1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 10 YELLOWCAKE, INC., et al., CASE NO. 1:20-CV-0981 AWI SKO
11 Plaintiffs ORDER ON DEFENDANTS’ MOTION 12 v. TO STRIKE AND PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO STRIKE 13 TRIWOLF MEDIA, LLC, et al.,
14 Defendants (Doc. Nos. 22, 28)
15 16 17 This is a copyright dispute. Currently before the Court are Defendant Triwolf Media, 18 LLC’s and Tango Multimedia Productions, LLC’s (collectively “T&T”) motion to strike under 19 Cal. Code Civ. P. § 425.16 (“Slapp Motion”)1 and Plaintiffs’ motion to strike T&Ts reply/notice 20 of non-opposition. 21 Background 22 On September 28, 2020, T&T filed an answer to the Complaint. 23 On October 2, 2020, T&T filed their Slapp Motion. 24 On October 19, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). 25 On November 2, 2020, T&T filed what is identified on the docket as a “reply” but that is 26 actually styled on the document itself as a notice of non-opposition. See Doc. No. 24. The notice 27 explained that Plaintiffs had failed to file an opposition to the Slapp Motion, the attempted filing 28 1 of the FAC was ineffective because Defendants Platino Records, Inc. and Alberto Mitchell had 2 filed answers to the complaint on September 8, 2020, and that Plaintiffs had voluntarily dismissed 3 two of the claims (money had and received and equitable estoppel) that were subject to the Slapp 4 Motion because they were not included in the FAC. T&T argues that it is entitled to attorneys’ 5 fees relating to the two dismissed claims. See id. 6 Also on November 2, 2020, T&T filed an answer to the FAC. 7 The Court took T&T’s motion to dismiss under submission on November 4, 2020. 8 On November 5, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a stipulation with Platino Records and Alberto 9 Mitchell under Rule 15 for the filing of the FAC. 10 On November 6, 2020, Plaintiffs filed their motion to strike T&T’s notice of non- 11 opposition. See Doc. No. 28. Plaintiffs argue that their FAC was filed as a matter of course under 12 Rule 15(a) because it was filed within 21 days of T&T’s answer and it supersedes the original 13 complaint. Plaintiffs argue that T&T’s notice of non-opposition should be stricken because it is 14 contrary to Plaintiffs’ actions under Rule 15(a). Further, Plaintiff argues that attorneys’ fees are 15 not appropriate because T&T is not a prevailing party and to grant fees is contrary to the policies 16 of Rule 15(a). Plaintiffs argue that the two district court cases cited by T&T in their notice of non- 17 opposition are inapposite and not controlling. 18 On November 9, 2020, the Magistrate Judge signed an order giving effect to the stipulation 19 between Plaintiffs and Platino Records and Mitchell. 20 No further filings have been made. 21 Discussion 22 After review, the Court concludes that the FAC was properly filed as a matter of right. 23 Under Rule 15(a)(1)(B), “A party may amend its pleading once as a matter of course: . . . (B) if the 24 pleading is one to which a responsible pleading is required, 21 days after service of a responsive 25 pleading . . . .” This rule confers upon a party a right to amend, the only limitations being those 26 found within Rule 15(a)(1) itself. Ramirez v. County of San Bernardino, 806 F.3d 1002, 1007-08 27 (9th Cir. 2015). Some courts have used the term “absolute right” in describing a party’s ability to 28 amend under Rule 15(a)(1). E.g. In re Alfes, 709 F.3d 631, 639 (6th Cir. 2013); Galustian v. 1 Peter, 591 F.3d 724, 730 (4th Cir. 2010); James Hurson Assocs., Inc. v. Glickman, 229 F.3d 277, 2 282-83 (D.C. Cir. 2000). “[A]n amended complaint supersedes the original, the latter being 3 treated thereafter as non-existent” and as no longer performing any function in the case. Ramirez, 4 806 F.3d at 1008; see also Hal Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard Feiner & Co., 896 F.2d 1542, 1546 5 (9th Cir. 1989). 6 Here, Plaintiffs filed their FAC on the twenty-first day after T&T filed their answer. 