A. Except as otherwise provided in this section, section 45-547 and article 8.1 of this chapter, in areas outside of active management areas:
1. Groundwater may be transported:
(a) Within a subbasin of a groundwater basin or within a groundwater basin, if there are no subbasins, without payment of damages.
(b) Between subbasins of a groundwater basin, subject to payment of damages.
2. Groundwater shall not be transported away from a groundwater basin.
3. Groundwater shall not be transported away from the upper San Pedro water district if established under title 48, chapter 37.
B. Notwithstanding subsection A, paragraph 2 or 3 of this section, subject to payment of damages:
1. A person who at any time during the twelve months before January 1, 1991 was transporting away from the Little Colorado river plateau groundwater basin or the Parker groundwater basin groundwater that was legally withdrawn from a well in either groundwater basin has the right, subject to subsection C of this section, to transport groundwater that is legally withdrawn from the well or a replacement well in approximately the same location to another groundwater basin in an annual amount equal to the greater of the maximum amount of groundwater either:
(a) That was withdrawn from the well and transported by the person away from the groundwater basin in any one of the five calendar years immediately preceding January 1, 1991.
(b) That could have been withdrawn from the well during the twelve month period, taking into account the pump capacity and specific capacity of the well during that period, or twenty-five acre-feet, whichever is less.
2. A person may transport groundwater by motor vehicle from the Little Colorado river plateau groundwater basin or the Parker groundwater basin to an adjacent groundwater basin for domestic purposes or stock watering.
3. A city or town whose service area is located either in the Little Colorado river plateau groundwater basin and an adjacent groundwater basin or in the Parker groundwater basin and an adjacent groundwater basin may transport groundwater that is withdrawn within that portion of its service area located in the Little Colorado river plateau groundwater basin or the Parker groundwater basin to the adjacent groundwater basin for the benefit of landowners and residents within its service area.
4. A city, town or private water company whose service area is located in two adjacent groundwater basins and provides water utility service to landowners or residents in both basins as of July 1, 1993 may transport groundwater between those adjacent groundwater basins.
5. The transportation of groundwater in which groundwater is transported away from the groundwater basin and expansions of that transfer by the same person or its successor for the same purpose are valid if that transfer was occurring before September 1, 1993.
6. A city or town in the Coconino plateau groundwater basin with a population of not more than eight thousand persons that was transporting groundwater into its municipal water service area from an adjacent groundwater basin as of January 1, 2001, from wells that the director determines were erroneously drilled without knowledge that the wells were in the adjacent groundwater basin, may continue and expand that transfer subject to all of the following conditions:
(a) The groundwater may be withdrawn only from wells that are located not more than two miles from the Coconino plateau groundwater basin boundary and that are drilled to depths of at least two thousand five hundred feet below land surface.
(b) The groundwater may be used only within the municipal water service area of the city or town, and the city or town shall use available surface water supplies within its municipal water service area to the extent practicable.
(c) The total amount of groundwater that may be transported during a year shall not exceed seven hundred acre-feet, except that a city or town may apply to the director to increase the amount of groundwater that may be transported during a year under this subdivision if additional groundwater is needed to provide fire protection for the city or town because of an emergency condition. The director shall post an application filed under this subdivision on the department's website before approving or denying the application. The director shall approve an application filed under this subdivision if the city or town demonstrates to the satisfaction of the director that an emergency condition exists that makes it necessary for the city or town to transport groundwater in excess of the amount allowed under this subdivision to provide adequate fire protection for the city or town. If the director approves an application filed under this subdivision, the director shall specify the amount of groundwater that the city or town may transport in excess of the amount allowed under this subdivision and may impose other conditions that the director deems appropriate.
(d) The city or town shall no longer transport any groundwater pursuant to this paragraph if all of the following apply:
(i) After January 1, 2009, the city or town obtains the legal right to receive a new supply of water originating from outside of its corporate boundaries, other than groundwater pursuant to this paragraph.
(ii) The supply of water is physically available to the city or town through a canal or pipeline.
(iii) The director determines that the supply of water, together with other water supplies physically available to the city or town, other than groundwater pursuant to this paragraph, is sufficient to provide a sustainable water supply for the city or town, including projected growth, and notifies the city or town of that determination.
7. Groundwater may be transported away from a groundwater basin for mineral extraction and processing, except that no groundwater may be transported away from the Parker groundwater basin or the Little Colorado river plateau groundwater basin for that purpose and, if the district is established, groundwater shall not be transported away from the upper San Pedro water district for that purpose except as provided in paragraphs 8 and 9 of this subsection.
8. If the upper San Pedro water district is established under title 48, chapter 37:
(a) A city, town or private water company whose service area is located in the district and a groundwater basin adjacent to the district, other than the upper San Pedro groundwater basin, and that provides water utility service to landowners or residents in the district and that adjacent groundwater basin as of July 1, 1993 may transport groundwater between the district and that adjacent groundwater basin.
(b) The transportation of groundwater in which groundwater is transported away from the district and away from the upper San Pedro groundwater basin and expansions of that transfer by the same person or its successor for the same purpose are valid if that transfer was occurring before September 1, 1993.
(c) The transportation of groundwater in which groundwater is transported away from the district but not away from the upper San Pedro groundwater basin and expansions of that transfer by the same person or its successor for the same purpose are valid if that transfer was occurring before the date the district is established.
9. A metal mining facility that is located in both the upper San Pedro and Douglas groundwater basins may transport groundwater between the two basins to the extent that the transportation is necessary to comply with an order issued by the director of environmental quality pursuant to title 49, chapter 2, article 5, including an order issued by the director of environmental quality pursuant to section 49-286. Before transporting groundwater pursuant to this paragraph, a metal mining facility shall give written notice to the director of water resources, which shall include a copy of the order requiring the remedial action or mitigation activities.
C. The director may limit by order the amount of groundwater withdrawn from a well in the Little Colorado river plateau groundwater basin for transportation away from the basin pursuant to subsection B, paragraph 1 of this section in any year in which the director determines that the projected withdrawals from the well for that purpose will unreasonably increase damage to surrounding land or other water users and if the well:
1. Was drilled on or before January 1, 1991.
2. Was not completed on January 1, 1991, but a notice of intention to drill the well was on file on that date.
3. Is a replacement well, in approximately the same location, for a well described in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection.
D. Groundwater may be withdrawn from a well drilled in the Little Colorado river plateau groundwater basin after January 1, 1991, except a replacement well in approximately the same location or a well drilled after that date pursuant to a notice of intention to drill that was on file with the department on that date, for transportation away from the basin pursuant to subsection B, paragraph 1 of this section only if the location of the well complies with the rules adopted pursuant to section 45-598, subsection A to prevent unreasonably increasing damage to surrounding land or other water users from the concentration of wells.
E. For the purposes of this section:
1. "Domestic purposes" means uses related to the supply, service and activities of households and private residences and includes the application of water to less than two acres of land to produce plants or parts of plants for sale or human consumption, or for use as feed for livestock, range livestock or poultry, as such terms are defined in section 3-1201.
2. "Stock watering" means the watering of livestock, range livestock or poultry, as such terms are defined in section 3-1201.