Wright v. Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles

67 Ohio Misc. 2d 29
CourtHamilton County Municipal Court
DecidedNovember 7, 1994
DocketNo. 94-CV-11449
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 67 Ohio Misc. 2d 29 (Wright v. Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Hamilton County Municipal Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wright v. Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles, 67 Ohio Misc. 2d 29 (Ohio Super. Ct. 1994).

Opinion

MARK P. Painter, Judge.

This opinion is in two parts. Part I holds that a municipal court has jurisdiction in a declaratory judgment action involving the constitutionality of R.C. 4507.169. Part II holds that (1) R.C. 4507.169 is constitutional when read in pari materia with R.C. 4507.60, and (2) the proper court for a petition for occupational driving privileges under a suspension imposed under R.C. 4507.169 is the municipal or county court where the petitioner resides.

Part I, Issued July 19, 1994

This case is before this court on the state’s motion to dismiss. Plaintiff, Steven Wright, a Hamilton County resident, received notice from the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles (“BMV”) that his driving privileges were suspended for a period of six months, under R.C. 4507.169, because of a conviction in the state of Indiana for driving under the influence of alcohol. Plaintiff appealed the suspension to the BMV and requested an administrative hearing. An administrative hearing was held, which confirmed plaintiffs suspension. Plaintiff then brought this action seeking to have R.C. 4507.169 declared unconstitutional, alleging that it violates the due process, equal protection, and double jeopardy provisions of the United States Constitution.

The state has moved to dismiss plaintiffs complaint on the grounds that this court lacks jurisdiction to determine this matter. The state’s argument is twofold: (1) plaintiffs action is actually an appeal of the administrative agency’s denial of plaintiffs administrative appeal and, as such, is governed by R.C. 119.12, which states that an appeal of an administrative agency’s decision must be filed in the court of common pleas; and (2) even if plaintiffs complaint is construed as a suit for declaratory judgment, this court does not have jurisdiction to hear it, since plaintiffs misdemeanor offense occurred outside the court’s territorial limits.

First, this court must determine whether plaintiffs action is an appeal of an administrative agency’s decision. If so, then pursuant to R.C. 119.12, this court lacks jurisdiction to hear it, and the case should be transferred to the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas. However, if plaintiffs action is not an appeal, then this court has jurisdiction over this case unless this court’s jurisdiction fails on other grounds.

Plaintiffs only claim is that R.C. 4507.169 is unconstitutional. When a party’s sole claim is that a statute is unconstitutional, the claim may be heard in a declaratory judgment action outside of the administrative proceeding, since an administrative agency cannot determine the constitutional validity of a statute. See Fairview Gen. Hosp. v. Fletcher (1992), 63 Ohio St.3d 146, 586 N.E.2d 80. [33]*33See, also, Staffilino Chevrolet, Inc. v. Gen. Motors Corp. (1993), 86 Ohio App.3d 247, 250, 620 N.E.2d 256, 258. Since plaintiff is seeking a declaratory judgment as to the constitutionality of R.C. 4507.169, plaintiffs action is not an appeal of the license suspension that is governed by R.C. 119.12, but rather an original action properly brought before a court.

The state also argues that, even if plaintiff’s suit is not an appeal of an administrative decision, this court lacks jurisdiction over plaintiffs suit for declaratory judgment. It is well settled that a municipal court is a court of record with the power to grant declaratory relief provided it has subject-matter jurisdiction over the underlying action. R.C. 2721.02; State ex rel. Foreman v. Bellefontaine Mun. Court (1967), 12 Ohio St.2d 26, 41 O.O.2d 159, 231 N.E.2d 70. The state further argues that this court does not have jurisdiction over this action on the grounds that a municipal court’s jurisdiction over misdemeanors is granted by R.C. 1901.20, which limits a municipal court’s jurisdiction to a “violation of any ordinance of any municipal corporation within its territory and of any misdemeanors committed within the limits of its territory.” (Emphasis added.)-

The state correctly asserts that plaintiffs misdemeanor resulting in the driving suspension occurred in Indiana, well outside the territorial limits of this court’s jurisdiction. Unfortunately, the state is attempting to apply the standard for subject-matter jurisdiction of misdemeanors to a civil case. Plaintiffs underlying misdemeanor conviction in Indiana is not the subject matter of plaintiffs civil suit, but rather the alleged unconstitutional suspension of plaintiffs driving privileges in Ohio. Plaintiffs suit is undoubtedly civil in nature and, as such, must meet only the standard for subject-matter jurisdiction of civil matters.

“A municipal court has subject-matter jurisdiction of an action when three jurisdictional requirements are met: (1) Monetary jurisdiction — in an action for money damages the amount claimed must not exceed ten thousand dollars (R.C. 1901.17); (2) Categorical jurisdiction — the action must fall within one of the categories of actions which the court is authorized to hear and determine (R.C. 1901.18); and (3) Territorial jurisdiction — the action must have at least one of the three well-defined contacts with the territorial limits of the municipal court (R.C. 1901.02; 1901.19[D]).” Melamed v. Catalano (M.C.1981), 20 O.O.3d 428, 435.

Plaintiffs action meets all three jurisdictional requirements of this court. The monetary jurisdictional requirement is obviously met, since plaintiff does not demand any monetary damages.

Categorical jurisdiction is also met. In Urbana ex rel. Newlin v. Downing (1989), 43 Ohio St.3d 109, 539 N.E.2d 140, certiorari denied (1989), 493 U.S. 934, 110 S.Ct. 325, 107 L.Ed.2d 315, plaintiff brought a declaratory judgment action in municipal court to have five adult magazines declared obscene under an Urbana [34]*34obscenity ordinance. On appeal, defendants contested the municipal court’s categorical jurisdiction to grant declaratory relief. The Ohio Supreme Court held that the Urbana Municipal Court had categorical jurisdiction over declaratory judgment actions. In its reasoning, the court stated: “R.C. 1901.18 sets forth the subject-matter jurisdiction of the municipal courts. It provides in pertinent part: ‘(A) Subject to the monetary jurisdiction of municipal courts as set forth in section 1901.17 of the Revised Code, a municipal court has original jurisdiction within its territory * * * (1) In any civil action, of whatever nature or remedy, of which judges of county courts have jurisdiction * * ” (Emphasis sic.) Urbana, 43 Ohio St.3d at 110, 539 N.E.2d at 141.

County courts are courts with limited jurisdiction that is set forth in R.C. Chapter 1907. However, like municipal courts, county courts are courts of record for all purposes of law. R.C. 1907.01. And according to the Declaratory Judgment Act, courts of record may declare rights, status, and other legal relations whether or not further relief is or could be claimed. Since a county court has the authority to grant declaratory relief, then this court has categorical jurisdiction to grant declaratory relief, if the monetary and territorial elements of jurisdiction are met.

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Related

State v. Dulaney
2013 Ohio 3985 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2013)
Hughes v. Ohio Bur. of Motor Vehicles
1997 Ohio 387 (Ohio Supreme Court, 1997)
Hughes v. Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles
681 N.E.2d 430 (Ohio Supreme Court, 1997)

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Bluebook (online)
67 Ohio Misc. 2d 29, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wright-v-ohio-bureau-of-motor-vehicles-ohmunicthamilto-1994.