7 Therefore, the FAC was timely under Rule 15(a)(1)(B) with respect T&T.2 Because the FAC was 8 timely filed, the FAC is the operative complaint, and the original complaint is now non-existent 9 and performs no function in this case as to T&T.3 See id. Because T&T’s Slapp motion is 10 attacking a now non-existent complaint, the Slapp motion is moot. See Ramirez, 806 F.3d at 11 1008; Hal Roach Studios, 896 F.2d at 1546. 12 As for T&T’s notice of non-opposition, there are two issue that need to be addressed: 13 attorneys’ fees and the propriety of the filing. 14 First, the Court will not grant attorneys’ fees or costs in favor of T&T. It is true that 15 through their omission from the FAC, Plaintiffs are no longer proceedings on two of the seven 16 claims that were the subject of T&T’s Slapp motion. See Canal Ins. Co. v. Coleman, 625 F.3d 17 244, 246 n.2 (5th Cir. 2010) (declining to address arguments regarding an insurance policy 18 because the policy hand not been included in an amended complaint and “were no longer a part of 19 this lawsuit.”); cf. Lacey v. Maricopa Cnty, 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th Cir. 2012) (en banc) (“But for 20 any claims voluntarily dismissed, we will consider those claims to be waived if not repled.”). 21 However, the Court has not actually addressed the merits of Defendants’ Slapp motion and it 22 never will because that motion pertains solely to a non-existent complaint. Moreover, T&T has 23 2 The fact that the FAC was filed more than twenty-one days with respect to Platino Records and Mitchell’s answer 24 does not affect the ability of Plaintiffs to amend as a matter of course with respect to claims and allegations involving T&T. “[I]f the case has more than one defendant, and not all have filed responsive pleadings, the plaintiff may amend 25 the complaint as a matter of course with regard to those defendants that have yet to answer.” Williams v. Board of Regents of Univs Sys. of Ga., 477 F.3d 1218, 1291 (11th Cir. 2007); see also Boyd v. Santa Cruz, 2015 U.S. Dist. 26 LEXIS 71340, *11 (N.D. Cal. June 1, 2015); Ramirez v. Silgan Containers, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 34825, *10 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 26, 2007). 27 3 Because Platino Records consented to the filing of the FAC through a stipulation that has been approved by the 28 Magistrate Judge, the FAC is now operative against Platino Records and Mitchell. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). 1 cited no cases that are in a sufficiently comparable procedural posture.4 The key is Rule 2 15(a)(1)(B). That rule provides a right for Plaintiffs to amend their complaint. The only 3 applicable limitations to a party exercising that right are the time limitations found in the rule 4 itself. See Ramirez, 806 F.3d at 1007-08. Nothing in Rule 15 addresses the effect of a Slapp 5 motion filed in between an answer and a timely amended complaint. The Ninth Circuit has 6 warned against permitting Cal. Code Civ. P. § 425.16 to collide with Rule 15(a)’s policy of liberal 7 amendment.5 See Verizon Delaware, Inc. v. Covad Communications Co., 377 F.3d 1081, 1091 8 (9th Cir. 2004).
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 10 YELLOWCAKE, INC., et al., CASE NO. 1:20-CV-0981 AWI SKO
11 Plaintiffs ORDER ON DEFENDANTS’ MOTION 12 v. TO STRIKE AND PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO STRIKE 13 TRIWOLF MEDIA, LLC, et al.,
14 Defendants (Doc. Nos. 22, 28)
15 16 17 This is a copyright dispute. Currently before the Court are Defendant Triwolf Media, 18 LLC’s and Tango Multimedia Productions, LLC’s (collectively “T&T”) motion to strike under 19 Cal. Code Civ. P. § 425.16 (“Slapp Motion”)1 and Plaintiffs’ motion to strike T&Ts reply/notice 20 of non-opposition. 21 Background 22 On September 28, 2020, T&T filed an answer to the Complaint. 23 On October 2, 2020, T&T filed their Slapp Motion. 24 On October 19, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). 