§ 10-145b — Teaching certificates.

Connecticut § 10-145b

• Jurisdiction: Connecticut
• Title 10: Education and Culture
• Ch. 166: Teachers and Superintendents

Text

(a) The State Board of Education, upon receipt of a proper application, shall issue an initial educator certificate to any person who (1) holds a bachelor's degree or an advanced degree from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited or has received an equivalent accreditation, and (2) has successfully completed one of the pathways described in section 10-145bb. In addition, on and after July 1, 2018, each applicant shall have completed a subject area major as defined by the State Board of Education, except (A) as provided in section 10-145 l, or (B) where an applicant achieves a satisfactory evaluation on an appropriate State Board of Education approved subject area assessment or has completed advanced coursework in a relevant subject area. Any such initial educator certificate issued prior to July 1, 2025, that has not expired on or before July 1, 2025, shall be extended to be valid for a period of ten years from the date of issuance, and any such initial educator certificate issued on and after July 1, 2025, shall be valid for ten years and may be extended by the Commissioner of Education for an additional year for good cause upon the request of the superintendent in whose school district such person is employed or upon the request of the assessment team reviewing such person's performance, provided the commissioner may not grant such extension more than three times to any person. The commissioner may, upon application, reissue an initial educator certificate to any person who holds, but has not served under, an initial educator certificate, if such person can demonstrate that he or she satisfies the preparation and eligibility requirements that were in place at the time such initial educator certificate was originally issued to such person. (b) During the period of employment in a public school, a person holding an initial educator certificate shall (1) be under the supervision of the superintendent of schools or of a principal, administrator or supervisor designated by such superintendent who shall regularly observe, guide and evaluate the performance of assigned duties by such holder of an initial certificate, and (2) participate in a beginning educator program if there is such a program for such person's certification endorsement area. (c) (1) The State Board of Education, upon request of a local or regional board of education, shall issue a temporary ninety-day certificate to any applicant in the certification endorsement areas of elementary education, middle grades education, secondary academic subjects, special subjects or fields, special education, early childhood education and administration and supervision, or in the certification endorsement areas corresponding to teacher shortage areas, as determined by the Commissioner of Education pursuant to section 10-8b , when the following conditions are met: (A) The employing agent of a board of education makes a written request for the issuance of such certificate and attests to the existence of a special plan for supervision of temporary ninety-day certificate holders; (B) The applicant meets the following requirements, except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (C) of this subdivision: (i) Holds a bachelor's degree from an institution of higher education accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or Office of Higher Education or regionally accredited with a major either in or closely related to the certification endorsement area in which the requesting board of education is placing the applicant or, in the case of secondary or special subject or field endorsement area, possesses at least the minimum total number of semester hours of credit required for the content area, except as provided in section 10-145 l ; (ii) Has met the requirements pursuant to subsection (b) of section 10-145f ; (iii) Presents a written application on such forms as the Commissioner of Education shall prescribe; (iv) Has successfully completed an alternate route to certification program provided by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or the Office of Higher Education or public or independent institutions of higher education, regional educational service centers or private teacher or administrator training organizations and approved by the State Board of Education; (v) Possesses an undergraduate college overall grade point average of at least “B” or, if the applicant has completed at least twenty-four hours of graduate credit, possesses a graduate grade point average of at least “B”; and (vi) Presents supporting evidence of appropriate experience working with children; and (C) The Commissioner of Education may waive the requirements of subparagraphs (B)(v) or (B)(vi), or both, of this subdivision upon a showing of good cause. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section on and after July 1, 1989, the State Board of Education, upon receipt of a proper application, shall issue an initial educator certificate to any person who has taught successfully while holding a temporary ninety-day certificate and meets the requirements established in regulations adopted pursuant to section 10-145d . (d) (1) On and after July 1, 2019, in order to be eligible to obtain an initial educator certificate, each person shall be required to complete (A) a course of study in special education comprised of not fewer than thirty-six hours, which shall include (i) instruction on the growth and development of exceptional children, including children with a disability, gifted and talented children and children who may require special education, and (ii) methods for identifying, planning for and working effectively with special needs children in a regular classroom, and (B) a course or courses of study in special education relating to instruction on classroom techniques in reading, differentiated instruction, social-emotional learning, culturally responsive pedagogy and practice and assistive technology. