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3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT TACOMA 7 JEFFREY SCOTT ZIEGLER, CASE NO. 3:24-cv-5381 8 Petitioner, ORDER DENYING MOTIONS FOR 9 RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT v. 10 JASON BENNETT, Superintendent, 11 Stafford Creek Correctional Center,
12 Respondent. 13
14 1. INTRODUCTION 15 This matter comes before the Court on Petitioner Jeffrey Scott Ziegler’s 16 Motions for Relief from Judgment. Dkt. Nos. 22–32. After considering the motions, 17 the record, and the relevant law, the Court is fully informed and denies the motions 18 for the reasons below. 19 2. BACKGROUND 20 On November 1, 2024, the Court adopted the Report and Recommendation 21 (“R&R”) of Magistrate Judge Michelle L. Peterson, overruling Ziegler’s objections. 22 23 1 See Dkt. 18. The R&R recommended dismissing Ziegler’s Petition and this case for 2 failure to exhaust state court remedies. See Dkt. No. 9 at 2–3.
3 Ziegler objected to the R&R, see Dkt. Nos. 10 and 11, and so the Court 4 reviewed the record, the objections, and the objected-to portions of the R&R de novo. 5 See Dkt. No. 18. The Court made a de novo determination that the Petition should 6 be dismissed. Id. Since then, Ziegler has filed ten motions requesting relief from the 7 Court’s Order and Judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(4). Dkt. 8 Nos. 22–32.
9 3. DISCUSSION 10 Under Rule 60(b)(4), a final judgment is void “only if the court that 11 considered it lacked jurisdiction . . . or acted in a manner inconsistent with due 12 process.” United States v. Berke, 170 F.3d 882, 883 (9th Cir. 1999). Given its duty to 13 construe pro se pleadings liberally, the Court also construes Ziegler’s pending 14 motions as motions for relief under Rule 60(b)(6). See Bennett v. Bennett, Case No. 15 C24-0272-JLR, 2024 WL 3316438, at *2 (W.D. Wash. July 5, 2024) (citing Gonzalez
16 v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 524, 528 n.1 (2005) (finding the substance of the petitioner’s 17 motion made it clear that he requested relief under Rule 60(b)(6))). Rule 60(b)(6) 18 allows the district court to relieve a party from final judgment for any justifiable 19 reason. Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(6). But the party seeking relief under Rule 60(b)(6) 20 must show “extraordinary circumstances” that “justify the reopening of a final 21 judgment.” Bennett, 2024 WL 3316438, at *2 (quoting Gonzalez, 545 U.S. at 535
22 (internal quotes omitted)). 23 1 The Court considers and rejects Ziegler’s arguments, beginning with his 2 contention that the Court “violated the Magistrate’s Act and Habeas Rule 8(b) by
3 failing to conduct a de novo review” of various pleadings that he has filed in this 4 matter. See e.g., Dkt. No. 25 (arguing Court failed to review de novo Petitioner’s 5 “Motion to Waive Magistrate’s Report and Recommendation”). “The Federal 6 Magistrates Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 631–39, governs the jurisdiction and authority of 7 federal magistrates.” United States v. Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d 1114, 1118 (9th Cir. 8 2003). The Act expressly empowers magistrate judges to submit reports and
9 recommendations to district court judges on “applications for posttrial relief made 10 by individuals convicted of criminal offenses and of prisoner petitions challenging 11 conditions of confinement.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B). The Federal Magistrates Act 12 only requires a district court to review an R&R de novo when a party objects to the 13 R&R. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) (Courts must review de novo any “portions of the 14 [magistrate judge’s] report or specified proposed findings or recommendations to 15 which objection is made.”); see also Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d at 1121 (citing Peretz v.
