1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please see 2 Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please 3 also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other 4 deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the 5 filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 ELLEN WYLIE, 8 Petitioner-Appellant, 9 v. NO. 29,908 10 JOHN WYLIE, 11 Respondent-Appellee.
12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BERNALILLO COUNTY 13 Gerard J. Lavelle, District Judge
14 Ellen Wylie 15 Albuquerque, NM
16 Pro Se Appellant
17 John Wylie 18 Albuquerque, NM
19 Pro Se Appellee 20 MEMORANDUM OPINION 21 FRY, Chief Judge. 22 Ellen Wylie (Mother) appeals from the district court’s three minute orders. [RP 23 46A-46B, 54, 61] Mother contends that the district court judge erred as follows: (1) 24 in not requiring Father to pay for the parties’ daughter Hannah’s current college
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1 education costs [DS 11]; (2) in not requiring Father to continue to pay $300 per month 2 in child support for the parties’ daughter Kate [DS 13]; (3) in not requiring Father to 3 pay child support for Hannah until she reached twenty-one when, Mother asserts, the 4 disturbances/violence between Father and Hannah were caused by Father not Hannah 5 [DS 13]; (4) in not looking at Father’s income and in not using the child support 6 guidelines and worksheets to calculate child support in the past for Kate and presently 7 for Hannah [DS 13]; and (5) in not listening to Mother or ruling in her favor, because 8 the district court judge was biased in favor of Father [DS 13]. 9 This Court’s calendar notice proposed summary affirmance. [CN1] Mother has 10 filed a memorandum in opposition that we have duly considered. [MIO] 11 Unpersuaded, however, we affirm. 12 DISCUSSION 13 A. Standard of Review 14 “The determination of child support is within the district court’s discretion and 15 we review it on appeal only for an abuse of discretion.” Klinksiek v. Klinksiek, 16 2005-NMCA-008, ¶ 4, 136 N.M. 693, 104 P.3d 559 (filed 2004). “However, that 17 discretion must be exercised in accordance with the child support guidelines.” Id. 18 Under NMSA 1978, Section 40-4-11.2 (1989), moreover, any deviation from the 19 guidelines “shall be supported by a written finding in the decree, judgment or order
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1 of child support that application of the guidelines would be unjust or inappropriate.” 2 In order to modify an existing order or judgment regarding child support, a substantial 3 change in circumstances must be shown. Bustos v. Bustos, 2000-NMCA-040, ¶ 15, 4 128 N.M. 842, 999 P.2d 1074. 5 B. Child Support for Kate and Hannah (Issues 1, 2, 3, and 4) 6 On February 12, 2009, Father filed a motion to adopt changes to the parties’ 7 December 14, 2007, parenting plan and child support obligation agreement (the 8 parenting plan agreement) with regard to both Kate and Hannah. [RP 22] Mother 9 filed a response, objecting to any changes to the parenting plan agreement and asking 10 the district court to enforce its terms. [RP 30] After the district court entered its June 11 18, 2009 minute order regarding Kate and its July 1, 2009 minute order regarding 12 Hannah, on July 28, 2009, Mother filed a motion to modify or enforce child support 13 order, essentially asking the district court to reconsider the July 1 minute order with 14 regard to Hannah. [RP 55] 15 The parenting plan agreement provides that Kate is to reside with Mother, and 16 Father is to pay $300 per month in child support to Mother for Kate until Mother has 17 obtained “gainful employment.” [RP 14 ¶ 1] Father’s obligation to pay child support 18 to Mother for Kate is to cease when Kate reaches the age of eighteen. [RP 14, ¶ 1] 19 Kate was born on December 24, 1991. [RP 12]
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1 The parenting plan agreement provides that Hannah is to reside with Father. 2 [RP 14, ¶1] If Father asks Hannah to move out of his home prior to her twenty-first 3 birthday, in the absence of justification, “such as, Hannah [] becomes unstable and 4 poses a real threat of violence to herself and her family,” then Mother reserves the 5 right to request child support for supporting Hannah, “if such becomes necessary.” 6 [RP 16] Hannah was born on January 9, 1990. [RP 12] 7 In the parenting plan agreement, the parties specifically agreed not to follow the 8 child support guidelines because of the “nature of the custody issues,” the parties’ 9 separate agreement providing that Hannah would live with Father and Kate would live 10 with Mother, and “the age and employment consideration” of the parties. [RP 14, ¶ 11 1] In the final decree, the district court specifically explained that the child support 12 guidelines were not appropriate in this case generally for the same reasons. [RP 20, 13 No. 6] The parties further agreed to evenly split the other expenses relating to the 14 care and support of both Hannah and Kate, as set forth in a table incorporated into the 15 parenting plan agreement. [RP 14-15] The parties agreed to equal percentages rather 16 than to specific dollar amounts, “because we do not have actual dollar figures to 17 include on the worksheet.” [RP 14, No. 4] 18 In support of his motion to adopt changes to the parenting plan agreement filed 19 on February 12, 2009, Father reported that Kate had been living with Father rather