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to any person who has been issued an initial educator certificate prior to July 1, 2019. (2) On and after July 1, 2016, in order to be eligible to obtain a provisional educator certificate, each person shall be required to complete a course of study in special education comprised of not fewer than thirty-six hours, which shall include an understanding of the growth and development of exceptional children, including children with a disability, gifted and talented children and children who may require special education, and methods for identifying, planning for and working effectively with special needs children in a regular classroom. (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection to the contrary, each applicant for such certificates who has met all requirements for certification except the completion of the course in special education shall be entitled to a certificate (A) for a period not to exceed one year, provided the applicant completed a teacher preparation program either in the state prior to July 1, 1987, or outside the state, or completed the necessary combination of professional experience or coursework as required by the State Board of Education, or (B) for a period not to exceed two years if the applicant applies for certification in an area for which a bachelor's degree is not required. (e) (1) On and after July 1, 1989, and until June 30, 2025, the State Board of Education, upon receipt of a proper application, shall issue a provisional educator certificate to any person who (A) has successfully completed a beginning educator program and one school year of successful teaching as attested to by the superintendent, or the superintendent's designee, in whose local or regional school district such person was employed, (B) has completed at least three years of successful teaching in a public school in another state or a nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education or appropriate governing body in another state within ten years prior to application for such provisional educator certificate, as attested to by the superintendent, or the superintendent's designee, in whose school district such person was employed, or by the supervising agent of the nonpublic school in which such person was employed, and has met preparation and eligibility requirements for an initial educator certificate, or (C) has successfully taught with a provisional teaching certificate for the year immediately preceding an application for a provisional educator certificate as an employee of a local or regional board of education or facility approved for special education by the State Board of Education. The commissioner may, upon application, reissue a provisional educator certificate to any person who holds a provisional educator certificate, if such person can demonstrate that he or she satisfies the preparation and eligibility requirements that were in place at the time such provisional educator certificate was originally issued to such person. (2) The commissioner may not issue or reissue any provisional educator certificates on or after July 1, 2025. Any person who holds a provisional educator certificate and is not eligible to advance to the professional educator certificate shall be eligible to be issued an initial educator certificate. (f) Any person holding a standard or permanent certificate on July 1, 1989, shall be eligible to receive upon application a professional educator certificate to replace said standard or permanent certificate. On and after July 1, 1989, standard and permanent certificates shall no longer be valid. (g) (1) On or after July 1, 1989, and prior to July 1, 2018, to qualify for a professional educator certificate, a person who holds or has held a provisional educator certificate under subsection (e) of this section shall have completed thirty credit hours of course work beyond the baccalaureate degree. It is not necessary that such course work be taken for a master's degree and such work may include graduate or undergraduate courses. (2) On and after July 1, 2018, and prior to July 1, 2025, to qualify for a professional educator certificate, a person who holds or has held a provisional educator certificate under subsection (d) of this section shall hold a master's degree in an appropriate subject matter area, as determined by the State Board of Education, related to such teacher's certification endorsement area. (3) On and after July 1, 2025, to qualify for a professional educator certificate, a person who holds an initial educator certificate or a provisional educator certificate shall (A) have completed at least fifty school months of successful teaching for one or more boards of education or approved nonpublic schools in this state while holding such initial educator certificate or provisional educator certificate, (B) have satisfactorily completed the teacher education and mentoring program, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-145o , and (C) either (i) hold a master's degree or higher in an appropriate subject matter area, or (ii) complete an alternate pathway to professional licensure jointly approved by the State Board of Education and the Educator Preparation and Certification Board. On and after July 1, 2025, the state board, upon receipt of a proper application, shall issue a professional educator certificate to any person who satisfies the qualifications described in this subdivision, except the state board may waive the requirement described in subparagraph (C) of this subdivision upon a showing of good cause. (h) Each professional educator certificate shall be valid for ten years and continued every ten years thereafter. (i) (1) The State Board of Education may take one or more of the following actions, in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (2) of this subsection, against a person holding a certificate, permit or authorization based on conduct that occurred prior or subsequent to the issuance of such certificate, permit or authorization: (A) Revoke the holder's certificate, permit or authorization; (B) suspend the holder's certificate, permit or authorization; or (C) place the holder's certificate on probation, subject to conditions determined by the Commissioner of Education. (2) The State Board of Education may take any of the actions described in subparagraphs (A) to (C), inclusive, of subdivision (1) of this subsection with respect to a holder's certificate, permit or authorization issued pursuant to sections 10-144o to 10-149 , inclusive, for any of the following reasons: (A) The holder of the certificate, permit or authorization obtained such certificate, permit or authorization through fraud or misrepresentation of a material fact; (B) the holder has persistently neglected to perform the duties for which the certificate, permit or authorization was granted; (C) the holder is professionally unfit to perform the duties for which the certificate, permit or authorization was granted; (D) the holder is convicted in a court of law of a crime involving moral turpitude or of any other crime of such nature that in the opinion of the board continued holding of a certificate, permit or authorization by the person would impair the standing of certificates, permits or authorizations issued by the board; or (E) other due and sufficient cause. The State Board of Education may revoke any certificate, permit or authorization issued pursuant to said sections if the holder is found to have intentionally disclosed specific questions or answers to students or otherwise improperly breached the security of any administration of a mastery examination, pursuant to section 10-14n . In any revocation proceeding pursuant to this section, the State Board of Education shall have the burden of establishing the reason for such revocation by a preponderance of the evidence. Revocation shall be in accordance with procedures established by the State Board of Education