16 United States, 501 U.S. 923, 937–939 (1991) (holding that de novo review is not 17 required unless requested)). 18 Contrary to Ziegler’s assertion, the law does not require the Court to review 19 his motions de novo. To be sure, the Court only needed to review de novo the 20 portions of the R&R to which he properly objected. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Reyna- 21 Tapia, 328 F.3d at 1121. The Court conducted a de novo review consistent with the
22 law. See United States v. Ramos, 65 F.4th 427, 434–35 (9th Cir. 2023) (holding that 23 so long as the district court reviews the R&R de novo, consistent with 28 U.S.C. 1 § 636(b), it has no obligation to provide an individualized analysis of each objection 2 to the R&R in its order) (collecting cases). Because the Court applied the correct
3 legal standard, Ziegler is not entitled to relief under Rule 60(b)(4) or (b)(6) on the 4 basis that the Court failed to review certain issues (or pleadings) de novo. 5 Ziegler also cites Rule 8(b) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases and 6 Section 2255 to support his argument. But that rule discusses evidentiary hearings 7 and is thus not helpful here. Similarly, Ziegler’s citations to Gomez v. United States, 8 490 U.S. 858 and Dawson v. Marshall, 561 F.3d 930 (9th Cir. 2009), see id., are not
9 persuasive, as these cases discuss the de novo review standard, which the Court 10 correctly applied. Accordingly, neither this precedent nor Rule 8(b) provide a reason 11 to relieve Ziegler from the Court’s judgment. 12 Next, Ziegler maintains that the Court “fail[ed] to apply Supreme Court 13 precedent in the determination of the Fourth Amendment.” See e.g., Dkt. No. 25 at 14 2. To support this argument, Ziegler cites Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362 (2000), 15 generally and without explanation. See e.g., id. Upon review, the precedent cited
16 does not contradict the Court’s process, findings, or conclusions in this 17 case. Accordingly, it does not provide a basis for relief under Rule 60(b)(4) or (b)(6). 18 In one motion, Ziegler cites Trest v. Cain, 522 U.S. 87 (1997) and contends 19 that the Court “violated the Magistrate’s Act and Habeas Rule 8(b) by asserting a 20 procedural defense not made by respondent.” Dkt. No. 30 at 1. In Trest, the 21 Supreme Court discussed the procedural default rule—an affirmative defense in
22 habeas cases. 522 U.S. at 89 (quoting Gray v. Netherland, 518 U.S. 152, 166 (1996)). 23 The Court understands Ziegler to argue that the Court relied on the procedural 1 default rule to dismiss his Petition. It did not. Rather, the Court applied the 2 longstanding rule that “a state prisoner’s federal habeas petition should be
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3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT TACOMA 7 JEFFREY SCOTT ZIEGLER, CASE NO. 3:24-cv-5381 8 Petitioner, ORDER DENYING MOTIONS FOR 9 RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT v. 10 JASON BENNETT, Superintendent, 11 Stafford Creek Correctional Center,
12 Respondent. 13
14 1. INTRODUCTION 15 This matter comes before the Court on Petitioner Jeffrey Scott Ziegler’s 16 Motions for Relief from Judgment. Dkt. Nos. 22–32. After considering the motions, 17 the record, and the relevant law, the Court is fully informed and denies the motions 18 for the reasons below. 19 2. BACKGROUND 20 On November 1, 2024, the Court adopted the Report and Recommendation 21 (“R&R”) of Magistrate Judge Michelle L. Peterson, overruling Ziegler’s objections. 22 23 1 See Dkt. 18. The R&R recommended dismissing Ziegler’s Petition and this case for 2 failure to exhaust state court remedies. See Dkt. No. 9 at 2–3.
3 Ziegler objected to the R&R, see Dkt. Nos. 10 and 11, and so the Court 4 reviewed the record, the objections, and the objected-to portions of the R&R de novo. 5 See Dkt. No. 18. The Court made a de novo determination that the Petition should 6 be dismissed. Id. Since then, Ziegler has filed ten motions requesting relief from the 7 Court’s Order and Judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(4). Dkt. 8 Nos. 22–32.