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1 than Mother since February 2, 2009, that she would continue to reside with him, and 2 that he would ask for no child support from Mother for Kate, but presumably wanted 3 to cease paying child support to Mother for Kate. [RP 23, ¶ C] Father also reported 4 that Hannah had become so unruly that a restraining order that restricted her from 5 entering his house was needed and had been issued on January 27, 2009. [RP 23, ¶ D] 6 Mother’s response requests that Father be required to continue to pay $300.00 7 per month as child support for Kate on the grounds that Father is simply trying to get 8 out of his financial obligations to her, Father does not support Mother’s parenting, 9 Kate cannot safely reside at Father’s house because Father does not consult Mother 10 on decisions, and Father does not enforce curfew or other house rules. [RP 30-32] 11 With regard to Hannah, Mother asserts that Father obtained a restraining order against 12 Hannah in order to avoid his financial obligations to support Hannah until her twenty- 13 first birthday under the parenting plan agreement and in order to get out of providing 14 support for her while in college. [Id.] Mother’s memorandum in opposition continues 15 to raise the same contentions, including that Father obtained the restraining order 16 against Hannah in order to relieve himself of his support obligations to her, that the 17 basis for the restraining order has no merit, and that Mother understood the MSA as 18 requiring Father to unconditionally continue to support Hannah until she is twenty- 19 one. [MIO, 2] Mother further points out that she continues to have medical issues
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1 and financial strain as a result and that Father has engaged in acts that are contrary to 2 the MSA with regard to the support of his daughters, Hannah in particular. [Id.] 3 Mother continues to request that the terms of the MSA regarding child support be 4 enforced and appears to contend that the minute orders do not do so. [Id.] 5 As we discussed in the calendar notice, we are not persuaded that the terms of 6 the MSA require Father to unconditionally continue to pay child support for Hannah. 7 With regard to the validity of Father’s restraining order against Hannah, another 8 tribunal was persuaded as to the validity and necessity of the restraining order against 9 her and the district court in this case considered Mother’s allegations that Father 10 merely obtained the restraining order to get out of his child support obligations to 11 Hannah and ruled against Mother on this issue. As further discussed below, we 12 decline to revisit these issues of the credibility of the witnesses. Moreover, as we 13 discussed in the calendar notice, given the existence of the restraining order, the 14 express terms of the MSA do not require Father to continue to provide support for 15 Hannah. The district court determined that Kate no longer lives with Mother, and 16 therefore, determined that Father’s child support obligations to pay Mother for her 17 support has ended. Under the circumstances, we remain persuaded that summary 18 affirmance of the three minute orders is the appropriate and correct disposition.
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1 As we discussed in the calendar notice, in the district court’s June 18, 2009 2 minute order, Father was ordered to pay $850 in child support arrearages to Mother 3 for Kate through June 2009. [RP 46A] Father was also ordered to make the 4 remaining future child support payments for Kate to another family since Kate was 5 apparently no longer residing with Mother or Father. [Id.] In the July 1, 2009 minute 6 order, the district court found that Father had obtained the restraining order against 7 Hannah because she “became unstable and engaged in behavior which posed a real 8 threat of violence to [Father] and, therefore, [Father] was justified in asking Hannah 9 to move from his home.” [RP 54, No. 2] In accordance with the parenting plan 10 agreement, therefore, the district court concluded that “[a]ny obligation [Father] might 11 have had to provide post-minority support for Hannah is terminated based upon 12 Hannah’s threats of violence on January 27, 2009.” [RP 54, No. 3] In the September 13 10, 2009 minute order, the district court denied Mother’s July 28, 2009, motion to 14 modify or enforce child support order, which we have construed as a motion to 15 reconsider the July 1, 2009 minute order, noting that Hannah had reached the age of 16 majority, that any obligation Father had had to support Hannah post-majority had 17 terminated for the reasons set forth in the July 1, 2009 minute order, and that the 18 court’s jurisdiction regarding Hannah had ended. [RP 61-62]
