MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jul 29 2020, 11:34 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Kyle D. Gobel Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Collier Gobel Homann, LLC Attorney General of Indiana Crawfordsville, Indiana Ian McLean Supervising Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Yancey Shane Crews, July 29, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 20A-CR-207 v. Appeal from the Montgomery Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Harry A. Siamas, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 54C01-1906-F3-1713
Najam, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 1 of 8 Statement of the Case [1] Yancey Shane Crews appeals his convictions, following a jury trial, for one
count of dealing in methamphetamine, as a Level 3 felony; three counts of
dealing in methamphetamine, as Level 4 felonies; two counts of dealing in
methamphetamine, as Level 5 felonies; and for being a habitual offender.
Crews raises four issues for our review, which we restate as the following two
issues:
1. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it denied a motion to continue filed by Crews’s counsel one week before the scheduled jury trial.
2. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it overruled Crews’s chain-of-custody objection to the admission of the State’s drug evidence.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] Between February and April of 2019, Crawfordsville Police Department
Detective Kurt Knecht executed six controlled buys of methamphetamine from
Crews at Crews’s residence. In each controlled buy, Detective Knecht used the
same informant, Jordan Sparrow, and followed substantially similar
procedures. The six buys resulted in Crews selling a cumulative total of 18.39
grams of methamphetamine.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 2 of 8 [4] The State charged Crews with one count of dealing in methamphetamine, as a
Level 3 felony; three counts of dealing in methamphetamine, as Level 4
felonies; two counts of dealing in methamphetamine, as Level 5 felonies; and
with being a habitual offender. At his initial hearing on August 28, Crews, pro
se, requested a speedy trial. The court granted his request and set the trial date
for October 29. The court also appointed a public defender to represent Crews.
Crews’s appointed counsel entered his appearance that same day.
[5] On October 21, the State served Crews with additional discovery, namely,
jailhouse recordings of conversations Crews had had with others. Crews filed a
motion to continue his jury trial that same day “to allow additional time to
complete [d]iscovery, investigate this matter, prepare adequate defenses[,] and
determine if depositions need to be taken.” Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 25.
Crews further noted that he had “just received 6 new discs” from the State and
he “need[ed] time to review” them. Id. at 25-26.
[6] The court held a hearing on the motion to continue a few days later. At that
hearing, the State noted that it sent the new discs to Crews as soon as the State
received them from the local sheriff, and that each disc contained not more than
fifteen minutes of recorded conversation. The trial court then denied Crews’s
motion, noting that Crews’s attorney had had “sufficient time” to prepare the
case; that if he “felt that the speedy trial was not in [Crews’s] best interest a
motion to continue should have been filed previous to a couple days ago”; that
the court could “see no reason why there [wa]s not adequate time to prepare”
as “[t]his is a fairly straightforward case”; that there was no guarantee that the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 3 of 8 State’s additional discovery would be admitted at trial; and that the court was
disinclined to grant the motion so close to the trial date and after the court had
issued the summons to prospective jurors. Tr. Vol. II at 12.
[7] At Crews’s ensuing jury trial, 1 Detective Knecht and Sparrow both testified
about each of the controlled buys. Detective Knecht also testified as to his
procedures for submitting seized substances to the Indiana State Police
Laboratory. In particular, he testified that he personally sealed the contraband
in a bag, signed the seal, and delivered the contraband to the State Police
Laboratory in Indianapolis. He further testified that, once the lab tests for each
seizure were completed, he personally retook possession of the contraband from
the lab and had exclusive and continuous custody of the contraband until the
trial.
[8] The State also called Indiana State Police Laboratory forensic scientist
Kasondra Montgomery. Montgomery testified that she personally received,
opened, tested, and then resealed the contraband seized from each of the six
drug buys. She noted that, in the interim between Detective Knecht dropping
off the contraband and her testing it, the contraband had been moved to a
separate laboratory in Lowell before being transferred back to Indianapolis.
She then testified that, for each buy, the substance purchased was
1 Crews renewed his motion to continue at the commencement of his trial, which the court denied.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 4 of 8 methamphetamine. She also testified to the weight of the methamphetamine
purchased at each buy.
[9] When the State moved to admit Montgomery’s test results, Crews objected as
follows: “I don’t believe there has been a foundation for the chain of custody.
This witness has testified they went to two different labs and we’ve not heard
how they got there and back . . . .” Tr. Vol. III at 40. The parties then further
examined Montgomery, who testified that the Indianapolis lab received the
contraband in a sealed condition, an evidence clerk from the Lowell lab picked
up the contraband and transported it to a secure evidence vault at that lab
before returning the evidence to the Indianapolis lab, that the contraband
remained sealed when Montgomery examined it, and that there was no
evidence of tampering with the seal at the time she conducted her examination.
The trial court then overruled Crews’s chain-of-custody objection.
[10] The jury found Crews guilty as charged. The court entered its judgment of
conviction and sentenced Crews accordingly. This appeal ensued.