pursuant to chapter 54. (3) When the Commissioner of Education is notified, pursuant to section 10-149a or 17a-101i , that a person holding a certificate, permit or authorization issued by the State Board of Education under the provisions of sections 10-144o to 10-149 , inclusive, has been convicted of (A) a capital felony, under the provisions of section 53a-54b in effect prior to April 25, 2012, (B) arson murder, pursuant to section 53a-54d , (C) a class A felony, (D) a class B felony, except a violation of section 53a-122 , 53a-252 or 53a-291 , (E) a crime involving an act of child abuse or neglect as described in section 46b-120 , or (F) a violation of section 17a-101o , 53-21 , 53-37a , 53a-60b , 53a-60c , 53a-71 , 53a-72a , 53a-72b , 53a-73a , 53a-88 , 53a-90a , 53a-99 , 53a-103a , 53a-181c , 53a-191 , 53a-196 , 53a-196c , 53a-216 , 53a-217b or 21a-278 or subsection (a) of section 21a-277 , any certificate, permit or authorization issued by the State Board of Education and held by such person shall be deemed revoked and the commissioner shall notify such person of such revocation, provided such person may request reconsideration pursuant to regulations adopted by the State Board of Education, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54. As part of such reconsideration process, the board shall make the initial determination as to whether to uphold or overturn the revocation. The commissioner shall make the final determination as to whether to uphold or overturn the revocation. (4) The State Board of Education may deny an application for the initial issuance or renewal of a certificate, permit or authorization for any of the following reasons: (A) The applicant seeks to obtain a certificate, permit or authorization through fraud or misrepresentation of a material fact; (B) the applicant has been convicted in a court of law of a crime involving moral turpitude or of any other crime of such nature that in the opinion of the board issuance of a certificate, permit or authorization would impair the standing of certificates, permits or authorizations issued by the board; or (C) other due and sufficient cause. Any applicant denied a certificate, permit or authorization shall be notified in writing of the reasons for denial. Any applicant denied a certificate, permit or authorization may request a review of such denial by the State Board of Education. (5) A person whose certificate, permit or authorization has been denied, revoked or suspended may not be employed in a public school during the period of denial, revocation or suspension. A person whose certificate, permit or authorization has been placed on probation may be employed in a public school during the period of probation in accordance with the terms of such probation. (6) The State Board of Education may take any of the actions described in subparagraphs (A) to (C), inclusive, of subdivision (1) of this subsection, with respect to an applicant's or holder's certificate, permit or authorization a result of the applicant or holder having been subject to disciplinary action for any of the reasons described in subdivision (2) of this subsection by a duly authorized professional disciplinary agency of any state, a federal governmental agency, the District of Columbia, a United States possession or territory or a foreign jurisdiction. The State Board of Education may rely upon the findings and conclusions made by a duly authorized professional disciplinary agency of any state, a federal governmental agency, the District of Columbia, a United States possession or territory or foreign jurisdiction in taking such action. (7) Any local or regional board of education or private special education facility approved by the commissioner shall report to the commissioner when an employee, who holds a certificate, permit or authorization, is dismissed pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of section 10-151 . (8) The State Board of Education may, pursuant to chapter 54, adopt or revise regulations relating to the procedure by which the State Board of Education may take any of the actions described in subparagraphs (A) to (C), inclusive, of subdivision (1) of this subsection. (j) Not later than thirty days after receipt of notification, any initial educator certificate holder who is not granted a provisional educator certificate, or any provisional educator certificate holder who is not granted a professional educator certificate, or any professional educator certificate holder who is not granted a continuation, under the provisions of sections 10-145a to 10-145d , inclusive, and 10-146b , may appeal to the State Board of Education for reconsideration. Said board shall review the records of the appropriate certification period, and, if a hearing is requested in writing, hold such hearing not later than sixty days after such request and render a written decision not later than thirty days after the conclusion of such hearing. Any teacher aggrieved by the decision of said board may appeal from such decision in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183 and such appeal shall be privileged with respect to assignment of such appeal. (k) For the purposes of this section “supervisory agent” means the superintendent of schools or the principal, administrator or supervisor designated by such superintendent to provide direct supervision to a provisional certificate holder. (l) Upon application to the State Board of Education for the issuance of any certificate in accordance with this section and section 10-145d , there shall be paid to the board by or on behalf of the applicant a nonreturnable fee of two hundred dollars in the case of an applicant for an initial educator certificate, two hundred fifty dollars in the case of an applicant for a provisional educator certificate and three hundred seventy-five dollars in the case of an applicant for a professional educator certificate, except that applicants for certificates for teaching adult education programs mandated under subparagraph (A) of subsection (a) of section 10-69 shall pay a fee of one hundred dollars; persons eligible for a certificate or endorsement for which the fee is less than that applied for shall receive an appropriate refund; persons not eligible for any certificate shall receive a refund of the application fee minus fifty dollars; and persons holding standard or permanent certificates on July 1, 1989, who apply for professional certificates to replace the standard or permanent certificates, shall not be required to pay such a fee. Upon application to the State Board of Education for the issuance of a subject area endorsement there shall be paid to the board by or on behalf of such applicant a nonreturnable fee of one hundred dollars. With each request for a duplicate copy of any such certificate or endorsement there shall be paid to the board a nonreturnable fee of fifty dollars. See Sec. 10-148a re professional development. See Sec. 17a-101i re certification revocation upon conviction of a crime involving an act of child abuse.