9 3. DISCUSSION 10 Under Rule 60(b)(4), a final judgment is void “only if the court that 11 considered it lacked jurisdiction . . . or acted in a manner inconsistent with due 12 process.” United States v. Berke, 170 F.3d 882, 883 (9th Cir. 1999). Given its duty to 13 construe pro se pleadings liberally, the Court also construes Ziegler’s pending 14 motions as motions for relief under Rule 60(b)(6). See Bennett v. Bennett, Case No. 15 C24-0272-JLR, 2024 WL 3316438, at *2 (W.D. Wash. July 5, 2024) (citing Gonzalez
16 v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 524, 528 n.1 (2005) (finding the substance of the petitioner’s 17 motion made it clear that he requested relief under Rule 60(b)(6))). Rule 60(b)(6) 18 allows the district court to relieve a party from final judgment for any justifiable 19 reason. Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(6). But the party seeking relief under Rule 60(b)(6) 20 must show “extraordinary circumstances” that “justify the reopening of a final 21 judgment.” Bennett, 2024 WL 3316438, at *2 (quoting Gonzalez, 545 U.S. at 535
22 (internal quotes omitted)). 23 1 The Court considers and rejects Ziegler’s arguments, beginning with his 2 contention that the Court “violated the Magistrate’s Act and Habeas Rule 8(b) by
3 failing to conduct a de novo review” of various pleadings that he has filed in this 4 matter. See e.g., Dkt. No. 25 (arguing Court failed to review de novo Petitioner’s 5 “Motion to Waive Magistrate’s Report and Recommendation”). “The Federal 6 Magistrates Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 631–39, governs the jurisdiction and authority of 7 federal magistrates.” United States v. Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d 1114, 1118 (9th Cir. 8 2003). The Act expressly empowers magistrate judges to submit reports and
9 recommendations to district court judges on “applications for posttrial relief made 10 by individuals convicted of criminal offenses and of prisoner petitions challenging 11 conditions of confinement.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B). The Federal Magistrates Act 12 only requires a district court to review an R&R de novo when a party objects to the 13 R&R. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) (Courts must review de novo any “portions of the 14 [magistrate judge’s] report or specified proposed findings or recommendations to 15 which objection is made.”); see also Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d at 1121 (citing Peretz v.
16 United States, 501 U.S. 923, 937–939 (1991) (holding that de novo review is not 17 required unless requested)). 18 Contrary to Ziegler’s assertion, the law does not require the Court to review 19 his motions de novo. To be sure, the Court only needed to review de novo the 20 portions of the R&R to which he properly objected. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Reyna- 21 Tapia, 328 F.3d at 1121. The Court conducted a de novo review consistent with the
22 law. See United States v. Ramos, 65 F.4th 427, 434–35 (9th Cir. 2023) (holding that 23 so long as the district court reviews the R&R de novo, consistent with 28 U.S.C. 1 § 636(b), it has no obligation to provide an individualized analysis of each objection 2 to the R&R in its order) (collecting cases). Because the Court applied the correct
3 legal standard, Ziegler is not entitled to relief under Rule 60(b)(4) or (b)(6) on the 4 basis that the Court failed to review certain issues (or pleadings) de novo. 5 Ziegler also cites Rule 8(b) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases and 6 Section 2255 to support his argument. But that rule discusses evidentiary hearings 7 and is thus not helpful here. Similarly, Ziegler’s citations to Gomez v. United States, 8 490 U.S. 858 and Dawson v. Marshall, 561 F.3d 930 (9th Cir. 2009), see id., are not
9 persuasive, as these cases discuss the de novo review standard, which the Court 10 correctly applied. Accordingly, neither this precedent nor Rule 8(b) provide a reason 11 to relieve Ziegler from the Court’s judgment. 12 Next, Ziegler maintains that the Court “fail[ed] to apply Supreme Court 13 precedent in the determination of the Fourth Amendment.” See e.g., Dkt. No. 25 at 14 2. To support this argument, Ziegler cites Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362 (2000), 15 generally and without explanation. See e.g., id. Upon review, the precedent cited
16 does not contradict the Court’s process, findings, or conclusions in this 17 case. Accordingly, it does not provide a basis for relief under Rule 60(b)(4) or (b)(6). 18 In one motion, Ziegler cites Trest v. Cain, 522 U.S. 87 (1997) and contends 19 that the Court “violated the Magistrate’s Act and Habeas Rule 8(b) by asserting a 20 procedural defense not made by respondent.” Dkt. No. 30 at 1. In Trest, the 21 Supreme Court discussed the procedural default rule—an affirmative defense in
22 habeas cases. 522 U.S. at 89 (quoting Gray v. Netherland, 518 U.S. 152, 166 (1996)). 23 The Court understands Ziegler to argue that the Court relied on the procedural 1 default rule to dismiss his Petition. It did not. Rather, the Court applied the 2 longstanding rule that “a state prisoner’s federal habeas petition should be
3 dismissed if the [petitioner] has not exhausted available state remedies as to any of 4 his federal claims.” Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 731 (1991); see also 28 5 U.S.C. § 2254(d); Rasberry v. Garcia, 448 F.3d 1150, 1154 (9th Cir. 2006) (“Once a 6 district court determines that a habeas petition contains only unexhausted claims, 7 it need not inquire further as to the petitioner’s intentions . . . . Instead, it may 8 simply dismiss the habeas petition for failure to exhaust.”).
