[Cite as X-S Merchandise, Inc. v. Wynne Pro L.L.C., 2013-Ohio-2205.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 99189
X-S MERCHANDISE, INC. PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
WYNNE PRO L.L.C., ET AL. DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES
JUDGMENT: REVERSED, VACATED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CV-743428
BEFORE: Rocco, J., Stewart, A.J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 30, 2013 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS
Brian J. Green Sean Burke James A. Marx Shapero & Green, L.L.C. 25101 Chagrin Boulevard Suite 220 Beachwood, OH 44122
FOR APPELLEE
Dana Bullington 4123 Crossing Lane Dallas, TX 75220 KENNETH A. ROCCO, J.:
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant X-S Merchandise, Inc. (“X-S”) appeals from the trial
court’s judgment dismissing all claims against defendant-appellee Dana Bullington
(“Bullington”). The trial court determined that X-S had failed to perfect service on
Bullington, but then went on to reach the merits of the case, entering a final judgment.
The trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over Bullington, which renders its judgment
void. We reverse and vacate the judgment, and we remand the case to the trial court with
instructions to enter an order of dismissal without prejudice.
{¶2} This case originates from a lawsuit filed by X-S against Wynne Pro L.L.C.
(“Wynne Pro”), and Bullington. X-S is an Ohio corporation. Wynne Pro is believed to
be a for-profit limited liability corporation having a place of business in Dallas, Texas,
with Bullington as its statutory agent.
{¶3} According to X-S’s complaint, Bullington had agreed to sell to X-S various
goods. X-S tendered to Wynne Pro $29,726.13 as a down payment for the goods.
Subsequently, Bullington informed X-S that she could not procure the goods and that she
would not be able to supply them to X-S.
{¶4} After multiple promises by Bullington to return X-S’s down payment, on
December 13, 2010, X-S filed a lawsuit in the court of common pleas against Wynne Pro
and Bullington. The complaint set forth claims for breach of contract, unjust enrichment,
conversion, and fraud. X-S alleged that Bullington had held herself out as an authorized agent of Wynne Pro, responsible for the transaction of goods in this matter, as evidenced
by her signature on the relevant purchase orders between X-S and Wynne Pro.
{¶5} X-S filed motions for default judgment against Wynne Pro and Bullington.
The trial court entered default judgment against Wynne Pro on June 3, 2011. The trial
court denied the motion for default judgment as to Bullington, noting that X-S had not
perfected service on Bullington.
{¶6} X-S then attempted to perfect service of the complaint on Bullington via
publication on or about July 20, 2011. X-S filed another motion for default judgment on
August 17, 2011. On November 10, 2011, that motion for default judgment was denied
on the basis that X-S had not presented evidence sufficient to state a cause of action
against Bullington individually or to pierce the corporate veil holding her personally
responsible. In that same order, the trial court, sua sponte and without notice, dismissed
Bullington as a defendant in the case. X-S filed an appeal in this court.
{¶7} On appeal, we concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
denying X-S’s motion for default judgment against Bullington, but we also determined
that the trial court erred when it failed to provide X-S with any notice that its failure to
produce sufficient evidence in support of its motion for default judgment would result in
Bullington’s dismissal as a defendant. X-S Merch., Inc. v. Wynne Pro, L.L.C., 8th Dist.
No. 97641, 2012-Ohio-2315, ¶ 18.
{¶8} On remand, the case proceeded to a bench trial on X-S’s claims against
Bullington. The trial court issued a judgment entry and opinion with findings of fact and conclusions of law, ruling that X-S’s service on Bullington was invalid. The trial court
then proceeded to rule on the merits of the underlying action and entered judgment for
Bullington on all claims. It is from this judgment entry that X-S now appeals, setting
forth two assignments of error for our review:
I. The trial court erred in ruling on the merits of the case.
II. The case should have been dismissed without prejudice upon the trial court’s determination that service had not been perfected.
{¶9} We consider the assignments of error together because the analysis involved
is the same. A court cannot acquire personal jurisdiction over a party without the proper
service of a summons and complaint, or the party must have entered an appearance,
affirmatively waived service, or otherwise voluntarily submitted to the court’s
jurisdiction. Bank of N.Y. v. Elliot, 8th Dist. Nos. 97506 and 98179, 2012-Ohio-5285, ¶
15, citing Slomovitz v. Slomovitz, 8th Dist. No. 94499, 2010-Ohio-4361, ¶ 10. We
review de novo whether a trial court maintains personal jurisdiction over a person. Id.,
citing Natl. City Bank v. Yevu, 178 Ohio App.3d 382, 2008-Ohio-4715, 898 N.E.2d 52
(8th Dist.); Toma v. Toma, 8th Dist. No. 82117, 2003-Ohio-4344, ¶ 16.