Legislative History

(P.A. 74-331, S. 2, 7; P.A. 76-373, S. 1, 2; 76-436, S. 470, 681; P.A. 77-573, S. 24, 30; 77-603, S. 8, 125; P.A. 78-218, S. 97, 212; P.A. 82-218, S. 37, 46; P.A. 83-134, S. 1, 2; 83-587, S. 13, 96; P.A. 84-241, S. 2, 5; 84-298, S. 1, 2; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 23, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 7, 34; P.A. 88-273, S. 2, 9; 88-360, S. 14–18, 63; P.A. 89-137, S. 2–5, 11, 12, 14; 89-251, S. 67, 203; P.A. 90-230, S. 78, 101; 90-325, S. 1, 14, 15; P.A. 91-208, S. 1, 11; 91-288, S. 1; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6, S. 1, 2, 117; P.A. 93-70, S. 1, 2; 93-353, S. 15–18, 52; P.A. 94-221, S. 20; P.A. 95-58, S. 1, 4; 95-259, S. 14, 32; P.A. 96-244, S. 11, 12, 63; 96-246, S. 15; P.A. 98-243, S. 15, 25; 98-252, S. 37, 44, 80; P.A. 99-211, S. 9, 10; P.A. 00-220, S. 7, 43; P.A. 01-173, S. 15, 53, 67; P.A. 02-106, S. 5, 6, 8; P.A. 03-76, S. 44; P.A. 04-138, S. 1; P.A. 05-288, S. 49; P.A. 08-148, S. 1; 08-153, S. 7; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 152; June 19 Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-1, S. 2; P.A. 10-71, S. 2; P.A. 11-48, S. 285; 11-93, S. 18; 11-127, S. 1; P.A. 12-5, S. 8; 12-59, S. 7; 12-116, S. 36; 12-156, S. 5, 6; 12-173, S. 4; P.A. 13-118, S. 8, 9; 13-169, S. 1; 13-207, S. 8; P.A. 15-108, S. 1, 3; 15-205, S. 12; June Sp. Sess. 15-5, S. 276; P.A. 16-41, S. 8; P.A. 17-14, S. 8, 9; 17-173, S. 2; 17-202, S. 18; P.A. 18-34, S. 4; 18-51, S. 5; P.A. 19-74, S. 6; 19-100, S. 4; P.A. 22-38, S. 1–3; P.A. 24-41, S. 1.) History: P.A. 76-373 added Subsec. (g) re fees for teaching certificates; P.A. 76-436 amended Subsec. (e) to replace court of common pleas with superior court and to specify county or judicial district of residence, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 77-573 substituted board of higher education for commission for higher education; P.A. 77-603 amended appeal provisions in Subsec. (e) to provide that appeals be in accordance with Sec. 4-183; P.A. 78-218 substituted “local” for “town” and “board of education” for “school district” throughout section, made reasons for revocation new Subsec. (e), removing them from Subsec. (d), and relettered former Subsecs. (e) to (g) accordingly; P.A. 82-218 replaced board of higher education with board of governors pursuant to reorganization of higher education system, effective March 1, 1983; P.A. 83-134 amended Subsec. (e) to clarify authority of board to revoke provisional certification; P.A. 83-587 made a technical amendment to Subsec. (c), replacing board of higher education with board of governors; P.A. 84-241 added “of higher education” to board of governors' title; P.A. 84-298 inserted new Subsec. (b) which requires candidates for certification to satisfactorily complete a course in special education and requires state board of education to report to the education committee upon the adoption of certification regulations requiring completion of a special education course and relettered subsequent Subsecs. accordingly; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 made provisions for initial educator, temporary ninety-day, provisional educator and professional educator certificates; made standard and permanent certificates invalid after July 1, 1988; deleted description of what may be included in an individual program for a standard certificate and requirement re final years prior to eligibility for a standard certificate, and made other technical changes; P.A. 87-499 in Subsec. (a) delayed, from July 1, 1990, to July 1, 1992, the requirement that applicants for initial educator certificates have completed a subject area major; in Subsec. (c) provided that the requirements re temporary ninety-day certificates and the issuance of initial educator certificates to the holders of such temporary certificates be in regulation rather than in the subsection that the temporary certificates not be issued until July 1, 1988; in Subsec. (e) clarified that the completion of a special education course is a prerequisite to obtaining provisional teaching and initial educator certificates; in Subsec. (g) added to the requirements for a provisional educator certificate that the person have met the requirements for an initial educator certificate and that the person may have taught for at least one year in the state; in Subsec. (h) described what may be included in an individual program; in Subsecs. (i) and (k) provided that other requirements may be provided in regulation; in Subsec. (k) added that the person may have taught in a nonpublic school; in Subsec. (p) provided exceptions to the fee requirement; changed “holder” to “person who holds or has held” and made technical changes; P.A. 88-273 in Subsecs. (a), (c), (g), (i) and (j) substituted July 1, 1989, for July 1, 1988, as the date after which initial, provisional and professional educator certificates are issued; in Subsecs. (d), (h) and (i) substituted July 1, 1989, for July 1, 1988, as the date before which provisional and standard teaching certificates are issued; in Subsec. (a) substituted July 1, 1993, for July 1, 1992, as the date after which applicants for initial educator certificates shall have completed a subject area major; in Subsec. (c) added Subdiv. descriptions and in new subdivision substituted a description of the conditions which must be met for the issuance of a temporary ninety-day certificate for the provision that such a certificate be issued pursuant to regulations and added new Subdiv. (2) re