Rothrock, J.
I.. The plaintiff, as his cause of action against the defendant, relies upon two written instruments, which are in these words:
“The Western Union Fuel Company. President’s Office, Oskaloosa, Iowa. J. K. Craves, President; H. W. McNeill, Vice President; W. T. Phillips, Secretary.
“Oskaloosa, 3-3-85.
“ Union Scale Company, Bes Moines, Iowa.
“DeaeSies: — I want a fifty-two foot track scale, built complete, without fail, this month, at Seymour, Iowa, a point on the southwest branch of the C., R. I. & P., in Wayne county. I will want ninety days, prefer four months. Address, with quotations:
“F. A. Hill, Manager, Seymour, Iowa.
“Res’y. Yours,
“[Signed] H. W. McNeill.”
Exhibit B is as follows:
“Size of platform scale, 'fifty-two feet. P. 0., town of Seymour, county of Wayne, Iowa. Union Scale Company, March 5, 1885. Please send me from Des Moines one forty-ton, fifty-two feet, R. R. T. scale complete, triple beam. Seymour Coal Company to dig pit. Marked tó Seymour, Wayne county, Iowa, via C., R. I. & P. R. R., for which we agree to pay six hundred and fifteen dollars, as follows: Within ninety days after scale is completed, payable at Des Moines Bank, Des Moines; and it is hereby agreed by the undersigned that the Union Scale Company do not relinquish the title to said scale until it is fully paid for, and upon default of the undersigned in the performance of any of the terms of this agreement the said Union Scale Company may declare the amount agreed to be paid by this contract due and payable, and they or their agents may, without process of law, take possession of and remove said scale, and collect reasonable charges for damages and expenses. It is also agreed [477]*477that the undersigned may retain possession of and use the said scales until he shall make default in the terms of this agreement. Union Scale Company agrees to have scales completed by April 1, 1885.
“F. A. Hill, Manager.
“ [Indorsed:]
“Received March 27, ’85, the track scale No. 1,236, in good order, as per within contract.
“F. A. Hill,
“Manager of Seymour Coal Co.”
It appears that upon the receipt of the letter signed by the defendant, the president of - the scale company 1. Sales: contract cot agent: liability of principal. went to Seymour and made the contract signed by F. A. Hill, Manager. The question to he determined on the trial was whether McNeill was personally liable upon the contract. The cause has once before been in this court upon an appeal by the defendant. 78 Iowa, 40. The appeal was from an order opening up a default and awarding a new trial to the defendant. It was claimed by the appellant in that case that the two writings above set out constituted a contract in writing, which could not be disputed by parol evidence, excepting to show fraud or mistake. This court, in the opinion in that case, used the following language in determining that question: “The first writing does not constitute an agreement, but is a statement, at most, of what the defendant wants, and a request for terms to be sent to a person designated as ‘manager.’ It does not say that such person is manager of the defendant’s business, although such an inference might be warranted, in the absence of notice to the contrary. The second of the two instruments relied upon by the plaintiff is an order for scales, on terms therein designated. It does not name the defendant in any manner, and is signed ‘F. A. Hill, Manager.’ The receipt indorsed on the order shows that the scales' were deliv-[478]*478erecl to Hill, ‘manager for Seymour Coal Company.’ If any one but Hill is shown to have received the scales, it must be the coal company. It is alleged by the defendant that Hill was not his agent, and was not authorized to contract for him in the purchase of the scales, and that the scale company knew that fact. The two writings together do not show anything to the contrary, and, if the scale company filled the order with knowledge that Hill was not acting for the defendant in making it, the first writing would not estop him from showing that fact. We think the petition for a new trial showed a meritorious defense to the action, and that it should not have been stricken from the files.” We think, now that the question is fairly presented, and in the light of the evidence introduced upon the trial, that when the .president of the scale company went to Seymour and took the order for this scale, he was warranted in believing and acting on the belief that he was dealing with an authorized agent of the defendant in making the sale. It is trite that the name “Seymour Coal Co.” is used in the order, and in the indorsement the signature is “F. A. Hill, Manager for Seymour Coal Co.” But there is evidence to the effect that the “Seymour Coal Co.” was the mere name of an enterprise which was carried on by the defendant. At least the court was warranted in finding that, at the time these papers were executed and the scale delivered and put in place, the defendant was the promoter and real party in interest in carrying on the “Seymour Coal Co.” It appears that the said company was then neither a partnership nor a coporation. We need not set out the evidence in detail.
II. It is claimed that if it be found that Hill was manager for the defendant, he exceeded his authority and 2. -: -: -. the contract he made is void because Hill exceeded his authority as agent in contracting that the Seymour Coal Company would dig the [479]*479pit for the scale. It is claimed that the letter of the ■defendant required that scale to be built complete. The ■excavation of the pit was the mere removal of the earth, •so that the scale could be properly built. It surely would be within the scope of the powers of a manager ■of the business to determine the incidents or details of the contract. The same may be said of the claim that Hill had no power to purchase a scale and stipulate that the vendor should retain the title to the scale until paid for. When the defendant put Hill in charge of the enterprise and referred the scale company to him as manager, and the president of the scale company, in response to the letter, went to Seymour and found him In charge of the work, he was warranted in contracting with Hill for a scale on “ninety days,” and to make the passing of the title dependent upon the payments of the purchase price. There is nothing in McNeill’s letter, to the scale company which precludes such a stipulation as this.