{¶10} In the instant case, the trial court determined that X-S’s service on
Bullington was invalid and so all claims against Bullington should be dismissed.1 The
1 We note that the trial court should have determined long ago whether it had personal jurisdiction over Bullington. It is unfortunate that this case has already come up on appeal once before and that a trial ensued before the trial court finally concluded that service had not been perfected on Bullington. X-S had attempted to perfect service by publication on July 20, 2011. The trial court ruled that this method of service was invalid on October 18, 2012. trial court’s ruling was based on its findings that: (1) X-S had failed to aver as to all
efforts it had made to locate Bullington; and (2) that as an out-of-state resident, service on
Bullington could not be perfected via publication. See Civ.R. 4.3 and 4.4.
{¶11} X-S does not contest the trial court’s ruling that Bullington was not properly
served. Rather, X-S argues that once the trial court determined that service was invalid,
it was required to dismiss the case without prejudice. We agree, because once the trial
court determined that it lacked personal jurisdiction over Bullington, it was without
authority to enter a judgment in the action.2
{¶12} The trial court could obtain personal jurisdiction over Bullington only if the
trial court determined that: (1) she was properly served with a summons and complaint;
(2) she entered an appearance; (3) she affirmatively waived service; or (4) she otherwise
voluntarily submitted to the court’s jurisdiction. See Bank of N.Y., 2012-Ohio-5285, at ¶
15. The trial court concluded that Bullington was not properly served with a summons
and complaint, and there is no evidence in the record indicating that Bullington entered an
appearance, affirmatively waived service, or otherwise voluntarily submitted to the
court’s jurisdiction. Based on its findings and on the record, the trial court lacked
personal jurisdiction over Bullington, rendering its judgment void. See id., citing Lincoln
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[Cite as X-S Merchandise, Inc. v. Wynne Pro L.L.C., 2013-Ohio-2205.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 99189
X-S MERCHANDISE, INC. PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
WYNNE PRO L.L.C., ET AL. DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES
JUDGMENT: REVERSED, VACATED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CV-743428
BEFORE: Rocco, J., Stewart, A.J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 30, 2013 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS
Brian J. Green Sean Burke James A. Marx Shapero & Green, L.L.C. 25101 Chagrin Boulevard Suite 220 Beachwood, OH 44122
FOR APPELLEE
Dana Bullington 4123 Crossing Lane Dallas, TX 75220 KENNETH A. ROCCO, J.:
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant X-S Merchandise, Inc. (“X-S”) appeals from the trial
court’s judgment dismissing all claims against defendant-appellee Dana Bullington
(“Bullington”). The trial court determined that X-S had failed to perfect service on
Bullington, but then went on to reach the merits of the case, entering a final judgment.
The trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over Bullington, which renders its judgment
void. We reverse and vacate the judgment, and we remand the case to the trial court with
instructions to enter an order of dismissal without prejudice.
{¶2} This case originates from a lawsuit filed by X-S against Wynne Pro L.L.C.
(“Wynne Pro”), and Bullington. X-S is an Ohio corporation. Wynne Pro is believed to
be a for-profit limited liability corporation having a place of business in Dallas, Texas,
with Bullington as its statutory agent.
{¶3} According to X-S’s complaint, Bullington had agreed to sell to X-S various
goods. X-S tendered to Wynne Pro $29,726.13 as a down payment for the goods.
Subsequently, Bullington informed X-S that she could not procure the goods and that she
would not be able to supply them to X-S.
{¶4} After multiple promises by Bullington to return X-S’s down payment, on
December 13, 2010, X-S filed a lawsuit in the court of common pleas against Wynne Pro
and Bullington. The complaint set forth claims for breach of contract, unjust enrichment,
conversion, and fraud. X-S alleged that Bullington had held herself out as an authorized agent of Wynne Pro, responsible for the transaction of goods in this matter, as evidenced
by her signature on the relevant purchase orders between X-S and Wynne Pro.
{¶5} X-S filed motions for default judgment against Wynne Pro and Bullington.
The trial court entered default judgment against Wynne Pro on June 3, 2011. The trial
court denied the motion for default judgment as to Bullington, noting that X-S had not
perfected service on Bullington.
{¶6} X-S then attempted to perfect service of the complaint on Bullington via
publication on or about July 20, 2011. X-S filed another motion for default judgment on
August 17, 2011. On November 10, 2011, that motion for default judgment was denied
on the basis that X-S had not presented evidence sufficient to state a cause of action
against Bullington individually or to pierce the corporate veil holding her personally
responsible. In that same order, the trial court, sua sponte and without notice, dismissed
Bullington as a defendant in the case. X-S filed an appeal in this court.