participation in a beginning support and assessment program; in Subsec. (l) added Subdiv. designations and provided that continuing education units or their equivalent be determined by local or regional boards of education rather than defined by the state board of education and that commencing July 1, 1989, local and regional boards of education make not fewer than 18 hours of professional development activities available at no cost and in accordance with the subsection; and in Subsec. (p) substituted July 1, 1989, for July 1, 1988; P.A. 88-360 in Subsec. (e) made the requirements of the Subsec. apply to eligibility for a provisional educator certificate, specified that the required course be a course of study comprised of not fewer than 36 hours and provided exceptions to the requirements of the subsection, in Subsec. (g)(3) substituted having taught “for the 1988-1989 school year under a temporary emergency permit” for having taught “for a period of at least one year”, in Subsec. (m) added provisions for the denial of an application for certification, made Subsec. (p) apply upon applications for the issuance of any certificate in accordance with Sec. 10-145d and added Subsec. (q) re the reissuance of provisional teaching and provisional educator certificates; P.A. 89-137 in Subsec. (a) provided an exception to the requirement that initial educator certificates be valid for one year of employment, in Subsec. (c)(3) provided that an initial educator certificate issued to a person who has taught while holding a temporary ninety-day certificate be valid for one and one-half years and be nonrenewable, in Subsec. (e)(2) made applicants who have not completed the course in special education and who held temporary 90-day certificates within one year of application for provisional educator or initial educator certificates eligible for certificates for periods not to exceed two years, in Subsec. (i) provided that the statement of a record of competency may be from an approved nonpublic school and that evidence of the completion of certain course work be provided to the department of education by the applicant rather than by the employing board of education, in Subsec. (k) provided that the statement of a record of competency may be from the superintendent of an approved nonpublic school, that there be a statement from the superintendent that the certificate holder and the superintendent have mutually determined or approved an individual program and that evidence of certain course work be provided to the department of education by the applicant rather than by the superintendent and in Subsec. (m) expanded the types of certificates which the state board of education has the authority to revoke to those issued pursuant to Secs. 10-144o to 10-149, inclusive, and made a technical change; P.A. 89-251 increased fee for a certificate from $15 to $18 and for a duplicate from $5 to $6; P.A. 90-230 made a technical correction in Subsec. (k); P.A. 90-325 in Subsec. (a) provided that the board of governors of higher education not have to accredit teacher training equivalents taken out of state, in Subsec. (c)(3) deleted provisions that the one and one-half years that an initial educator certificate issued pursuant to the subdivision is valid begins on the date of issuance and that such a certificate be nonrenewable and added Subsec. (g)(4) re issuance of a provisional educator certificate to a person who has taught with a provisional teaching certificate for the year immediately preceding an application for a provisional educator certificate; P.A. 91-208 in Subsec. (c)(B)(iv) deleted reference to program developed through institute for effective teaching and substituted reference to program provided under contract with institution designated by higher education department; P.A. 91-288 in Subsec. (l) changed the requirement from nine continuing education units to 90 hours of continuing education, added the provisions concerning members of the general assembly, added language requiring boards of education to grant credit for activities offered in accordance with the plan developed pursuant to Sec. 10-220a or activities which the board approves for any individual certified employee, added in Subdiv. (2) evaluation of activities in terms of contribution to school goals and provision for each educator to attest to the state department of education that continuing education hours have been completed; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for a certificate of eligibility and Subsec. (p) to establish specific fees for certificate of eligibility, initial educator certificate, provisional educator certificate, professional educator certificate, and to provide exceptions for applicants for certificates for teaching adult education programs and other exceptions and provide a fee for issuance of a subject area endorsement; (Revisor's note: In 1993 obsolete references to “subsection (a) of section 10-146f” in Subsecs. (f) and (n) were deleted editorially by the Revisors since Sec. 10-146f is repealed); P.A. 93-70 amended Subsec. (l)(1) to add the provision concerning reissuance of certificate for unemployed teachers who have not completed required continuing education and made technical changes, effective May 10, 1993; P.A. 93-353 amended Subsec. (a) to remove provision tying the validity and extension of the initial educator certificate to employment in a public school and made technical changes, amended Subsec. (b) to clarify that participation in a beginning