25 On November 2, 2020, T&T filed what is identified on the docket as a “reply” but that is 26 actually styled on the document itself as a notice of non-opposition. See Doc. No. 24. The notice 27 explained that Plaintiffs had failed to file an opposition to the Slapp Motion, the attempted filing 28 1 of the FAC was ineffective because Defendants Platino Records, Inc. and Alberto Mitchell had 2 filed answers to the complaint on September 8, 2020, and that Plaintiffs had voluntarily dismissed 3 two of the claims (money had and received and equitable estoppel) that were subject to the Slapp 4 Motion because they were not included in the FAC. T&T argues that it is entitled to attorneys’ 5 fees relating to the two dismissed claims. See id. 6 Also on November 2, 2020, T&T filed an answer to the FAC. 7 The Court took T&T’s motion to dismiss under submission on November 4, 2020. 8 On November 5, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a stipulation with Platino Records and Alberto 9 Mitchell under Rule 15 for the filing of the FAC. 10 On November 6, 2020, Plaintiffs filed their motion to strike T&T’s notice of non- 11 opposition. See Doc. No. 28. Plaintiffs argue that their FAC was filed as a matter of course under 12 Rule 15(a) because it was filed within 21 days of T&T’s answer and it supersedes the original 13 complaint. Plaintiffs argue that T&T’s notice of non-opposition should be stricken because it is 14 contrary to Plaintiffs’ actions under Rule 15(a). Further, Plaintiff argues that attorneys’ fees are 15 not appropriate because T&T is not a prevailing party and to grant fees is contrary to the policies 16 of Rule 15(a). Plaintiffs argue that the two district court cases cited by T&T in their notice of non- 17 opposition are inapposite and not controlling. 18 On November 9, 2020, the Magistrate Judge signed an order giving effect to the stipulation 19 between Plaintiffs and Platino Records and Mitchell. 20 No further filings have been made. 21 Discussion 22 After review, the Court concludes that the FAC was properly filed as a matter of right. 23 Under Rule 15(a)(1)(B), “A party may amend its pleading once as a matter of course: . . . (B) if the 24 pleading is one to which a responsible pleading is required, 21 days after service of a responsive 25 pleading . . . .” This rule confers upon a party a right to amend, the only limitations being those 26 found within Rule 15(a)(1) itself. Ramirez v. County of San Bernardino, 806 F.3d 1002, 1007-08 27 (9th Cir. 2015). Some courts have used the term “absolute right” in describing a party’s ability to 28 amend under Rule 15(a)(1). E.g. In re Alfes, 709 F.3d 631, 639 (6th Cir. 2013); Galustian v. 1 Peter, 591 F.3d 724, 730 (4th Cir. 2010); James Hurson Assocs., Inc. v. Glickman, 229 F.3d 277, 2 282-83 (D.C. Cir. 2000). “[A]n amended complaint supersedes the original, the latter being 3 treated thereafter as non-existent” and as no longer performing any function in the case. Ramirez, 4 806 F.3d at 1008; see also Hal Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard Feiner & Co., 896 F.2d 1542, 1546 5 (9th Cir. 1989). 6 Here, Plaintiffs filed their FAC on the twenty-first day after T&T filed their answer. 7 Therefore, the FAC was timely under Rule 15(a)(1)(B) with respect T&T.2 Because the FAC was 8 timely filed, the FAC is the operative complaint, and the original complaint is now non-existent 9 and performs no function in this case as to T&T.3 See id. Because T&T’s Slapp motion is 10 attacking a now non-existent complaint, the Slapp motion is moot. See Ramirez, 806 F.3d at 11 1008; Hal Roach Studios, 896 F.2d at 1546. 12 As for T&T’s notice of non-opposition, there are two issue that need to be addressed: 13 attorneys’ fees and the propriety of the filing. 14 First, the Court will not grant attorneys’ fees or costs in favor of T&T. It is true that 15 through their omission from the FAC, Plaintiffs are no longer proceedings on two of the seven 16 claims that were the subject of T&T’s Slapp motion. See Canal Ins. Co. v. Coleman, 625 F.3d 17 244, 246 n.2 (5th Cir. 2010) (declining to address arguments regarding an insurance policy 18 because the policy hand not been included in an amended complaint and “were no longer a part of 19 this lawsuit.”); cf. Lacey v. Maricopa Cnty, 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th Cir. 2012) (en banc) (“But for 20 any claims voluntarily dismissed, we will consider those claims to be waived if not repled.”). 