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1 We affirm the June 18 and the July 1 minute orders, which granted Father’s 2 February 12, 2009, motion to adopt changes to the parenting plan agreement regarding 3 Father’s support obligations for Kate and Hannah. The parties provided conflicting 4 testimony regarding the reasons for Kate’s moving out of Mother’s residence and the 5 basis for Father obtaining a restraining order against Hannah. Although Mother 6 disagrees with the basis for the rulings, the district court as fact finder, however, 7 resolved the conflicts in the evidence and weighed the testimony in favor of Father. 8 See, e.g., Buckingham v. Ryan, 1998-NMCA-012, ¶ 10, 124 N.M. 498, 953 P.2d 33 9 (filed 1997) (“[W]hen there is a conflict in the testimony, we defer to the trier of 10 fact.”). 11 That is, Father’s payment of child support to Mother for Kate under the 12 parenting plan agreement was based on Kate’s residing with Mother. The district 13 court found that Kate no longer resides with Mother. As such, Father is no longer 14 obligated to pay Mother $300 in child support for Kate. Under the terms of the 15 parenting plan agreement, Father’s obligation to support Hannah until age twenty-one 16 terminated if Father had justification for requiring Hannah to move out of his home. 17 The district court found that Father was justified in requiring Hannah to move out 18 because she had threatened him with violence and he had obtained a restraining order
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1 against her. Thus, Father’s obligation to support Hannah terminated after she reached 2 majority but prior to age twenty-one. 3 We hold, therefore, that Father sustained his burden to show that a substantial 4 change in circumstances had occurred in the living situations of both Hannah and Kate 5 from the December 14, 2007, entry of the parenting plan agreement. See Mintz v. 6 Zoernig, 2008-NMCA-162, ¶ 18, 145 N.M. 362, 198 P.3d 861 (discussing that in 7 order to modify an existing child support order, a substantial change in circumstances 8 must be shown and “[t]he burden of proof is on the moving party to satisfy the court 9 that the circumstances have so changed as to justify the modification” (internal 10 quotation marks and citation omitted)). To the extent that Mother’s subsequent 11 motion filed on July 28, 2009, was a request to the district court to reconsider its 12 rulings in the June 18 and the July 1 minute orders, we hold that Mother did not 13 provide a basis, such as new facts or changed circumstances, for the district court to 14 do so. See, e.g., GCM, Inc. v. Kentucky Cent. Life Ins. Co., 1997-NMSC-052, ¶ 28, 15 124 N.M. 186, 947 P.2d 143 (“A district court has broad discretion in ruling upon a 16 motion for reconsideration and will only be reversed for an abuse of that discretion.”). 17 We affirm the June 18, July 1, and the September 10 minute orders. 18 C. The District Court’s Bias Against Mother (Issue 5)
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1 In the docketing statement and the memorandum, Mother asserts that the district 2 court judge was prejudiced against her and that he did not listen to her arguments that 3 Father had caused the disturbances with Hannah. [DS 13] She points out that the 4 district court may favor Father since Father works as a juvenile probation officer and 5 may have worked with the district court judge. We disagree. 6 First, it appears that Mother’s frustrations result from the district court’s 7 adverse rulings, which are insufficient to demonstrate bias. See State v. Case, 100 8 N.M. 714, 717, 676 P.2d 241, 244 (1984) (stating personal bias cannot be inferred 9 from an adverse ruling). In this regard, moreover, we have duly considered Mother’s 10 contentions, and, based on our standard of review, we affirm the district court’s 11 rulings as based on and consistent with New Mexico law. Second, as we discussed 12 above, it is for the district court as fact finder to weigh the evidence and the credibility 13 of the witnesses. See, e.g., State v. Hernandez, 115 N.M. 6, 20, 846 P.2d 312, 326 14 (1993) (stating that adverse rulings or enforcement of the rules does not establish 15 judicial bias). Third, Mother asserts that the district court may be prejudiced or biased 16 in favor of Father but recites to no particular facts and makes no specific showing in 17 support of these assertions. State v. Hoxsie, 101 N.M. 7, 10, 677 P.2d 620, 623 (1984) 18 (stating that, “[a]n assertion of prejudice is not a showing of prejudice”), overruled 19 on other grounds, Gallegos v. Citizens Ins. Agency, 108 N.M. 722, 731, 779 P.2d 99,
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1 108 (1989). Finally, comments by the district court criticizing a party do not 2 demonstrate bias or improper judicial conduct. See, e.g., United Nuclear Corp. v. 3 Gen. Atomic Co., 96 N.M. 155, 172-74, 629 P.2d 231, 248-50 (1980) (stating that 4 rulings by the court rejecting a party’s position, and criticism of counsel by the court, 5 do not demonstrate bias). 6 CONCLUSION 7 We affirm the district court’s rulings set forth in the June 18, July 1, and 8 September 10, 2009 minute orders. 9 IT IS SO ORDERED.
10 11 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Chief Judge 12 WE CONCUR:
13 14 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge
15 16 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge