OPINION
ROTH, Circuit Judge:
Xue Zeng Li seeks judicial review of the order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying his application for asylum
and for withholding of deportation. We will deny his petition.
I. Factual and Procedural History
Li, a citizen of the People’s Republic of China, arrived in the United States on or around July 16, 2000, without being admitted or paroled after inspection. On July 17, 2000, the Immigration and Naturalization Service issued a Notice to Appear charging that Li was inadmissable under the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i)(I), as an alien present in the United States without being admitted or paroled. Li appeared before an Immigration Judge on May 10, 2001 in which Li conceded removability, but sought relief from removal by filing applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT).
Li testified as to the series of events in China which formed the basis of his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under CAT. Li testified that he staged a demonstration outside a city government building in order to recover certain employee rights and benefits from his government-run employer. Ultimately, Li was able to speak with city officials to voice his concerns. Li testified that a few days after this meeting, the station chief and security personnel from his company removed Li from his home, detained him for two days and interrogated him. Li testified that during the interrogation his thumb was cuffed to a window and his hands were beaten. Li testified that after the detainment he went to a hospital to receive treatment for a broken finger he suffered in the beating. Upon his return to work, Li received a letter which terminated his job for the stated reason of participating in several demonstrations. Li testified that he only participated in one demonstration and that the government was trumping up the reason for his termination. Li testified that after future demonstrations, in which he did not participate, the government questioned Li as to whether he was responsible for each demonstration and threatened that he would be punished if he participated in or staged any further demonstrations. Li testified that he is now fearful that anytime a demonstration is staged the government will automatically believe he is the one who staged it and will punish him accordingly.
The Immigration Judge (IJ) denied Li’s requests for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under CAT. The IJ determined that Li was not credible because of several inconsistencies in his testimony and therefore failed to establish either past persecution or likelihood of future persecution. The BIA dismissed Li’s appeal, finding that he did not meet the burden of proving eligibility for asylum or withholding of removal. Li’s petition for review followed.
II. Standard of Review and Jurisdiction
This Court has jurisdiction of Li’s appeal pursuant to § 242(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. § .1252(a) to review timely filed petitions for review of final orders of the BIAd.
Where, as here, the BIA affirms the IJ’s decision without opinion, “we review the IJ’s opinion and scrutinize its reasoning.”
Dia v. Ashcroft,
353 F.3d 228, 245 (3d Cir.2003). We review the findings of fact and of credibility under the substantial evidence standard,
see Gao v. Ashcroft,
299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d Cir.2002). The decision must be affirmed “unless the evidence not
only supports a contrary conclusion, but compels it.”
Zubeda v. Ashcroft,
333 F.3d 463, 471 (3d Cir.2003) (quoting
Abdille v. Ashcroft,
242 F.3d 477, 484 (3d Cir.2001)).
An asylum applicant bears the burden of proving either past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution. 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b). In order to establish a well-founded fear of future persecution, the applicant must prove “both a genuine subjective fear and an objectively reasonable fear of persecution” on the grounds of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
Gao v. Ashcroft,
299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d Cir.2002). The applicant for asylum has a two-prong burden—he must demonstrate both (1) subjective and (2) objective fear of persecution.
Id.
The applicant must first demonstrate his subjective fear by “showing that [he] has a genuine fear” of persecution, and then he must demonstrate his objective fear with evidence “that a reasonable person in [his] circumstances would fear persecution if returned to [his] native country.”
Id.
(citing
Elnager v. INS,
930 F.2d 784, 786 (9th Cir.1991)).
The adverse credibility determination must be sustained “if there is substantial evidence on the record to support it.”
Senathirajah v. INS,
157 F.3d 210, 216 (3d Cir.1998). In general, “minor inconsistencies do not provide an adequate basis for an adverse credibility finding.”
Fiadjoe v. Attorney General of U.S.,
411 F.3d 135, 153 (3d Cir.2004). Furthermore, “the discrepancies must involve the ‘heart of the asylum claim.’ ”
Gao,
299 F.3d at 272.
III. Discussion
We will deny the petition for review because substantial evidence supports the determination that (1) Li was not credible and (2) Li failed to establish past persecution or a well founded fear of future persecution.
We agree with the findings of the IJ, as adopted by the BIA, that Li was not credible. His testimony contained several inconsistencies which, taken together, call his credibility into question. First, Li had no evidence to corroborate his membership in a union. Li testified that he was persecuted because of his status as union leader. However, Li did not show a union membership card, a letter from the union, evidence of payment of union dues or any other evidence which would have indicated that he was a member of a union.
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OPINION
ROTH, Circuit Judge:
Xue Zeng Li seeks judicial review of the order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying his application for asylum
and for withholding of deportation. We will deny his petition.
I. Factual and Procedural History
Li, a citizen of the People’s Republic of China, arrived in the United States on or around July 16, 2000, without being admitted or paroled after inspection. On July 17, 2000, the Immigration and Naturalization Service issued a Notice to Appear charging that Li was inadmissable under the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i)(I), as an alien present in the United States without being admitted or paroled. Li appeared before an Immigration Judge on May 10, 2001 in which Li conceded removability, but sought relief from removal by filing applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT).