educator program is required only if there is such a program for such person's certification endorsement area, amended Subsec. (c)(1) to add the certification endorsement areas of middle grades education and administration and supervision, and to remove obsolete language and amended Subsec. (e)(2) to delete the exception for applicants who hold a temporary ninety-day certificate or held such certificate within one year of application for a provisional educator or initial educator certificate, removed a report to the general assembly on the adoption of regulations containing the provisions of Subsec. (c) and deleted obsolete language, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 94-221 amended Subsec. (m) to provide for the automatic revocation of certificates issued by the State Board of Education for persons convicted of crimes involving child abuse or violations of Sec. 53a-71 or 53a-73a, to require the commissioner to notify such persons of the revocation and to allow such persons to request reconsideration; P.A. 95-58 amended Subsec. (l) to add requirement for superintendents and certain administrators to complete training in the evaluation of teachers, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-259 amended Subsec. (m) to require the revocation of any certificate if the holder intentionally discloses information on or breaches the security of the examination pursuant to Sec. 10-14n, effective July 6, 1995; P.A. 96-244 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the period of validity for an initial educator certificate from “one” to “two” years and amended Subsec. (c)(3) to increase the period of validity for an initial educator certificate from “one and one-half” to “two” years, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-246 amended Subsec. (m) by changing reference to Sec. 17a-101(f) to Sec. 17a-101i; P.A. 98-243 amended Subsec. (l)(1) to add new Subpara. (A) re requirement for training in the teaching of reading for certain certified employees and redesignated existing Subparas. (A) and (B) as Subpara. (B)(i) and (ii), effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 98-252 amended Subsec. (a) to remove provision for the issuance of a certificate of eligibility, amended Subsecs. (a) and (c)(3) to make the initial educator certificate valid for three years instead of two years, amended Subsec. (l)(1) to add requirement for continuing education for certain employees to include at least 15 hours of training in the use of computers in the classroom, and amended Subsec. (p) by deleting provision re certificate of eligibility, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-211 added Subsec. (l)(l)(D) re certified employees with bilingual education endorsements, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-220 amended Subsec. (m) to require the State Board of Education in any revocation proceeding to establish the reason for the revocation by a preponderance of the evidence, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (l)(1) to allow completion of a national board certification assessment to meet the requirement for continuing education, to expand the requirement for training in the use of computers to cover secondary school teachers and add provision re demonstration of technology competence and to make technical changes for the purposes of gender neutrality, and amended Subsec. (m) to apply the provisions to authorizations and permits, to expand the crimes for which conviction results in a person's certificate, authorization or permit being deemed revoked, to redesignate existing Subdivs. (1) to (5) as Subparas. (A) to (E) of Subdiv. (1) and to divide provisions into new Subdivs. (1) to (3), effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 02-106 amended Subsec. (g)(1) by adding reference to superintendent's designee and (g)(2) by adding provisions re attestation and making a technical change, and amended Subsec. (k) by adding references to supervisory agent and superintendent's designee and by making a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 1, 2002, and amended Subsec. (m)(2) by adding reference to Sec. 10-149a; P.A. 03-76 made technical changes in Subsec. (l)(1)(C), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 04-138 amended Subsec. (k) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re certification of teachers who are nationally board certified, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-288 made a technical change in Subsec. (k)(1), effective July 13, 2005; P.A. 08-148 amended Subsec. (m)(2) to provide that as part of reconsideration process, board shall make initial determination concerning revocation, but commissioner shall make final determination, effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 08-153 amended Subsec. (c)(1) to add early childhood education, effective June 12, 2008; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 increased fees, effective September 9, 2009; June 19 Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-1 amended Subsec. (a) by adding exception to subject area major requirement, amended Subsec. (c) by adding exception to subject area major requirement in Subdiv. (1)(B)(i) and rephrasing provision re alternate route to certification program in Subdiv. (1)(B)(iv), deleted former Subsecs. (d), (f) and (h), redesignated existing Subsecs. (e), (g) and (i) to (p), as (d) to (m), amended redesignated Subsec. (e) by adding “school in another state”, making a conforming change, deleting former