Discussion and Decision Issue One: The Trial Court’s Denial of the Motion to Continue
[11] On appeal, Crews first asserts that the trial court abused its discretion when it
denied his motion to continue the jury trial. The decision to grant or deny a
continuance is generally within the trial court’s discretion. See Blackburn v.
State, 130 N.E.3d 1207, 1210 (Ind. Ct. App. 2019). Decisions on motions made
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 5 of 8 at the court’s discretion are given substantial deference. Id. There is always a
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jul 29 2020, 11:34 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Kyle D. Gobel Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Collier Gobel Homann, LLC Attorney General of Indiana Crawfordsville, Indiana Ian McLean Supervising Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Yancey Shane Crews, July 29, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 20A-CR-207 v. Appeal from the Montgomery Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Harry A. Siamas, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 54C01-1906-F3-1713
Najam, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 1 of 8 Statement of the Case [1] Yancey Shane Crews appeals his convictions, following a jury trial, for one
count of dealing in methamphetamine, as a Level 3 felony; three counts of
dealing in methamphetamine, as Level 4 felonies; two counts of dealing in
methamphetamine, as Level 5 felonies; and for being a habitual offender.
Crews raises four issues for our review, which we restate as the following two
issues:
1. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it denied a motion to continue filed by Crews’s counsel one week before the scheduled jury trial.
2. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it overruled Crews’s chain-of-custody objection to the admission of the State’s drug evidence.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [3] Between February and April of 2019, Crawfordsville Police Department
Detective Kurt Knecht executed six controlled buys of methamphetamine from
Crews at Crews’s residence. In each controlled buy, Detective Knecht used the
same informant, Jordan Sparrow, and followed substantially similar
procedures. The six buys resulted in Crews selling a cumulative total of 18.39
grams of methamphetamine.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 2 of 8 [4] The State charged Crews with one count of dealing in methamphetamine, as a
Level 3 felony; three counts of dealing in methamphetamine, as Level 4
felonies; two counts of dealing in methamphetamine, as Level 5 felonies; and
with being a habitual offender. At his initial hearing on August 28, Crews, pro
se, requested a speedy trial. The court granted his request and set the trial date
for October 29. The court also appointed a public defender to represent Crews.
Crews’s appointed counsel entered his appearance that same day.
[5] On October 21, the State served Crews with additional discovery, namely,
jailhouse recordings of conversations Crews had had with others. Crews filed a
motion to continue his jury trial that same day “to allow additional time to
complete [d]iscovery, investigate this matter, prepare adequate defenses[,] and
determine if depositions need to be taken.” Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 25.
Crews further noted that he had “just received 6 new discs” from the State and
he “need[ed] time to review” them. Id. at 25-26.
[6] The court held a hearing on the motion to continue a few days later. At that
hearing, the State noted that it sent the new discs to Crews as soon as the State
received them from the local sheriff, and that each disc contained not more than
fifteen minutes of recorded conversation. The trial court then denied Crews’s
motion, noting that Crews’s attorney had had “sufficient time” to prepare the
case; that if he “felt that the speedy trial was not in [Crews’s] best interest a
motion to continue should have been filed previous to a couple days ago”; that
the court could “see no reason why there [wa]s not adequate time to prepare”
as “[t]his is a fairly straightforward case”; that there was no guarantee that the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 3 of 8 State’s additional discovery would be admitted at trial; and that the court was
disinclined to grant the motion so close to the trial date and after the court had
issued the summons to prospective jurors. Tr. Vol. II at 12.
[7] At Crews’s ensuing jury trial, 1 Detective Knecht and Sparrow both testified
about each of the controlled buys. Detective Knecht also testified as to his
procedures for submitting seized substances to the Indiana State Police
Laboratory. In particular, he testified that he personally sealed the contraband
in a bag, signed the seal, and delivered the contraband to the State Police
Laboratory in Indianapolis. He further testified that, once the lab tests for each
seizure were completed, he personally retook possession of the contraband from
the lab and had exclusive and continuous custody of the contraband until the
trial.
[8] The State also called Indiana State Police Laboratory forensic scientist
Kasondra Montgomery. Montgomery testified that she personally received,
opened, tested, and then resealed the contraband seized from each of the six
drug buys. She noted that, in the interim between Detective Knecht dropping
off the contraband and her testing it, the contraband had been moved to a
separate laboratory in Lowell before being transferred back to Indianapolis.
She then testified that, for each buy, the substance purchased was
1 Crews renewed his motion to continue at the commencement of his trial, which the court denied.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 4 of 8 methamphetamine. She also testified to the weight of the methamphetamine
purchased at each buy.
[9] When the State moved to admit Montgomery’s test results, Crews objected as
follows: “I don’t believe there has been a foundation for the chain of custody.
