Zettner v. Commissioner

1984 T.C. Memo. 463, 48 T.C.M. 981, 1984 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 210
CourtUnited States Tax Court
DecidedAugust 29, 1984
DocketDocket No. 24276-83.
StatusUnpublished

This text of 1984 T.C. Memo. 463 (Zettner v. Commissioner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Zettner v. Commissioner, 1984 T.C. Memo. 463, 48 T.C.M. 981, 1984 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 210 (tax 1984).

Opinion

CHARLES F. ZETTNER and JUDY J. ZETTNER, Petitioners, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent
Zettner v. Commissioner
Docket No. 24276-83.
United States Tax Court
T.C. Memo 1984-463; 1984 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 210; 48 T.C.M. (CCH) 981; T.C.M. (RIA) 84463;
August 29, 1984.
Charles F. Zettner, pro se.
Benjamin C. Sanchez,A. Chris Zimmermann and S. Clay Freed, for the respondent.

DRENNEN

MEMORANDUM FINDINGS OF FACT AND OPINION

DRENNEN, Judge: Respondent determined a deficiency of $5,716 in and in addition of $285.80 to petitioners' 1981 Federal income tax. The issues for decision are: (1) whether petitioners are entitled to deduct a "factors discount" in the amount of $22,895.05 in connection with a purported assignment of the personal services of Charles F. Zettner to a trust, and (2) whether petitioners are liable for the addition to tax for negligence or or intentional disregard of rules and regulations under section 6653(a). 1

FINDINGS OF*211 FACT

Some of the facts were stipulated orally at trial, and are so found.

Petitioners Charles F. and Judy J. Zettner resided in Nevada at the time they filed the petition herein. Petitioners filed a joint Federal income tax return for the year 1981. As the transactions at issue involved only the services and income of Charles, 2 we shall hereinafter refer to him as petitioner.

During 1981, petitioner was employed by Stauffer Chemical Company, and earned wages of $25,881.96. Judy Zettner was employed during 1981 by the Clark County School District, and earned wages of $9,448.24. Petitioners reported their combined wage income of $35,330.20 on their 1981 Federal income tax return.

Sometime during 1981, petitioner entered into an agreement with Professional and Technical Services Group (PTSG), according to which he purported to sell his lifetime services*212 to PTSG. Petitioner described PTSG as an "offshore trust organization," which was run by an attorney named Frank Forrester. Pursuant to this agreement, petitioner sent to PTSG by personal check a total of $22,895.05 during 1981. 3 Attached to petitioners' return is a "Personal Affidavit" executed by petitioner on February 2, 1982 which states that the $22,895.05 was "relinquished" to PTSG as its "earnings under our mutual contract by which my life services were sold for just consideration. . . ." Also attached to the return is a certificate from PTSG confirming the receipt of the same amount "upon duly pledged and purchased life services in account with Charles F. Zettner."

After sending the check or checks to PTSG, petitioner received weekly checks from International Dynamics, Inc. (Dynamics), which was an affiliate of PTSG. 4 Petitioner received back from Dynamics in 1981*213 the full $22,895.05 he paid to PTSG. Attached to petitioners' return is a document entitled "Confirmation of Factor's Discount in Purchase of Accounts receivable" purporting to confirm Dynamics' purchase from PTSG of accounts receivable on its personal services contract with petitioner.

During 1981 petitioner received all of his wages directly from Stauffer Chemical Co., and Deposited or cashed his paychecks before sending checks to PTSG. 5 Petitioner never performed personal services for either PTSG or Dynamics.

On line 20 of their 1981 Federal income tax return, which is designated "other income," petitioners claimed a deduction of $22,895.05 as a "factors discount."

OPINION

A fundamental principle of our tax system is that income must be taxed to the one who earns it. Commissioner v. Culbertson,337 U.S. 733, 739-740 (1949).*214 Contractual arrangements designed to circumvent this rule, by attempting to deflect income away from the one who earns it, will not be recognized for Federal income tax purposes. United States v. Basye,410 U.S. 441, 449-450 (1973); Lucas v. Earl,281 U.S. 111, 114-115 (1930).

This case is virtually identical to Benningfield v. Commissioner,81 T.C. 408 (1983), in which we rejected a similar "double trust" arrangemen involving Professional and Technical Services as "yet another device by which a taxpayer seeks to avoid paying income taxes on his earnings." 6 We concluded in that case: "We will not sanction this flagrant and abusive tax-avoidance scheme." Benningfield v. Commissioner,supra at 418. See also United States v. Landsberger,692 F.2d 501 (8th Cir. 1982)

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Related

Lucas v. Earl
281 U.S. 111 (Supreme Court, 1930)
Commissioner v. Culbertson
337 U.S. 733 (Supreme Court, 1949)
United States v. Basye
410 U.S. 441 (Supreme Court, 1973)
United States v. Gerald J. Landsberger
692 F.2d 501 (Eighth Circuit, 1982)
Hatfield v. Commissioner
68 T.C. 895 (U.S. Tax Court, 1977)
Wilkinson v. Commissioner
71 T.C. 633 (U.S. Tax Court, 1979)
Luman v. Commissioner
79 T.C. No. 54 (U.S. Tax Court, 1982)
Benningfield v. Commissioner
81 T.C. No. 27 (U.S. Tax Court, 1983)

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Bluebook (online)
1984 T.C. Memo. 463, 48 T.C.M. 981, 1984 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 210, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/zettner-v-commissioner-tax-1984.