21 However, the Court has not actually addressed the merits of Defendants’ Slapp motion and it 22 never will because that motion pertains solely to a non-existent complaint. Moreover, T&T has 23 2 The fact that the FAC was filed more than twenty-one days with respect to Platino Records and Mitchell’s answer 24 does not affect the ability of Plaintiffs to amend as a matter of course with respect to claims and allegations involving T&T. “[I]f the case has more than one defendant, and not all have filed responsive pleadings, the plaintiff may amend 25 the complaint as a matter of course with regard to those defendants that have yet to answer.” Williams v. Board of Regents of Univs Sys. of Ga., 477 F.3d 1218, 1291 (11th Cir. 2007); see also Boyd v. Santa Cruz, 2015 U.S. Dist. 26 LEXIS 71340, *11 (N.D. Cal. June 1, 2015); Ramirez v. Silgan Containers, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 34825, *10 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 26, 2007). 27 3 Because Platino Records consented to the filing of the FAC through a stipulation that has been approved by the 28 Magistrate Judge, the FAC is now operative against Platino Records and Mitchell. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). 1 cited no cases that are in a sufficiently comparable procedural posture.4 The key is Rule 2 15(a)(1)(B). That rule provides a right for Plaintiffs to amend their complaint. The only 3 applicable limitations to a party exercising that right are the time limitations found in the rule 4 itself. See Ramirez, 806 F.3d at 1007-08. Nothing in Rule 15 addresses the effect of a Slapp 5 motion filed in between an answer and a timely amended complaint. The Ninth Circuit has 6 warned against permitting Cal. Code Civ. P. § 425.16 to collide with Rule 15(a)’s policy of liberal 7 amendment.5 See Verizon Delaware, Inc. v. Covad Communications Co., 377 F.3d 1081, 1091 8 (9th Cir. 2004). Permitting T&T to recover fees and costs simply because Plaintiffs exercised 9 their right under Rule 15(a)(1)(B) would effectively place a limitation and penalty on the exercise 10 of a right that is often viewed as “absolute.” The Court sees very little difference between the 11 improper collision in Verizon Delaware and the collision with Rule 15(a)(1)(B) in this case. 12 Because of the language of Rule 15(a)(1)(B) and the liberal policies embedded with Rule 15(a), 13 and in the absence of any on point contrary authority cited by T&T, the Court will not award 14 attorneys’ fees and costs to T&T. Cf. id. 15 Second, the Court disagrees with the substance of T&T’s notice of non-opposition. The 16 notice is literally true in part because Plaintiffs did not file an opposition to T&T’s Slapp motion. 17 The notice goes beyond a mere notice, however, by arguing that the FAC is ineffective and that 18 T&T is entitled to attorneys’ fees. Nevertheless, the Court has rejected both of those arguments 19 through this order. Merely because the Plaintiffs disagree with the legal arguments and positions 20 raised in the notice is not a sufficient basis to strike it. It is enough that the Court is rejecting 21 T&T’s arguments. Plaintiffs’ request to strike the notice of non-opposition will be denied. 22 // 23 // 24
25 4 T&T has cited eCash Techs., Inc. v. Guagliardo, 127 F.Supp.2d 1069 (C.D. Cal. 2000) and Complex Media, Inc. v. X17, Inc., 2019 WL 2896117 (C.D. Cal. 2019). Neither eCash Techs. nor Complex Media involved amendments 26 under Rule 15(a)(1)(B). Further, as district court cases, eCash Techs. and Complex Media are only persuasive authority, they are not binding. 27 5 Verizon Delaware does not expressly address or specifically cite to Rule 15(a)(1) or Rule 15(a)(2), but the “liberal 28 amendment” language used in Verizon Delaware is generally associated with Rule 15(a)(2). E.g. Brown v. Stored 1 ORDER 2 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 3] 1. Defendants’ Cal. Code of Civ. P. § 425.16 motion to strike (Doc. No. 22) is DENIED as 4 moot; 5} 2. Defendants’ request for attorneys’ fees and costs as requested in Doc. No. 24 is DENIED; 6 and 3. Plaintiffs’ request to strike Defendants’ reply/notice of non-opposition (Doc. No. 28) is 8 DENIED. 9 10 IT IS SO ORDERED. □□ 11 | Dated: _November 16, 2020 ZS Cb □□ SENIOR DISTRICT JUDGE 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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