{¶7} On appeal, we concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
denying X-S’s motion for default judgment against Bullington, but we also determined
that the trial court erred when it failed to provide X-S with any notice that its failure to
produce sufficient evidence in support of its motion for default judgment would result in
Bullington’s dismissal as a defendant. X-S Merch., Inc. v. Wynne Pro, L.L.C., 8th Dist.
No. 97641, 2012-Ohio-2315, ¶ 18.
{¶8} On remand, the case proceeded to a bench trial on X-S’s claims against
Bullington. The trial court issued a judgment entry and opinion with findings of fact and conclusions of law, ruling that X-S’s service on Bullington was invalid. The trial court
then proceeded to rule on the merits of the underlying action and entered judgment for
Bullington on all claims. It is from this judgment entry that X-S now appeals, setting
forth two assignments of error for our review:
I. The trial court erred in ruling on the merits of the case.
II. The case should have been dismissed without prejudice upon the trial court’s determination that service had not been perfected.
{¶9} We consider the assignments of error together because the analysis involved
is the same. A court cannot acquire personal jurisdiction over a party without the proper
service of a summons and complaint, or the party must have entered an appearance,
affirmatively waived service, or otherwise voluntarily submitted to the court’s
jurisdiction. Bank of N.Y. v. Elliot, 8th Dist. Nos. 97506 and 98179, 2012-Ohio-5285, ¶
15, citing Slomovitz v. Slomovitz, 8th Dist. No. 94499, 2010-Ohio-4361, ¶ 10. We
review de novo whether a trial court maintains personal jurisdiction over a person. Id.,
citing Natl. City Bank v. Yevu, 178 Ohio App.3d 382, 2008-Ohio-4715, 898 N.E.2d 52
(8th Dist.); Toma v. Toma, 8th Dist. No. 82117, 2003-Ohio-4344, ¶ 16.
{¶10} In the instant case, the trial court determined that X-S’s service on
Bullington was invalid and so all claims against Bullington should be dismissed.1 The
1 We note that the trial court should have determined long ago whether it had personal jurisdiction over Bullington. It is unfortunate that this case has already come up on appeal once before and that a trial ensued before the trial court finally concluded that service had not been perfected on Bullington. X-S had attempted to perfect service by publication on July 20, 2011. The trial court ruled that this method of service was invalid on October 18, 2012. trial court’s ruling was based on its findings that: (1) X-S had failed to aver as to all
efforts it had made to locate Bullington; and (2) that as an out-of-state resident, service on
Bullington could not be perfected via publication. See Civ.R. 4.3 and 4.4.
{¶11} X-S does not contest the trial court’s ruling that Bullington was not properly
served. Rather, X-S argues that once the trial court determined that service was invalid,
it was required to dismiss the case without prejudice. We agree, because once the trial
court determined that it lacked personal jurisdiction over Bullington, it was without
authority to enter a judgment in the action.2
{¶12} The trial court could obtain personal jurisdiction over Bullington only if the
trial court determined that: (1) she was properly served with a summons and complaint;
(2) she entered an appearance; (3) she affirmatively waived service; or (4) she otherwise
voluntarily submitted to the court’s jurisdiction. See Bank of N.Y., 2012-Ohio-5285, at ¶
15. The trial court concluded that Bullington was not properly served with a summons
and complaint, and there is no evidence in the record indicating that Bullington entered an
appearance, affirmatively waived service, or otherwise voluntarily submitted to the
court’s jurisdiction. Based on its findings and on the record, the trial court lacked
personal jurisdiction over Bullington, rendering its judgment void. See id., citing Lincoln
2 The trial court’s determination that service could not be perfected by publication was based on our decision in Sutkaytis v. Van Valkenberg, 8th Dist. No. 36543, 1977 Ohio App. LEXIS 8254 (Nov. 10, 1977). Because the trial court and X-S both concede that service was not perfected in this case, we need not address whether a plaintiff may ever perfect service on a non-resident defendant via publication. Tavern, Inc. v. Snader, 165 Ohio St. 61, 64, 133 N.E.2d 606 (1956). (“A judgment
rendered in the absence of personal jurisdiction over the defendant is void.”).
{¶13} Accordingly, we reverse and vacate the trial court’s judgment with
instructions on remand to dismiss the case without prejudice. See Ambrose v. Advanced
Wireless Cellular Comm., 8th Dist. No. 88110, 2007-Ohio-988, ¶ 7, citing Civ.R.
41(B)(4); Thomas v. Freeman, 79 Ohio St.3d 221, 680 N.E.2d 997 (1997) (“A dismissal
for lack of jurisdiction, including a lack of personal jurisdiction, operates as an
adjudication otherwise than on the merits, that is without prejudice.”).
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into
execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
____________________________________ KENNETH A. ROCCO, JUDGE
MELODY J. STEWART, A.J., and KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR