Yarbrough v. State

911 So. 2d 951, 2005 WL 2298263
CourtMississippi Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 22, 2005
Docket2004-KA-00540-SCT
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 911 So. 2d 951 (Yarbrough v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Mississippi Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Yarbrough v. State, 911 So. 2d 951, 2005 WL 2298263 (Mich. 2005).

Opinion

911 So.2d 951 (2005)

Robert L. YARBROUGH
v.
STATE of Mississippi.

No. 2004-KA-00540-SCT.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

September 22, 2005.

*953 Rodney A. Ray, for appellant.

Office of the Attorney General by Deirdre McCrory, for appellee.

Before COBB, P.J., CARLSON and GRAVES, JJ.

GRAVES, Justice, for the Court.

¶ 1. Robert L. Yarbrough was convicted of the sale of cocaine, in violation of Miss.Code Ann. § 41-29-139(a)(1) (Rev.2001). The trial judge sentenced Yarbrough to a term of eighteen years' imprisonment in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Yarbrough timely appealed and charges the trial court with two errors. We affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶ 2. On March 11, 2002, Jamie Bozeman, a confidential informant for the Tri-County Narcotics Task Force, met with narcotics agents Don Bartlett and Patrick Evans to arrange an undercover drug buy. After this meeting, Bozeman went to the residence of Robert L. Yarbrough, located in the Linwood community of Neshoba County, and purchased cocaine from him for $160, $40 for a rock of crack cocaine and $120 for powdered cocaine. Yarbrough was later arrested and then indicted on November 8, 2002, by the grand jury of Neshoba County for violating Miss.Code Ann. § 41-29-139(a)(1).[1]

¶ 3. Trial of this matter was scheduled to begin on March 8, 2004. At this time Yarbrough presented a motion to dismiss the indictment, or in the alternative, to continue the case until a jury consisting of a "reasonably sufficient number of members of the black race" could be empaneled. The judge held a brief hearing on the motion but ultimately denied the motion. The State opened its case the following day. Jamie Bozeman testified that he purchased the cocaine from Yarbrough and made an in-court identification of him as the seller. Agent Patrick Ervin also offered testimony as to the drug purchase made by Bozeman. Ervin, in response to a question regarding a pre-buy meeting with Bozeman, stated that "we had talked to Mr. Bozeman about possibly who he could buy illegal drugs from. He mentioned the name of Robert Yarbrough, which he called him by Peanut, which we knew of him through all our activity that we did here in the city." Yarbrough's counsel objected and moved for a mistrial based on this statement. The judge sustained Yarbrough's objection, instructed the jury to disregard the previous statement, and allowed the trial to continue.

¶ 4. The trial concluded that day, and the jury unanimously found Yarbrough guilty. Two days later, the judge sentenced him to eighteen years' imprisonment with the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Yarbrough's motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV), or in the alternative, for a new trial, was denied. He then filed his timely notice of appeal. On appeal, Yarbrough alleges that: (1) he was denied a fair trial based on the fact that the jurors did not represent a fair cross-section of the population of Neshoba County, Mississippi; and (2) the trial court erred in refused to grant a mistrial based on the testimony of Patrick Ervin. Finding no error, we affirm.

*954 DISCUSSION

I. Whether Yarbrough was denied a fair trial since the jurors did not represent a fair cross-section of the population of Neshoba County.

¶ 5. The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution[2] entitles a defendant to a presumption of innocence until he is found guilty by an "impartial jury." Mississippi insures this right through both statutory and case law. Miss.Code Ann. § 13-5-2 (Rev.2002) states:

It is the policy of this state that all persons selected for jury service be selected at random from a fair cross section of the population of the area served by the court, and that all qualified citizens have the opportunity in accordance with this chapter to be considered for jury service in this state and an obligation to serve as jurors when summoned for that purpose. A citizen shall not be excluded from jury service in this state on account of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or economic status.

This statutory policy has been reinforced by this Court, through its position that "courts must make every reasonable effort to comply with the statutory method of drawing, selecting and serving jurors" to keep the jury system "untainted and beyond suspicion." Avery v. State, 555 So.2d 1039, 1044 (Miss.1990), overruled on other grounds, Mayfield v. State, 612 So.2d 1120, 1129 (Miss.1992).

¶ 6. Yarbrough argues that, despite these mandates of law, he was denied an impartial jury drawn from a representative cross-section of his community. The motion he presented at trial alleged that less than 2% of the approximately seventy-two people on the six jury panels were members of the black race. His counsel asserted that at least 40% of the residents of Neshoba County were black and that Yarbrough could not "get a fair trial unless he has some black people on the jury, at least in equal proportion to the county."[3] Robert Brooks, an attorney for the State, responded by saying that nine of the forty-four jurors on the four panels before the court were black and that this was a higher percentage of black jurors than Yarbrough alleged.[4] Additionally, Brooks defended the venire by arguing that the proper question was not who is on the panels but rather the methods used for drawing the jurors.

¶ 7. In Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 99 S.Ct. 664, 58 L.Ed.2d 579 (1979), the United States Supreme Court set forth the test for determining whether there has been a prima facie violation of the fair cross-section requirement. The Duren Court ruled a Missouri statute, which exempted all women from jury duty during *955 the process of jury selection if they requested the exemption, unconstitutional because the exemption unnecessarily diluted women from the jury pool, a violation the fair cross-section requirement of the Sixth Amendment. Id. at 370, 99 S.Ct. 664. The test from Duren requires a defendant to show: (1) that the group alleged to be excluded is a "distinctive" group in the community; (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that this under representation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury selection process. Id. at 364, 99 S.Ct. 664. The Duren test has also been adopted by this Court. See Kolberg v. State, 829 So.2d 29, 86 (Miss.2002); Lanier v. State, 533 So.2d 473, 477 (Miss.1988).

¶ 8. Yarbrough contends that he has established all three elements necessary to prove a prima facie violation of the fair cross-section requirement, as articulated in Duren. He claims the first element is established because the black population of Neshoba County, the group alleged to be excluded, constitutes a distinctive group within the county. As the State has offered no argument on this point, we find that the State has conceded this element as being established.

¶ 9.

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911 So. 2d 951, 2005 WL 2298263, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/yarbrough-v-state-miss-2005.