9 Next, Ziegler argues that he filed his Petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 and 10 that the Court incorrectly “interpreted and recharacterized . . . [it] as a 11 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition” thereby subjecting him to “the restrictions of 28 U.S.C. § 12 2244(b).” Dkt. No. 27 at 1. But as Judge Peterson aptly reasoned, “28 U.S.C. § 2254 13 is the exclusive vehicle for a habeas petition by a state prisoner in custody pursuant 14 to a state court judgment[.]” Dkt. No. 8 at 2 (quoting White v. Lambert, 370 F.3d 15 1002, 1009–10 (9th Cir. 2004), overruled on other grounds by Hayward v. Marshall,
16 603 F.3d 546 (9th Cir. 2010) (en banc)). Thus, the Petition properly construed under 17 § 2254 rather than § 2241. 18 Ziegler also “requests an application of the analysis set forth in Ornelas v. 19 United States,” 517 U.S. 690 (1996), stating that it is “worthy of historical fact that 20 Petitioner filed a Motion Requesting Evidentiary Hearing, pursuant to Evidence 21 Rule 201(e), which received no consideration.” Dkt. No. 32 at 1. Upon review of
22 Ornelas, that case is inapplicable to the Court’s Order and Judgment from which 23 Ziegler seeks relief. 517 U.S. at 699 (“We therefore hold that as a general matter 1 determinations of reasonable suspicion and probable cause should be reviewed de 2 novo on appeal.”). And any argument that the Court needed to consider or hold an
3 evidentiary hearing at this stage of the proceedings is incorrect and unsupported. 4 See Yacom v. Allison, Case No. 1:21-cv-00187-NONE-HBK, 2021 WL 2142618, at *1 5 (E.D. Cal. May 26, 2021) (citing 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(2)(A)(ii); Rule 8(a) of the 6 Governing Section 2254 Cases) (“Evidentiary hearings are granted only under 7 limited circumstances in habeas proceedings[;] it is premature to hold an 8 evidentiary hearing” where there has been no response to the petition.)
9 Lastly, each motion requests a certificate of appealability. A habeas 10 petitioner must obtain a certificate of appealability to appeal the denial of a 11 Rule 60(b) motion. See United States v. Winkles, 795 F.3d 1134, 1143 (9th Cir. 12 2015). “A certificate of appealability should only issue on a denial of a Rule 60(b) 13 motion if ‘[1] jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court 14 abused its discretion in denying the Rule 60(b) motion and [2] jurists of reason 15 would find it debatable whether the underlying [habeas] motion states a valid claim
16 of the denial of a constitutional right.’” Dunsmore v. Harris, Case No.: 13-cv-1193- 17 GPC-PCL, 2022 WL 542541, at *1 (S.D. Cal. Feb. 22, 2022) (quoting Winkles, 795 18 F.3d at 1143)). As that standard is not met here, a certificate of appealability will 19 not issue. 20 4. CONCLUSION 21 Accordingly, the Court ORDERS that Ziegler’s Motions for Relief from
22 Judgment, Dkt. Nos. 22–32, are DENIED. The Court DENIES a certificate of 23 appealability. 1 9 Dated this 18th day of December, 2024.
3 fo 4 Jamal N. Whitehead United States District Judge 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23