III. We have said that the “Seymour Coal Co.,” at the time the scale was contracted for, was neither a 3. -: mortgage: estoppel. partnership nor a corporation. It was organized as a corporation in June, 1885. After the company was incorporated, the scale company took a chattel mortgage upon the scale for the purchase money. This mortgage was not a lien on the scale. It was sold to one Thatcher before the company was incorporated, and he recovered the property by an action which was appealed to this court. See Thatcher v. Scale Co., 74 Iowa, 117.
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Rothrock, J.
I.. The plaintiff, as his cause of action against the defendant, relies upon two written instruments, which are in these words:
“The Western Union Fuel Company. President’s Office, Oskaloosa, Iowa. J. K. Craves, President; H. W. McNeill, Vice President; W. T. Phillips, Secretary.
“Oskaloosa, 3-3-85.
“ Union Scale Company, Bes Moines, Iowa.
“DeaeSies: — I want a fifty-two foot track scale, built complete, without fail, this month, at Seymour, Iowa, a point on the southwest branch of the C., R. I. & P., in Wayne county. I will want ninety days, prefer four months. Address, with quotations:
“F. A. Hill, Manager, Seymour, Iowa.
“Res’y. Yours,
“[Signed] H. W. McNeill.”
Exhibit B is as follows:
“Size of platform scale, 'fifty-two feet. P. 0., town of Seymour, county of Wayne, Iowa. Union Scale Company, March 5, 1885. Please send me from Des Moines one forty-ton, fifty-two feet, R. R. T. scale complete, triple beam. Seymour Coal Company to dig pit. Marked tó Seymour, Wayne county, Iowa, via C., R. I. & P. R. R., for which we agree to pay six hundred and fifteen dollars, as follows: Within ninety days after scale is completed, payable at Des Moines Bank, Des Moines; and it is hereby agreed by the undersigned that the Union Scale Company do not relinquish the title to said scale until it is fully paid for, and upon default of the undersigned in the performance of any of the terms of this agreement the said Union Scale Company may declare the amount agreed to be paid by this contract due and payable, and they or their agents may, without process of law, take possession of and remove said scale, and collect reasonable charges for damages and expenses. It is also agreed [477]*477that the undersigned may retain possession of and use the said scales until he shall make default in the terms of this agreement. Union Scale Company agrees to have scales completed by April 1, 1885.
“F. A. Hill, Manager.
“ [Indorsed:]
“Received March 27, ’85, the track scale No. 1,236, in good order, as per within contract.
“F. A. Hill,
“Manager of Seymour Coal Co.”
It appears that upon the receipt of the letter signed by the defendant, the president of - the scale company 1. Sales: contract cot agent: liability of principal. went to Seymour and made the contract signed by F. A. Hill, Manager. The question to he determined on the trial was whether McNeill was personally liable upon the contract. The cause has once before been in this court upon an appeal by the defendant. 78 Iowa, 40. The appeal was from an order opening up a default and awarding a new trial to the defendant. It was claimed by the appellant in that case that the two writings above set out constituted a contract in writing, which could not be disputed by parol evidence, excepting to show fraud or mistake. This court, in the opinion in that case, used the following language in determining that question: “The first writing does not constitute an agreement, but is a statement, at most, of what the defendant wants, and a request for terms to be sent to a person designated as ‘manager.’ It does not say that such person is manager of the defendant’s business, although such an inference might be warranted, in the absence of notice to the contrary. The second of the two instruments relied upon by the plaintiff is an order for scales, on terms therein designated. It does not name the defendant in any manner, and is signed ‘F. A. Hill, Manager.’ The receipt indorsed on the order shows that the scales' were deliv-[478]*478erecl to Hill, ‘manager for Seymour Coal Company.’ If any one but Hill is shown to have received the scales, it must be the coal company. It is alleged by the defendant that Hill was not his agent, and was not authorized to contract for him in the purchase of the scales, and that the scale company knew that fact. The two writings together do not show anything to the contrary, and, if the scale company filled the order with knowledge that Hill was not acting for the defendant in making it, the first writing would not estop him from showing that fact. We think the petition for a new trial showed a meritorious defense to the action, and that it should not have been stricken from the files.” We think, now that the question is fairly presented, and in the light of the evidence introduced upon the trial, that when the .president of the scale company went to Seymour and took the order for this scale, he was warranted in believing and acting on the belief that he was dealing with an authorized agent of the defendant in making the sale. It is trite that the name “Seymour Coal Co.” is used in the order, and in the indorsement the signature is “F. A. Hill, Manager for Seymour Coal Co.” But there is evidence to the effect that the “Seymour Coal Co.” was the mere name of an enterprise which was carried on by the defendant. At least the court was warranted in finding that, at the time these papers were executed and the scale delivered and put in place, the defendant was the promoter and real party in interest in carrying on the “Seymour Coal Co.” It appears that the said company was then neither a partnership nor a coporation. We need not set out the evidence in detail.