Li testified as to the series of events in China which formed the basis of his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under CAT. Li testified that he staged a demonstration outside a city government building in order to recover certain employee rights and benefits from his government-run employer. Ultimately, Li was able to speak with city officials to voice his concerns. Li testified that a few days after this meeting, the station chief and security personnel from his company removed Li from his home, detained him for two days and interrogated him. Li testified that during the interrogation his thumb was cuffed to a window and his hands were beaten. Li testified that after the detainment he went to a hospital to receive treatment for a broken finger he suffered in the beating. Upon his return to work, Li received a letter which terminated his job for the stated reason of participating in several demonstrations. Li testified that he only participated in one demonstration and that the government was trumping up the reason for his termination. Li testified that after future demonstrations, in which he did not participate, the government questioned Li as to whether he was responsible for each demonstration and threatened that he would be punished if he participated in or staged any further demonstrations. Li testified that he is now fearful that anytime a demonstration is staged the government will automatically believe he is the one who staged it and will punish him accordingly.
The Immigration Judge (IJ) denied Li’s requests for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under CAT. The IJ determined that Li was not credible because of several inconsistencies in his testimony and therefore failed to establish either past persecution or likelihood of future persecution. The BIA dismissed Li’s appeal, finding that he did not meet the burden of proving eligibility for asylum or withholding of removal. Li’s petition for review followed.
II. Standard of Review and Jurisdiction
This Court has jurisdiction of Li’s appeal pursuant to § 242(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. § .1252(a) to review timely filed petitions for review of final orders of the BIAd.
Where, as here, the BIA affirms the IJ’s decision without opinion, “we review the IJ’s opinion and scrutinize its reasoning.”
Dia v. Ashcroft,
353 F.3d 228, 245 (3d Cir.2003). We review the findings of fact and of credibility under the substantial evidence standard,
see Gao v. Ashcroft,
299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d Cir.2002). The decision must be affirmed “unless the evidence not
only supports a contrary conclusion, but compels it.”
Zubeda v. Ashcroft,
333 F.3d 463, 471 (3d Cir.2003) (quoting
Abdille v. Ashcroft,
242 F.3d 477, 484 (3d Cir.2001)).
An asylum applicant bears the burden of proving either past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution. 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b). In order to establish a well-founded fear of future persecution, the applicant must prove “both a genuine subjective fear and an objectively reasonable fear of persecution” on the grounds of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
Gao v. Ashcroft,
299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d Cir.2002). The applicant for asylum has a two-prong burden—he must demonstrate both (1) subjective and (2) objective fear of persecution.
Id.
The applicant must first demonstrate his subjective fear by “showing that [he] has a genuine fear” of persecution, and then he must demonstrate his objective fear with evidence “that a reasonable person in [his] circumstances would fear persecution if returned to [his] native country.”
Id.
(citing
Elnager v. INS,
930 F.2d 784, 786 (9th Cir.1991)).
The adverse credibility determination must be sustained “if there is substantial evidence on the record to support it.”
Senathirajah v. INS,
157 F.3d 210, 216 (3d Cir.1998). In general, “minor inconsistencies do not provide an adequate basis for an adverse credibility finding.”
Fiadjoe v. Attorney General of U.S.,
411 F.3d 135, 153 (3d Cir.2004). Furthermore, “the discrepancies must involve the ‘heart of the asylum claim.’ ”
Gao,
299 F.3d at 272.
III. Discussion
We will deny the petition for review because substantial evidence supports the determination that (1) Li was not credible and (2) Li failed to establish past persecution or a well founded fear of future persecution.
We agree with the findings of the IJ, as adopted by the BIA, that Li was not credible. His testimony contained several inconsistencies which, taken together, call his credibility into question. First, Li had no evidence to corroborate his membership in a union. Li testified that he was persecuted because of his status as union leader. However, Li did not show a union membership card, a letter from the union, evidence of payment of union dues or any other evidence which would have indicated that he was a member of a union. Furthermore, there were inconsistencies in Li’s testimony as to whether he was arrested alone or with another union member.
Second, Li testified that he visited a hospital on December 28 and January 3 for treatment relating to the broken finger he suffered during his interrogation by government officials. However, the hospital report submitted by Li indicated that his second visit was actually on January 5. Third, Li testified that he was terminated from his employment for participating in only one demonstration even though his termination letter indicated he was fired for participating in several demonstrations.
We also agree with the findings of the IJ, as adopted by the BIA, that Li failed to establish his eligibility for asylum by showing a well-founded fear of persecution for his political opinion. Li’s only evidence of past persecution is his testimony of one instance in which, due to his alleged union involvement, he was detained for two days, interrogated and had his little finger broken. However, Li did not present any evidence to corroborate his union membership.
Li also provided no evidence that he would be subject to future persecution if be was to return to China. There is no credible evidence that he will be arrested or tortured. Because of the number of
deficiencies in the evidence that Li presented, we conclude that he failed to establish his burden of past persecution or of a well-founded fear of future persecution and thus that there is substantial evidence supporting the conclusions of the IJ and the BIA.
For the above stated reasons, we will deny Li’s petition for review.