The production, sale and distribution of milk and certain milk products in this state are attended with serious conditions and practices affecting producers, dealers and consumers of milk; and, after due investigation of such conditions and practices, the following legislative findings of fact with respect thereto are hereby made.
(1)Milk is the most necessary human food, vital for promotion of the public health; the health and growth of children are particularly dependent upon a constant and wholesome supply thereof. Since milk is a most fertile field for the growth of bacteria, its production and distribution have been surrounded by more costly sanitary requirements than those of any other food.
(2)Milk consumers are not assured of a constant and sufficient supply of pure, wholesome mi
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The production, sale and distribution of milk and certain milk products in this state are attended with serious conditions and practices affecting producers, dealers and consumers of milk; and, after due investigation of such conditions and practices, the following legislative findings of fact with respect thereto are hereby made. (1) Milk is the most necessary human food, vital for promotion of the public health; the health and growth of children are particularly dependent upon a constant and wholesome supply thereof. Since milk is a most fertile field for the growth of bacteria, its production and distribution have been surrounded by more costly sanitary requirements than those of any other food. (2) Milk consumers are not assured of a constant and sufficient supply of pure, wholesome milk when the high cost of maintaining sanitary conditions of production and high standards of purity is not returned to the producers of milk; or when a disparity between prices of milk and milk products and other commodities and services compels large numbers of producers to dispose of their herds or impairs the ability of producers to maintain such conditions and standards. Therefore, public health is menaced when milk dealers do not or cannot pay a price to producers commensurate with the cost of sanitary conditions of production and high standards of purity. (3) Milk dealers are required constantly to handle surpluses to meet the emergency requirements of unpredictable variations in fluid consumption and to meet seasonal variations in production, which milk in excess of fluid requirements must find an immediate market and tends to cause unfair, unreasonable and demoralizing trade and price practices, detrimental to the public health and interest. This excess milk is normally diverted into other uses at lower prices. Hence, producers who sell to a particular dealer or on a particular market should receive a proportionate share of the proceeds from the sale of milk in fluid form and in the lower price outlets if stable market conditions and equitable treatment of producers are to be assured. (4) Milk producers are required to make delivery of this highly perishable commodity immediately after it is produced and therefore must often accept any market at any price. Because of facts above stated, the value of milk cannot be determined until the dealer has sold such milk in fluid form or has disposed of it in surplus outlets; furthermore, only the dealers have convenient facilities for accurately weighing and testing milk. Hence, prior and often exclusive knowledge of the value of milk is in the possession of the dealer. The producers' lack of control over their market is aggravated by the trade custom of dealers in paying weeks after delivery, which often keeps producers obligated to continue delivery in order to receive payment for previous sales and permits dealers to operate on the producers' capital without giving security therefor. Hence, milk producers are subject to fraud and imposition, and do not possess the freedom of contract necessary for the procuring of cost of sanitary production. The above and attendant conditions and practices pertain to and exist in a paramount industry upon which the health and welfare of the inhabitants of the state are largely dependent; and the public interest therefore requires efficiency, equitable conditions, and the reduction or prevention of unhealthful, uneconomic, deceptive and destructive trade and price practices with respect thereto among producers, dealers and consumers. In exercise of the state police power to protect and promote the public health and welfare and to prevent fraud and imposition upon producers, such conditions and practices require control and regulation of the production, transportation, manufacture, processing, storage, distribution, sale and handling of milk as a business affecting the public health and interest.