This witness has testified they went to two different labs and we’ve not heard
how they got there and back . . . .” Tr. Vol. III at 40. The parties then further
examined Montgomery, who testified that the Indianapolis lab received the
contraband in a sealed condition, an evidence clerk from the Lowell lab picked
up the contraband and transported it to a secure evidence vault at that lab
before returning the evidence to the Indianapolis lab, that the contraband
remained sealed when Montgomery examined it, and that there was no
evidence of tampering with the seal at the time she conducted her examination.
The trial court then overruled Crews’s chain-of-custody objection.
[10] The jury found Crews guilty as charged. The court entered its judgment of
conviction and sentenced Crews accordingly. This appeal ensued.
Discussion and Decision Issue One: The Trial Court’s Denial of the Motion to Continue
[11] On appeal, Crews first asserts that the trial court abused its discretion when it
denied his motion to continue the jury trial. The decision to grant or deny a
continuance is generally within the trial court’s discretion. See Blackburn v.
State, 130 N.E.3d 1207, 1210 (Ind. Ct. App. 2019). Decisions on motions made
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 5 of 8 at the court’s discretion are given substantial deference. Id. There is always a
strong presumption that the trial court properly exercised its discretion. Id. We
will not disturb the trial court’s decision absent a clear demonstration of abuse
of discretion resulting in prejudice. Id. Continuances “for preparation are not
favored.” Vance v. State, 640 N.E.2d 51, 55 (Ind. 1994).
[12] Crews asserts that the court’s concern about delaying a jury trial after it had
sent the summons to prospective jurors is not a sufficient basis to deny his
request to continue. He also asserts that the court abused its discretion as there
was no dispute that he had yet to review the six newly discovered discs of
jailhouse conversations. And he states that he was entitled to the motion in
order to further prepare his defense or attempt to reach an agreement with the
State.
[13] But we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion. While we have
reservations about denying a motion to continue simply because the summons
to prospective jurors has been sent, that was not the sole basis for the court’s
decision here. Rather, in addition, the trial court concluded that Crews’s
counsel, who filed his appearance on the date of Crews’s initial hearing more
than seven weeks prior to the motion, had had ample time to prepare for a
“fairly straightforward” case, and nothing in Crews’s argument on appeal
persuades us otherwise. Tr. Vol. II at 12.
[14] Similarly, Crews does not demonstrate that he had inadequate time to review
the six discs of recorded conversations Crews had while in jail. The State
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 6 of 8 asserted to the trial court, and Crews does not suggest otherwise on appeal, that
each disc contained about fifteen minutes of recording, and the prosecutor was
able to review the entirety of the recordings and have notes prepared in two
hours. Crews had the discs for a week prior to trial. Continuances for
preparation are not favored, and we cannot say that the trial court abused its
discretion when it denied Crews’s motion to continue.
Issue Two: The Trial Court’s Rejection of Crews’s Chain-of-Custody Objection
[15] Crews also asserts on appeal that the trial court abused its discretion when it
admitted Montgomery’s lab results as an insufficient chain of custody had not
been established. We review the trial court’s admission of evidence for an
abuse of discretion. Snow v. State, 77 N.E.3d 173, 177 (Ind. 2017).
[16] Chain of custody requires the State to give “reasonable assurances that the
evidence remained in an undisturbed condition as it passed through various
hands.” Williams v. State, 64 N.E.3d 221, 223 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016). “The State
need not establish a perfect chain of custody, and once the State strongly
suggests the exact whereabouts of the evidence, any gaps go to the weight of the
evidence and not to its admissibility.” Id.
[17] According to Crews, the State failed to establish a sufficient chain of custody of
the contraband because Montgomery did not have personal knowledge that it
had been transported from the Indianapolis lab to the Lowell lab and back. But
we cannot say the trial court abused its discretion. Detective Knecht testified
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 7 of 8 that he personally sealed the contraband in various bags, signed the seals, and
delivered the contraband to the State Police Laboratory in Indianapolis.
Montgomery testified that she retrieved the contraband in its sealed condition at
that lab and that there was no indication that the contraband had been
tampered with at the time she evaluated it. The transportation of the
contraband to and from the Lowell lab in the interim did not negate the State’s
chain of custody but, at best, went to the weight of the evidence. Accordingly,
we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion when it overruled Crew’s
objection. 2
Conclusion [18] In sum, we affirm Crews’s convictions.
[19] Affirmed.
Bradford, C.J., and Mathias, J., concur.
2 In challenging the admission of the evidence establishing the identity and weight of the methamphetamine, Crews also raises two claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel. These claims merely represent a continuation of his claim that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the challenged evidence. However, to the extent that Crews’s claims can be read as independent from his claim that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the challenged evidence, Crews’s ineffective-assistance claims fail as he has not established that his trial counsel rendered deficient performance by failing to object to the admission of the evidence. See State v. Green, 16 N.E.3d 416, 419 (Ind. 2014) (providing that failure to demonstrate both deficient performance and prejudice is fatal to an ineffective-assistance claim).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-207 | July 29, 2020 Page 8 of 8