II. It is claimed that if it be found that Hill was manager for the defendant, he exceeded his authority and 2. -: -: -. the contract he made is void because Hill exceeded his authority as agent in contracting that the Seymour Coal Company would dig the [479]*479pit for the scale. It is claimed that the letter of the ■defendant required that scale to be built complete. The ■excavation of the pit was the mere removal of the earth, •so that the scale could be properly built. It surely would be within the scope of the powers of a manager ■of the business to determine the incidents or details of the contract. The same may be said of the claim that Hill had no power to purchase a scale and stipulate that the vendor should retain the title to the scale until paid for. When the defendant put Hill in charge of the enterprise and referred the scale company to him as manager, and the president of the scale company, in response to the letter, went to Seymour and found him In charge of the work, he was warranted in contracting with Hill for a scale on “ninety days,” and to make the passing of the title dependent upon the payments of the purchase price. There is nothing in McNeill’s letter, to the scale company which precludes such a stipulation as this.
III. We have said that the “Seymour Coal Co.,” at the time the scale was contracted for, was neither a 3. -: mortgage: estoppel. partnership nor a corporation. It was organized as a corporation in June, 1885. After the company was incorporated, the scale company took a chattel mortgage upon the scale for the purchase money. This mortgage was not a lien on the scale. It was sold to one Thatcher before the company was incorporated, and he recovered the property by an action which was appealed to this court. See Thatcher v. Scale Co., 74 Iowa, 117. It is claimed that the plaintiff, by taking the chattel mortgage, recognized the “Seymour Coal Co.” as the purchaser, and is thereby estopped from making any claim against the defendant for the purchase price of the scale. It appears to us that the act of taking the mortgage lacks the essential elements of an estoppel. Perhaps as clear a statement of what is an estoppel by acts and declarations [480]*480as can be found is in Bouvier’s Law Dictionary, 541. It is as follows: “Such, as arises from the acts and declarations of a person by which he designedly induces another to alter his position injuriously to himself.” We have found that the district court was warranted from the evidence in finding that the defendant was liable on the contract, and the evidence shows that he afterwards counseled and promoted the organization of the corporation. But before that the “Seymour Coal Co.” made a valid sale of the scale to Thatcher. The scale company took nothing by its mortgage, and the defendant did not alter his position injuriously to himself by reason of the mortgage. He does not show that he gave up any security he held as a protection to himself against this claim, or in any other manner changed his relations or obligations to any one connected with this transaction.
IY. Englen, the president of the scale company, was a witness in behalf of the plaintiff. He testified 4. -: declarations of agent: competency. tliat he went to Seymour and made the contract with Hill. He was permitted to state, over the objection of the defendant, that when he went to Seymour he inquired of the landlord of the hotel at which he stopped “for the manager of McNeill’s business there, — the coal company,” — and that the landlord told him that the manager was stopping at the house, and could be seen in the morning. There was no prejudice to the defendant in permitting the witness to so testify. It did not tend to prove that Hill was the manager for McNeill. It was merely an inquiry describing the person for whom the witness was seeking.
_ It was also objected that the witness was permitted to state his conversation with Hill when the contract was made. This conversation was competent as showing that the witness sold the scale in good faith, believing that Hill was manager for McNeill. It is true [481]*481that the statements of Hill could not he received as proof of his agency. But the deposition of Hill was introduced in evidence in which he gave his account of the interview with Englen, the president of the scale company. He denied that he had authority to bind McNeill in the purchase of any scale, and nothing was said between him and Englen that could have led Englen to believe that McNeill was responsible for the scale. In view of the fact that the testimony of Englen was plainly contradictory to that of Hill, we think it was not erroneous to admit it. It is true it was offered before the deposition of Hill was read to the jury, but, as the deposition was on file, and afterwards introduced in evidence, it became merely a question of the order in which the’ evidence was introduced, and for that reason was not prejudicial to the defendant.
V. The plaintiff was examined as a witness, and testified that it was agreed between himself and" the 5. -: admissions: evidence. defendant that the plaintiff should foreclose the mortgage on the scale, sell it for what it would bring, credit it on the contract, and that the defendant would pay the balance. This evidence was objected to on the ground that the action is not based upon any such agreement, and as being entirely immaterial. It is true the action was not based upon such a contract as was detailed by the witness. But the evidence was clearly competent as contradicting the testimony of the defendant as to his liability, and as an admission that he was liable for the purchase price of the scale.
We have disposed of all the questions in the case which appear to us to demand consideration, and our conclusion is that the judgment of the district court should be affirmed.