§ 32-1182 — Progress payments by owner; conditions; interest

A. By mutual agreement with a contractor, an owner may make progress payments on construction contracts of less than sixty days. An owner shall make progress payments to a contractor on all other construction contracts. Progress payments shall be made on the basis of a duly certified and approved billing or estimate of the work performed and the materials supplied. The billing or estimate for a progress payment shall be submitted on a thirty day billing cycle unless the construction contract and each page of the plans, including bid plans and construction plans, shall specifically identify a different billing cycle in a clear and conspicuous manner as prescribed in subsection B of this section. If any work is performed during a billing cycle, a contractor shall timely submit a billing or estimate to the owner. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, the owner shall make progress payments to the contractor within seven days after the date the billing or estimate is certified and approved pursuant to subsection D of this section. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, an owner shall release retention to the contractor within seven days after the date the billing or estimate for release of retention is certified and approved pursuant to subsection H of this section. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, an owner shall make final payment to the contractor within seven days after the billing or estimate for final payment is certified and approved pursuant to subsection K of this section.

B. A construction contract may provide for a billing cycle other than a thirty day billing cycle if the construction contract specifically sets forth such other billing cycle and either of the following applies:

1. The following legend or substantially similar language setting forth the other billing cycle appears in clear and conspicuous type on each page of the plans, including bid plans and construction plans:

Notice of Alternate Billing Cycle

This contract allows the owner to require the submission of billings or estimates in billing cycles other than thirty days. Billings or estimates for this contract shall be submitted as follows:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. The following legend or substantially similar language setting forth the other billing cycle appears in clear and conspicuous type on each page of the plans, including bid plans and construction plans:

Notice of Alternate Billing Cycle

This contract allows the owner to require the submission of billings or estimates in billing cycles other than thirty days. A written description of such other billing cycle applicable to the project is available from the owner or the owner's designated agent at (telephone number or address, or both), and the owner or its designated agent shall provide this written description on request.

C. An owner may make progress payments, release of retention and final payment later than seven days after the date the billing or estimate is certified and approved if both:

1. The construction contract in a clear and conspicuous manner specifically provides for a later payment defined by a specified number of days after certification and approval.

2. The following legend or substantially similar language setting forth the specified number of days appears in clear and conspicuous type on each page of the plans, including bid plans and construction plans:

Notice of Extended Payment Provision

This contract allows the owner to make payment within _____ days after certification and approval of billings and estimates for progress payments, within _______ days after certification and approval of billings and estimates for release of retention and within ____ days after certification and approval of billings and estimates for final payment.

D. Except as provided in subsection F of this section, a billing or estimate for a progress payment shall be deemed certified and approved fourteen days after the owner receives the billing or estimate, unless before that time the owner or the owner's agent prepares and issues a written statement stating in reasonable detail the owner's reasons for not certifying or approving all or a portion of the billing or estimate. The owner is deemed to have received the billing or estimate when the billing or estimate is submitted to any person designated by the owner for receipt or for certification and approval of the billing or estimate. The owner may withhold from a progress payment a reasonable amount for retention. An owner may decline to certify and approve a billing or estimate or portion of a billing or estimate for any of the following reasons:

1. Unsatisfactory job progress.

2. Defective construction work or materials not remedied.

3. Disputed work or materials.

4. Failure to comply with other material provisions of the construction contract.

5. Third-party claims filed or reasonable evidence that a claim will be filed.

6. Failure of the contractor or a subcontractor to make timely payments for labor, equipment and materials.

7. Damage to the owner.

8. Reasonable evidence that the construction contract cannot be completed for the unpaid balance of the construction contract sum.

E. An owner may withhold from a progress payment only an amount that is sufficient to pay the direct costs and expenses the owner reasonably expects to incur to protect the owner from loss for which the contractor is responsible and that results from any reasons set forth in writing pursuant to subsection D of this section.

F. An owner may extend the period within which the billing or estimate for progress payments, release of retention and final payment is certified and approved if both:

1. The construction contract in a clear and conspicuous manner specifically provides for an extended time period within which a billing or estimate shall be certified and approved defined by a specified number of days after the owner has received the billing or estimate.

2. The following legend or substantially similar language, setting forth the specified number of days, appears in clear and conspicuous type on each page of the plans, including bid plans and construction plans:

Notice of Extended Certification and

Approval Period Provision

This contract allows the owner to certify and approve billings and estimates for progress payments within ____ days after the billings and estimates are received from the contractor, for release of retention within ____ days after the billings and estimates are received from the contractor and for final payment within ____ days after the billings and estimates are received from the contractor.

G. After the effective date of a construction contract, an owner and contractor may change the number of specified days after certification and approval for the owner to make payment to the contractor or within which a billing or estimate must be certified and approved. Any contractor or subcontractor that does not provide written consent to the change will continue to be paid as previously agreed.

H. On substantial completion of the work, a contractor shall submit a billing or estimate for release of retention. Except as provided in subsection F of this section, the billing or estimate for release of retention shall be deemed certified and approved within fourteen days after the owner receives the billing or estimate, unless before that time the owner or the owner's agent issues a written statement stating in reasonable detail the owner's reasons for not certifying or approving all or a portion of the billing or estimate. The owner is deemed to have received the billing or estimate when the billing or estimate is submitted to any person designated by the owner for receipt or for certification and approval of the billing or estimate. The owner may:

1. Decline to certify and approve a billing or estimate for release of retention or a portion of a billing or estimate for release of retention for failure of the contractor to complete a material requirement of the construction contract or to complete portions of the work or for any reason permitted under subsection D of this section.

