Wysowski v. Sitmar Cruises

127 F.R.D. 446, 1989 A.M.C. 1446, 1989 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10898, 1989 WL 106072
CourtDistrict Court, D. Connecticut
DecidedMarch 9, 1989
DocketCiv. No. N-87-541(JAC)
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 127 F.R.D. 446 (Wysowski v. Sitmar Cruises) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Connecticut primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wysowski v. Sitmar Cruises, 127 F.R.D. 446, 1989 A.M.C. 1446, 1989 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10898, 1989 WL 106072 (D. Conn. 1989).

Opinion

RULING ON PENDING MOTIONS

JOSÉ A. CABRANES, District Judge:

This personal injury action, brought on a negligence theory, was commenced in the Superior Court for the State of Connecticut on November 6, 1987. Defendant removed the case to this court, on the basis of diversity of citizenship, on December 14, 1987, and filed an answer on January 28, 1988. The answer contained five “special defenses”; plaintiffs filed an “answer” to four of these and a motion to strike the fifth on September 29, 1988. Defendant did not file any opposition to the motion to strike, and on November 4, 1988, the court granted the motion absent objection, pursuant to Rule 9(a)(1) of the Local Rules of Civil Procedure (D.Conn.). Under the scheduling Order (filed Sept. 19, 1988), all discovery except for requests for admission was to be completed by November 18, 1988. None of the documents referred to in this paragraph mentioned any request for a trial by jury.

On December 8, 1988, plaintiffs filed a document styled “Claim for Jury Trial,” which read in its entirety, “The Plaintiffs in the above case claim a Jury Trial.” Defendant has moved to strike this jury demand, on the grounds that it is untimely and that plaintiffs have waived their right to a jury trial. Plaintiffs have objected to defendant’s motion, and in the alternative have moved the court for a discretionary order of a trial by jury pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 39(b).

I am required, for the reasons stated below, to grant defendant’s motion and strike the jury demand. In my discretion, however, I will also grant plaintiffs’ motion and allow a jury to try this case.

I.

“The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure proceed on the basic premise that a jury trial is waived unless a timely demand is filed.” Cascone v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp., 702 F.2d 389, 391 (2d Cir.1983). Fed.R.Civ.P. 38(b) requires that demand for a jury trial on an issue must be filed “not later than 10 days after the service of the last pleading directed to such issue.” The last pleading in this case, a case without counterclaims or cross-claims or third-party claims, was the answer, filed January 28, 1988.1 To be timely under Rule 38, therefore, plaintiffs’ jury demand would have had to have been filed by approximately February 7, 1988. Since the jury demand was only filed some ten months later, it was clearly untimely under Rule 38.

In a case removed from state court, however, special provisions regarding jury demand requirements may apply pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 81(c).2 Three instances are specified in the rule. See generally Cascone, 702 F.2d at 391. The first two of these instances, where all necessary pleadings have been served before removal and where a party has before removal requested a jury, clearly do not apply to this case. The third situation, where state law does not require the parties to expressly claim trial by jury, is more difficult to assess. The parties have not presented, and the court has not found, any cases addressing [448]*448the application of Connecticut law to the Rule 81(c) procedure for demanding a jury.

In Higgins v. Boeing Co., 526 F.2d 1004 (2d Cir.1975), the Court of Appeals considered the effect of Rule 81(c) on a case removed from a New York state court. The Court of Appeals found that the law of New York does require a party seeking a jury trial to make a jury demand. It also found, however, that New York law did not place any time limitation on when the demand for jury trial could be made, and that therefore the New York practice was a “gray situation” not expressly considered by the framers of Rule 81(c). Higgins, 526 F.2d at 1007. See also Cascone, 702 F.2d at 391. Because New York law contained a provision permitting the trial court to “relieve a party from the effect of failing to comply with this section if no undue prejudice to the rights of another party would result,” the Court of Appeals held that this discretionary right must be read into the language of Rule 81(c) and that the district court would have discretion under that rule to determine in the particular case whether a jury demand was required. Higgins, 526 F.2d at 1007.

The Connecticut statute governing claims to a jury trial, Conn.Gen.Stat. § 52-215,3 differs in significant ways from the New York law at issue in Higgins. There is a fixed time limit in which a jury demand must be made, either “within thirty days after the return day” or “within ten days after [an] issue of fact is joined.” See Home Oil Co. v. Todd, 195 Conn. 333, 487 A.2d 1095 (1985). There is also no provision for relieving a party of the effect of a failure to comply where there is no prejudice to the other party; rather, “all cases not entered in the docket as jury cases under the foregoing provisions ... shall be entered on the docket as court cases, and shall ... be disposed of as court cases” (emphasis added). In light of these differences, I cannot find the Connecticut practice to be either a “gray situation” overlooked by the framers of Rule 81(c) or a system that creates discretion that can be read into Rule 81(c). Connecticut law does indeed require the parties to expressly claim trial by jury. The third special situation of Rule 81(c) is therefore inapplicable to a case removed to this court from a Connecticut state court.

Because none of the special situations of Rule 81(c) are applicable, and because plaintiffs have not complied with the time limits of Rule 38, I am constrained to hold that plaintiffs have waived their right to demand a trial by jury. Defendant’s motion to strike plaintiffs’ jury demand must therefore be granted.

II.

The holding that plaintiffs have waived their right to a jury trial is not, however, necessarily dispositive of whether plaintiffs may ultimately obtain a jury trial of their case. Plaintiffs have moved in the alternative for a discretionary order of a trial by jury pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 39(b). Rule 39(b) provides, in pertinent part, that “notwithstanding the failure of a party to demand a jury in an action in which such a demand might have been made of right, the court in its discretion upon motion may order a trial by a jury of any or all issues.” The basis for plaintiffs’ motion is the contention that “the failure to make [a timely jury demand] was not due to careless negligence, but on the mistaken belief that the pleadings in the case had not been closed.” Memorandum in Support of Plaintiffs’ Mo[449]*449tion for a Jury Trial Pursuant to Rule 39(b) FRCP (filed Feb. 10, 1989) at 3.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Elgarhi v. Dreis & Krump Mfg. Co.
131 F.R.D. 429 (S.D. New York, 1990)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
127 F.R.D. 446, 1989 A.M.C. 1446, 1989 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10898, 1989 WL 106072, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wysowski-v-sitmar-cruises-ctd-1989.