Wyers v. State

401 So. 2d 221, 1981 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 2257
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Alabama
DecidedApril 21, 1981
Docket6 Div. 124
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 401 So. 2d 221 (Wyers v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wyers v. State, 401 So. 2d 221, 1981 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 2257 (Ala. Ct. App. 1981).

Opinion

DeCARLO, Judge.

Appellant was indicted, tried, convicted and sentenced to ten years imprisonment for bribery to commit a felony under § 13-5-39, Code of Alabama 1975, which provides the following:

“Any person who corruptly gives, offers or promises any gift, gratuity or thing of value to another person, with intent to induce or influence such person to commit any crime or offense punishable as a felony, shall, on conviction, be imprisoned in the penitentiary for not less than two nor more than 10 years.”

Omitting the formal parts, the indictment charged that:

“RICHARD WILSON WYERS, whose name is otherwise unknown to the Grand Jury, did corruptly give, offer or promise one Richard Giannetti a certain gift, gratuity or thing of value, to-wit: One Thousand Five Hundred Dollars of the lawful currency of the United States of America, with intent to induce or influence said Richard Giannetti, to commit a certain crime or offense punishable as a felony, to-wit: the offense of murder by unlawfully and with malice aforethought killing one Joyce M. Wyers.”

The State’s chief witness was Richard Giannetti. In 1977, appellant hired Gian-netti, a private detective in Birmingham, to investigate his wife and her alleged boyfriend in connection with a pending divorce case. Thereafter, on March 23, 1978, while appellant and Giannetti were having drinks at the California Club in Birmingham, appellant told Giannetti that he wanted to find someone to do bodily harm to his wife’s boyfriend. Appellant then said that he had changed his mind and would rather find somebody to kill his wife instead. He asked Giannetti if he knew of anyone who would do the job. The following day, when Gian-netti asked whether appellant was serious about having his wife killed, and appellant replied, “I was never more serious in my life,” Giannetti reported the incident to the Birmingham Police Department.

Thereafter, the police monitored the developments between appellant and Giannet-ti, and advised Giannetti to see how far appellant would go with his plans. Gian-netti was outfitted with a hidden microphone and transmitter, and his conversations with appellant were relayed to police recording unit. The tapes and transcripts of these conversations were later introduced into evidence at appellant’s trial.

Giannetti pretended to go along with appellant’s plan. He told appellant that he [Giannetti] had found a person to commit the murder for $3000. with $1500. down and $1500. to be paid after the job was done. It is undisputed that Giannetti was to receive no payment for his role as the intermediary.

On March 29, 1978, appellant handed over fifteen hundred dollars to Giannetti to deliver to the “hit man.” He also gave Gian-netti the number and combination for a post office box where the remainder of the money would be found after the murder was accomplished. Appellant was arrested outside the California Club after he had delivered the money to Giannetti.

At the close of the State’s case, appellant moved to exclude the evidence, arguing that there was a material variance between the indictment and the proof offered at trial. After a lengthy hearing, the trial [223]*223judge overruled the motion, and appellant presented no defense.

I

Appellant’s motion to exclude presents us with the question of the sufficiency of the evidence in this rather bizarre and unprecedented set of circumstances. We have been cited to no case, and our own research has uncovered no reported decision with similar facts.

Appellant argues that since Giannetti was to receive nothing for his role as middleman, and was to deliver the entire fifteen hundred dollars to the nonexistent killer, Giannetti could not have been the offer-ee of a bribe. In short, he insists that because the evidence showed Giannetti was a gratuitous intermediary, the State did not prove that appellant did “corruptly give, offer or promise . . . Richard Giannetti . . . $1500.”

We do not agree. In the absence of more direct and persuasive authority, we are inclined to follow the reasoning of the United States Court of Appeals in Malatkofski v. United States, 179 F.2d 905 (1st Cir. 1950). In Malatkofski v. United States, supra, the defendant was convicted of bribery under a federal statute substantially identical to § 13-5-39, supra, and punishing:

“[wjhosoever shall promise, offer, or give . . . any money or other thing of value ... to any person acting for or on behalf of the United States . . . with intent to influence his decision or action ...”

In answer to the defendant’s contention that he could not be convicted of “giving” money to a federal official because the payment was merely a loan, the court stated the following:

“The word ‘give’ in the statute is not, we think, used in the sense of ‘to bestow without a return’ or ‘to make a present of,’ but rather in another well-accepted sense of ‘to deliver or hand over.’ In the latter sense the evidence is undisputed that Malatkofski gave [i. e., handed over to] Cleary one thousand dollars in cash, and this is so whether the transaction was dressed up as an ostensible loan or as a ‘present.’ . . . There is good sense in this interpretation of the statute, for the legal effect of handing over the money to Cleary with the corrupt intent as established by the verdicts was the same whether it was understood as a gift or as a loan. If the latter was the understanding, Cleary nevertheless got title to the thousand dollars, and his promise to repay the ‘loan,’ as part of an illegal transaction, was wholly unenforceable.”

In the case before us, we find the evidence unquestionably clear that appellant “delivered” or “handed over to” Giannetti the fifteen hundred dollars for his wife’s murder. Following the rationale of the Ma-latkofski court, we also find that the legal effect of appellant’s handing the money to Giannetti was the same whether the transfer was characterized as a gift or as a delivery to a mere escrow agent or holding party for a third person. In either circumstance, it is clear that Giannetti’s promise to return the money if the “hit man” did not accomplish the murder would have been unenforceable.

Our construction of the word “give” as found in § 13-5-39, supra, that appellant “gave” Giannetti the money, within the meaning of the foregoing statute, is further supported by appellant’s own statements to Giannetti, taken from the tape transcripts:

“Wyers: Let me tell you something. I’m going to give you $3,000 . . .
“Giannetti: But here’s the thing. I can tell him that, I can go up to him and say look, the guy’s going to give us $3,000 the day before it’s done or the day it’s done. He’s going to say that’s not the way it works, Rich, and you know that. I’ve got to have something up front. I don’t care if it’s all of it or part of it.
“Wyers: I don’t care about that. That’s your problem.
“Giannetti: Thanks. I hadn’t got enough, huh.
“Wyers: I’m going to give you the money. I don’t want anything to do with him. I don’t know him.
[224]*224“Giannetti: I realize that. I know you were going to give him the money.

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Bluebook (online)
401 So. 2d 221, 1981 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 2257, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wyers-v-state-alacrimapp-1981.