Winfrey v. Downtown Delicatessen, Inc.

971 P.2d 476, 157 Or. App. 668, 1998 Ore. App. LEXIS 2242
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedDecember 16, 1998
Docket9412-08239; CA A91202
StatusPublished

This text of 971 P.2d 476 (Winfrey v. Downtown Delicatessen, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Winfrey v. Downtown Delicatessen, Inc., 971 P.2d 476, 157 Or. App. 668, 1998 Ore. App. LEXIS 2242 (Or. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinion

LINDER, J.

This is a personal injury action in which plaintiff sought damages for injuries she sustained from a blow to her jaw. While in a delicatessen, plaintiff and another customer became involved in an altercation. Defendant Ted Papas, an employee and co-owner of the delicatessen, intervened and, in responding to the altercation, struck plaintiff in the jaw. Plaintiff sued Papas for negligence and Downtown Delicatessen, Inc. (Delicatessen) for vicarious liability and negligent retention.1 As to all three claims, plaintiff sought identical damages for alleged medical and dental expenses, emotional distress, and lost earning capacity.2 Before trial, the trial court granted partial summary judgment for Delicatessen on the negligent retention claim. The claims against Papas for negligence and against Delicatessen for vicarious liability were tried to a jury. The jury found for plaintiff on both claims, awarding her $56,700 in damages. Plaintiff appeals, assigning error to the trial court’s grant of partial summary judgment and to the trial court’s denial of plaintiffs post-trial motion for costs and fees as monetary sanctions for alleged discovery violations.3 We affirm the entry of partial summary judgment and vacate the supplemental judgment denying costs, attorney fees, and sanctions.

As to plaintiffs first assignment of error — whether the trial court erred in granting partial summary judgment-defendants argue as a threshold matter that we [671]*671should not reach the issue because it is moot. They contend that plaintiff received full compensation when she accepted payment of the judgment and, therefore, we would be resolving merely an abstract question without practical effect. Defendants also characterize the problem as one of waiver, based on plaintiffs acceptance of the benefits of the judgment.4 Plaintiff, in response, argues that she has additional damages that were not placed before the jury on her negligence and vicarious liability claims. She urges that this appeal can improve her position because there is a potential, upon trial of the negligent retention claim, for her to obtain further compensation for damages arising from her injuries.

Because a ruling for plaintiff on her challenge to the grant of summary judgment on the negligent retention claim could result in a remand for trial on that claim, this is not a situation where we are called on to decide a purely abstract question of law, without any potential to afford practical relief. Thus, the problem is not one of mootness. See generally State ex rel Mult. Co. ESD v. Dooley, 295 Or 138, 664 P2d 417 (1983). Nor is the problem accurately described as a waiver of plaintiffs right to appeal by “acceptance of the benefits of the judgment.” See Graf v. Don Rasmussen Co., 39 Or App 311, 314, 592 P2d 250, rev den 286 Or 521 (1979). A conclusion that the negligent retention claim should have been submitted to the jury would not require reversal or retrial on plaintiffs other theories of liability. Thus, plaintiff need not risk what she has already won to challenge the summary judgment on her negligent retention claim. See id.

Although we disagree with defendants’ characterization of the problem, we do agree with defendants that plaintiff may not now proceed on her third theory of liability and attempt to improve her evidence on her damages. The real issue is whether, even assuming that the trial court erred in granting partial summary judgment, that error could have been prejudical to plaintiff in any way. Put simply, in light of her success before the jury on the alternative [672]*672theories of liability, did the partial grant of summary judgment prejudice plaintiff? We conclude that it did not.

Plaintiff pleaded three claims against two defendants, with identical general and compensatory damage allegations as to each. Specifically, in plaintiffs first claim for relief (negligence against Papas), plaintiff sought economic and noneconomic damages of: $1,000,000 for depression and loss of enjoyment of life; $12,000 for medical expenses; and $1,000,000 for lost earning capacity. In the second and third claims for relief (vicarious liability and negligent retention), plaintiff incorporated by reference those damage paragraphs from the first claim. Thus, the damages alleged on each of the three claims were identical.

In substance, then, plaintiffs complaint operated to assert a single set of damages, with three theories of potential liability and two potentially liable defendants. Plaintiff alleged that Papas was negligent for striking her, that Delicatessen should be vicariously liable for Papas’s negligence in striking her, and that Delicatessen should be directly hable for Papas’s negligence in striking her because it negligently retained him in its employ. As to all three claims, the damages were the same: injuries and losses suffered due to Papas’s single blow to plaintiffs jaw.

Consequently, when the trial court withdrew the negligent retention claim from the jury’s consideration, the only difference in the posture of the case was that the jury had two theories of liability to consider instead of three. There was no change in the character or number of defendants — that is, both Papas in an individual capacity and Delicatessen in a corporate capacity remained in the case. Nor did the elimination of the third claim alter the nature, scope, or amount of damages pleaded. When the case proceeded to trial on the remaining two claims, plaintiffs allegations of damages remained fully intact and plaintiffs ability fully to try the alleged damages was unchanged. Indeed, the allegations were tried, and they were tried successfully. The jury found both Papas and Delicatessen liable and awarded plaintiff economic and noneconomic damages totaling $56,700.

Given the way plaintiff pleaded her complaint, plaintiff cannot be said to have been prejudiced by the ruling [673]*673on the motion for partial summary judgment. The situation would be different had plaintiff alleged some damages on her stricken claim (negligent retention) that were not pleaded as part of the claims that the jury tried. To be sure, a plaintiff is entitled to structure a complaint as he or she may choose, alleging different damages on the various theories of liability, or identical damages, depending on the proofs and the plaintiffs trial strategy. Having structured her complaint as she did, however, plaintiff rendered the compensatory damage allegations as to each claim wholly redundant, and she necessarily was not harmed, in terms of her opportunity to prove her damages, when the court struck the one theory of liability.

Nevertheless, plaintiff urges that she is harmed because she has additional proofs that were not placed before the jury. She points first to evidence of future medical and dental expenses that she did not plead. Plaintiff moved to amend her complaint to add those damages. The trial court denied the motion on the ground that defendants had insufficient notice of those added damage claims, a ruling that plaintiff does not challenge on appeal. Plaintiff also relies on damages that she did properly plead, but that she then voluntarily declined to place before the jury. Specifically, plaintiff withdrew her damage claims for cracked teeth, depression, and loss of earning capacity in the amount of $1,000,000 and failed to present evidence of them to the jury. She did so only for “strategic reasons.”5

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Bluebook (online)
971 P.2d 476, 157 Or. App. 668, 1998 Ore. App. LEXIS 2242, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/winfrey-v-downtown-delicatessen-inc-orctapp-1998.