2. Withhold from retention to be released only an amount not to exceed one hundred fifty percent of the direct costs and expenses the owner reasonably expects to incur to protect the owner from loss for which the contractor is responsible and that results from the contractor's failure to complete portions of the work at the time of substantial completion or for any reasons set forth in writing pursuant to this subsection.

I. Except as provided in subsections C and H of this section, the owner shall pay the retention to the contractor within seven days after the date the billing or estimate for release of retention is certified and approved. If the owner has declined to certify or approve a billing or estimate for release of retention or a portion of a billing or estimate for release of retention pursuant to subsection H of this section, when any reason as stated in the owner's written statement has been removed, the contractor may submit a supplemental billing or estimate for all or a portion of the withheld amounts of retention pursuant to subsection H of this section. Unless otherwise agreed, the contractor may submit only one billing or estimate during each billing cycle.

J. When a contractor substantially completes all work under a portion of a construction contract for which the contract states a separate price, the contractor shall submit a billing or estimate for release of retention on that portion of the construction contract pursuant to subsection H of this section.

K. On final completion of the work, a contractor shall submit a billing or estimate for final payment. Except as provided in subsection F of this section, a billing or estimate for final payment shall be deemed certified and approved fourteen days after the owner receives the billing or estimate, unless before that time the owner or owner's agent prepares and issues a written statement stating in reasonable detail the reasons the billing or estimate has not been certified or approved. The owner is deemed to have received the billing or estimate for final payment when the billing or estimate is submitted to any person designated by the owner for receipt of or for certification and approval of the billing or estimate. The owner may:

1. Decline to certify and approve a billing or estimate for final payment or a portion of a billing or estimate for final payment for failure of the contractor to complete a requirement of the construction contract or to complete portions of the work or for any reason permitted under subsection D of this section.

2. Withhold from final payment only an amount not to exceed one hundred fifty percent of the direct costs and expenses the owner reasonably expects to incur to protect the owner from loss for which the contractor is responsible and that results from any reasons set forth in writing pursuant to this subsection.

L. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, the owner shall make final payment to the contractor within seven days after the date the billing or estimate for final payment is certified and approved. If the owner has declined to certify or approve a billing or estimate for final payment or a portion of a billing or estimate for final payment pursuant to subsection K of this section, when any reason as stated in the owner's written statement has been removed, the contractor may submit a billing or estimate for all or a portion of the withheld amounts of final payment pursuant to subsection K of this section. Unless otherwise agreed, the contractor may submit only one billing or estimate during each billing cycle.

M. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, on projects that require a federal agency's final certification or approval, the owner shall make payment in full on the construction contract within seven days after the federal agency's final certification or approval.

N. When a contractor completes all work under a portion of a construction contract for which the contract states a separate price, the contractor may timely submit a billing or estimate for final payment on that portion of the construction contract pursuant to subsection K of this section.

O. Payment shall not be required pursuant to this section unless the contractor provides the owner with a billing or estimate in accordance with the terms of the construction contract between the parties.

P. A construction contract shall not alter the rights of any contractor, subcontractor or material supplier to receive prompt and timely payments as provided under this article.

Q. If an owner or a third party designated by an owner as the person responsible for making progress payments, releasing retention or making final payment on a construction contract does not make a timely payment on amounts due pursuant to this section, the owner shall pay the contractor interest at the rate of one and one-half percent a month or fraction of a month on the unpaid balance, or at a higher rate as the parties to the construction contract agree.

R. On the written request of a subcontractor, the owner shall notify the subcontractor within five days after the issuance of a progress payment to the contractor. On the written request of a subcontractor, the owner shall notify the subcontractor within five days after the owner releases retention or makes the final payment to the contractor on the construction contract. A subcontractor's request pursuant to this subsection shall remain in effect for the duration of the subcontractor's work on the project.

S. In any action or arbitration brought to collect payments or interest pursuant to this section, the successful party shall be awarded costs and attorney fees in a reasonable amount.

T. If the owner and contractor are a single entity, that entity shall pay its subcontractors or material suppliers within fourteen days after the billing or estimate is certified and approved unless the deadlines for certification and approval or for payment have been modified pursuant to subsection C or F of this section.

U. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this section, an owner may define "retention", "substantial completion" and "final completion" to have meanings different than those stated in section 32-1181, if:

1. The construction contract in a clear and conspicuous manner defines the terms.

2. The legend set forth in subsection W of this section or substantially similar language appears in clear and conspicuous type on each page of the plans, including bid plans and construction plans.

3. The different meanings of "retention", "substantial completion" and "final completion" are set forth in the plans, including on bid plans and construction plans, and the legend required by paragraph 2 of this subsection designates the sheet number of the plans on which the different meanings of the terms can be found.

V. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this section, an owner may establish different timing and conditions for when the contractor may submit a billing or estimate for release of retention or for final payment and for when such payments shall be due, if:

1. The construction contract in a clear and conspicuous manner establishes different timing for when the contractor may submit a billing or estimate for release of retention or for final payment, or both, and for when such payments shall be due.

2. The legend set forth in subsection W of this section or substantially similar language appears in clear and conspicuous type on each page of the plans, including bid plans and construction plans.

3. The different timing and conditions for when the contractor may submit a billing or estimate for release of retention or for final payment and for when such payments shall be due are set forth in the plans, including on bid plans and construction plans, and the legend required by paragraph 2 of this subsection designates the sheet number of the plans on which the different timing and conditions can be found.

W. The legend for making one or more of the modifications set forth in subsections U and V of this section shall be as follows:

Notice of Alternate Arrangements for

Release of Retention and Final Payment

This contract allows the owner to make alternate arrangements for the occurrence of substantial completion, the release of retention and making of final payment. Such alternate arrangements are disclosed on sheet no. _____ of these plans.