Wood v. New York City Transit Authority

699 F. App'x 76
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedOctober 30, 2017
Docket16-3101-cv
StatusUnpublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 699 F. App'x 76 (Wood v. New York City Transit Authority) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wood v. New York City Transit Authority, 699 F. App'x 76 (2d Cir. 2017).

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Appellant Jeffrey Wood (“plaintiff’ or ‘Wood”), proceeding pro se, appeals the District Court’s grant of summary judgment 1 in favor of his employer, the New York City Transit Authority (“NYCTA” or “defendant”), on his claims of racial discrimination and retaliation in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Wood, a New York City bus driver, filed suit after he was not promoted to dispatcher. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history, and the issues on appeal.

We review de novo an order granting summary judgment and “resolv[e] all ambiguities and draw[ ] all permissible factual inferences in favor of the party against whom summary judgment is sought.” Burg v. Gosselin, 591 F.3d 95, 97 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). “A defendant is entitled to summary judgment where the plaintiff has failed to come forth with evidence sufficient to permit a reasonable juror to return a verdict in his or her favor on an essential element of a claim on which the plaintiff^ ] bear[s] the burden of proof.” Selevan v. N.Y. Thruway Auth., 711 F.3d 253, 256 (2d Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks and alterations omitted). “[Cjonclusory statements or mere allegations [are] not sufficient to defeat a summary judgment motion.” Davis v. New York, 316 F.3d 93, 100 (2d Cir. 2002).

Wood brought both a failure-to-promote claim and an unequal-terms-and-eondi-tions-of employment (disparate treatment) claim under Title VII. We analyze both under the burden-shifting framework of McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). Under McDonnell Douglas, plaintiff has the burden of establishing a prima facie case of discrimination. Id. If the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case, the burden shifts to the employer to present a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for its action. Id. If an employer proffers a legitimate motive, the plaintiff must establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the presented reason is pretext for an otherwise discriminatory action. Vega v. Hempstead Union Free Sch. Dist., 801 F.3d 72, 83 (2d Cir. 2015).

To establish a prima facie claim for failure to promote, plaintiff must show that: (1) he is a member of a protected class; (2) he was qualified for the position at issue; (3) he was denied the position; and (4) the circumstances of the adverse employment decision give rise to an inference of unlawful discrimination. Terry v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 128, 138 (2d Cir. 2003). Once an employer has proffered a nondiscriminatory reason for failure to promote an employee, the employee must proffer evidence that his credentials were so superior to the person hired that “no reasonable person, in the exercise of impartial judgment, could have chosen the candidate selected over the plaintiff for the job in question.” Byrnie v. Town of Cromwell, Bd. of Educ., 243 F.3d 93, 103 (2d Cir. 2001) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). If the aggrieved employee cannot proffer evidence sufficient to permit an inference of pretext, the employer is entitled to summary judgment. James v. N.Y. Racing Ass’n, 233 F.3d 149, 154 (2d Cir. 2000) (citations omitted).

We agree with the District Court that, although Wood established a prime facie claim for failure to promote, he subsequently failed to proffer any evidence that the NYCTA’s legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for not promoting him to dispatcher was pretextual. The record indicates that Wood was not promoted because he had a prior 30-day suspension for gross misconduct for a “major preventable accident.” In June 2006, he collided with a car at an intersection and crashed his bus into a nearby house, injuring multiple people. The NYCTA later found that Wood had failed to exercise appropriate defensive driving techniques and that he had been driving at an excessive speed. Though the NYCTA first recommended that Wood be terminated, it ultimately settled on a 30-day suspension. In an effort to rebut these undisputed facts, plaintiff pointed to other employees who had been promoted over him. However, none of these employees had been penalized for similar or worse conduct, and each had better driving and disciplinary records. Plaintiff thus failed to establish that the NYCTA’s decision to promote other employees over him amounted to pretext for an otherwise discriminatory action, and the District Court properly found for defendant in this respect.

The District Court also correctly held that Wood failed to state a prima facie disparate treatment claim because he failed to prove that a similarly-situated NYCTA employee outside of his protected group received preferential treatment in promotion. We consider employees to be similarly situated if they are “(1) subject to the same performance evaluation and discipline standards and (2) engaged in comparable conduct.” Ruiz v. Cnty. of Rockland, 609 F.3d 486, 493-94 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Wood had the burden of providing evidence to the District Court that he and the alleged comparator employee(s) were “similarly situated in all material respects.” Graham v. Long Island RR., 230 F.3d 34, 39 (2d Cir. 2000) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). He failed to meet this burden.

Wood contends that the District Court erred in finding that Candidate 18 did not engage in conduct comparable to his own. We disagree. Candidate 18’s record reflected one 20-day suspension for failing to wear a seatbelt and for failing to make proper stop announcements on his route. The District Court correctly held that this misconduct was not sufficiently comparable to the events that gave rise to Wood’s 30-day suspension. It is true, as Wood observes, that Candidate 18’s record also reflected his involvement in a “major preventable accident,” for which he received a 10-day suspension. However, Wood presented no details of the nature of this incident, nor did he fulfill his burden of proving that the circumstances of Candidate 18’s accident were comparable to the circumstances of his own.

The District Court also correctly determined that Candidate 63 was not similarly situated to Wood. Candidate 63 was suspended for an incident in which the right rear wheel of his bus struck the front wheel of a bicycle. No one was injured. These facts are not sufficiently similar to Wood’s major preventable accident, in which five people were hospitalized and Wood caused considerable damage to a private home.

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Bluebook (online)
699 F. App'x 76, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wood-v-new-york-city-transit-authority-ca2-2017.