Subdiv. (3) and redesignating existing Subdiv. (4) as Subdiv. (3), amended redesignated Subsec. (f) by deleting provisions re standard teaching certificate, amended redesignated Subsec. (g) by adding “and prior to July 1, 2016”, deleting former Subdivs. (1) and (2), adding provision re graduate coursework on and after July 1, 2016, and making a technical change, amended redesignated Subsec. (h) by adding language re superintendent's designee, adding provision re nonpublic school teaching experience and making technical changes in Subdiv. (1) and adding language re credit hours required before, on and after July 1, 2016, and making technical changes in Subdiv. (2), amended redesignated Subsec. (i)(1) by adding provisions re continuing education and professional development activities on and after July 1, 2011, amended redesignated Subsec. (j) by adding references to Secs. 53a-49 and 53a-90a in Subdiv. (2)(F), adding Subdiv. (4) re employment in public school during period of revocation and adding Subdiv. (5) re report following dismissal of employee, amended redesignated Subsec. (k) by deleting references to provisional teaching certificates and standard teaching certificates and making conforming and technical changes, effective July 1, 2009; P.A. 10-71 made a technical change in Subsec. (k), effective May 18, 2010; pursuant to P.A. 11-48, “Board of Governors of Higher Education” and “Department of Higher Education” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Board of Regents for Higher Education”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-93 amended Subsec. (j)(2)(F) by deleting reference to Sec. 53a-49, effective July 8, 2011; P.A. 11-127 amended Subsec. (h)(1) by deleting provision re nonpublic school teaching experience shall not be accepted for issuance of professional educator certificate and amended Subsec. (i) by including certified employees of nonpublic schools, adding language re supervisory agent of a nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education and making conforming changes, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-5 amended Subsec. (j)(2)(A) re capital felony to reference provisions of Sec. 53a-54b in effect prior to April 25, 2012, effective April 25, 2012; P.A. 12-59 made a technical change in Subsec. (m), effective May 31, 2012; P.A. 12-116 amended Subsec. (g) by replacing provision re 30 credit hours of graduate coursework with provision re master's degree in an appropriate subject matter area related to teacher's endorsement area, amended Subsec. (h) by adding new Subdiv. (2) re professional educator certificate to be valid for 5 years and continued every 5 years thereafter, redesignating existing Subdiv. (2) as Subdiv. (3) and amending same by deleting former clauses (i) and (ii) in existing Subpara. (B), adding new Subpara. (C) re requirement that teacher from another state hold a master's degree in an appropriate subject matter area related to teacher's endorsement area, adding provisions re exceptions to beginning educator program and making technical changes, deleted former Subsec. (i) re continuing education, and redesignated existing Subsecs. (j) to (m) as Subsecs. (i) to (l), effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 12-156 amended Subsec. (a) by making a technical change and adding reference to State Board of Education re accreditation and amended Subsec. (c)(1)(B) by adding reference to State Board of Education in clause (i) and adding reference to Office of Higher Education in clause (iv), effective June 15, 2012; P.A. 12-173 amended former Subsec. (i)(1) by adding Subpara. (E) re professional development for certified employees with a special education endorsement to include implementation of individualized education programs and communication of program procedures, effective July 1, 2012; P.A. 13-118 amended Subsecs. (a)(2) and (c)(1)(B)(i) to replace “State Board of Education” with “Office of Higher Education”, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-169 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (3) re summer or weekend and evening alternate route to certification program, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-207 amended Subsec. (i)(1) to replace “state-wide mastery examination” with “mastery examination” and make a technical change, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 15-108 amended Subsec. (c) by adding provision re certification endorsement areas corresponding to teacher shortage areas in Subdiv. (1) and replacing “pursuant to” with “established in” in Subdiv. (3), and amended Subsec. (h)(3) by replacing “Upon” with “Except as otherwise provided in section 10-146c, upon”, replacing out-of-state teaching requirement of a minimum of 3 years with requirement of a minimum of 2 years, adding provisions re showing of effectiveness as a teacher to exemptions from completing beginning educator program, and making technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 15-205 amended Subsec. (i)(2) to add reference to Sec. 17a-101a, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (d) by adding Subdiv. (1) re requiring special education course of study to obtain initial educator certificate, designating existing provision re requiring special education course of study to obtain provisional educator certificate as Subdiv. (2) and amending same by deleting references to provisional teaching certificate and initial educator certificate, and designating existing provision re completion of all requirements for certification except special education course of study as Subdiv. (3) and amending same by redesignating existing Subdivs. (1) and (2) as Subparas. (A) and (B), effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 16-41 amended Subsec. (h)(3) by deleting former Subparas. (A) re nationally board certified and (C) re master's degree, redesignating existing Subpara. (B) re teaching in another state as new Subpara. (A), adding new Subpara. (B) re two satisfactory performance evaluations and new Subpara. (C) re post-preparation assessments, adding provision re certain applicants not required to complete course of study in special education, and making a technical change, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 17-14 amended Subsec. (a) re issuance of initial educator certificate by replacing former Subdivs. (1) to (3) with new Subdivs. (1) and (2), amended Subsec. (c) by deleting former Subdiv. (2) re participation in beginning support and assessment program, redesignating existing Subdiv. (3) as new Subdiv. (2), and amending same by making a technical change, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 17-173 amended Subsec. (g) by replacing “2016” with “2018”, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 17-202 amended Subsec. (d) by replacing “handicapped and” with “children with a disability” in Subdivs. (1) and (2); P.A. 18-34 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “1993” with “2018” re completion of subject area major and designating existing provision re Sec. 10-145 l as clause (i) and adding clause (ii) re applicant achieves satisfactory evaluation on appropriate subject area assessment and has completed advanced coursework in relevant subject area, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 18-51 amended Subsec. (i) by adding new Subdiv. (1) re State Board may revoke, suspend or put on probation certificate, permit or authorization, redesignating existing Subdivs. (1) to (4) as Subdivs. (2) to (5) and amending redesignated Subdiv. (5) by adding provision re person may be employed in public school during period of probation, adding Subdiv. (6) re State Board actions and reliance upon findings and conclusions of duly authorized professional disciplinary agency, redesignating existing Subdiv. (5) as Subdiv. (7), adding Subdiv. (8) re State Board may adopt or revise regulations, and making technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-74 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “or an advanced degree” and replacing “accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or Office of Higher Education or is regionally accredited” with “that is regionally accredited or has received an equivalent accreditation” in Subdiv. (1), and replaced “and” with “or” in Subdiv. (2)(B)(ii), effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 19-100 amended Subsec. (d)(1) by replacing references to “2016” with references to “2019”, designating existing provisions in Subpara. (A) as clauses (i) and (ii), replacing “an understanding of” with “instruction on” in Subpara. (A)(i) and replacing “cultural competencies” with “culturally responsive pedagogy and practice” in Subpara. (B), effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 22-38 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provision re requirements for reissuance of initial educator certificate to persons who hold but have not served under an initial educator certificate, amended Subsec. (e) by adding provision re requirements for reissuance of provisional educator certificate to persons who hold but have not served under a provisional educator certificate and amended Subsec. (h)(2) by replacing reference to “five” with “ten”, effective July 1, 2022; P.A. 24-41 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting former Subparas. (A) and (B) in Subdiv. (2) and replacing with provision re pathways described in Sec. 10-145bb, redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as new Subparas. (A) and (B), changing validity of initial educator certificate from 3 years to 10 years and allowing commissioner to grant an extension up to 3 times, amended Subsec. (c)(2) by deleting “, which shall be valid for three years,”, amended Subsec. (e) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and amending same to redesignate Subdivs. (1) to (3) as Subparas. (A) to (C) and adding Subdiv. (2) re commissioner may not issue or reissue provisional educator certificate after July 1, 2025, and any person holding such certificate who is not eligible for a professional educator certificate to be issued an initial educator certificate, amended Subsec. (g) by designating existing provisions as Subdivs. (1) and (2) and adding Subdiv. (3) re qualifications for professional educator certificate on and after July 1, 2025, amended Subsec. (h) by deleting former Subdivs. (1) and (3), amended Subsec. (i)(3)(F) by replacing reference to Sec. 17a-101a with Sec. 17a-101o, and making technical and conforming changes throughout, effective July 1, 2024. Statute constitutional as applied to holding of standard or permanent certificates. 210 C. 286. Cited. 221 C. 549; 238 C. 1; 240 C. 119. Cited. 45 CA 476. Subsec. (i)(2): Subdiv. is civil and not penal in nature, and therefore need not be strictly construed, and references to “other due and sufficient cause” and “otherwise improperly breached the security of any administration of a mastery examination” have ascertainable meanings and are not impermissibly vague. 205 CA 489.