Wilson v. Wilson

820 A.2d 535, 2003 D.C. App. LEXIS 147
CourtDistrict of Columbia Court of Appeals
DecidedMarch 27, 2003
DocketNo. 02-PR-394
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 820 A.2d 535 (Wilson v. Wilson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District of Columbia Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wilson v. Wilson, 820 A.2d 535, 2003 D.C. App. LEXIS 147 (D.C. 2003).

Opinion

WASHINGTON, Associate Judge:

In this case, we are asked to decide whether under either the U.S. Constitution or the D.C.Code there is a right to a jury trial in a will contest. The trial court concluded that there was not, and we agree.

I.

This case involves a dispute between two brothers, Mr. Oliver Wilson and Mr. James Wilson, over the administration of the estate of their aunt, Ms. Margrete Johnson. Following Ms. Johnson’s death, James Wilson and his wife, Carolyn Wilson, were appointed co-personal represen[537]*537tatives of the Johnson estate. Shortly after their appointment, James and Carolyn filed a lawsuit on behalf of the estate against Oliver. James and Carolyn sought to recover $87,000 that had been transferred from a joint account held in both Oliver and Ms. Johnson’s names shortly before Ms. Johnson’s death. Oliver counterclaimed, challenging the validity of Ms. Johnson’s will by alleging fraud, undue influence, and fraudulent inducement. In his counterclaim, Oliver demanded a jury trial.

Prior to trial, summary judgment was entered in favor of James and Carolyn on their claim. Thus, the only issue to be decided during the trial was the validity of the will. On September 21, 2001, the Honorable José López concluded that there was no right to a jury trial in a will contest and proceeded to conduct a bench trial. At the conclusion of the trial, Judge López ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, concluding that the will was valid. Oliver now appeals. On appeal, the only question before this court is whether the trial judge properly denied the appellant a trial by jury on his claims.

II.

Under Rule 38(a) of the District of Columbia Rules of Civil Procedure,1 “[t]he right to a trial by jury as declared by the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution or as given by an applicable statute shall be preserved to the parties inviolate.”2 Thus, for the appellant to prevail, we must find that either the Seventh Amendment provides a Constitutional right to a jury trial in will contests or the D.C.Code explicitly provides for a jury trial. We look first to the D.C.Code and then the Constitution.

A. D.C.Code

As already discussed, the right to a jury trial in a will contest must either be guaranteed under the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution or given by statute. D.C.Code § 20-305 (2001) provides the process for challenging the validity of a will and is the statute governing whether or not there is a statutory right to a jury trial in a will contest.

Except as provided in section 20-353(b), any person may file a verified complaint to contest the validity of a will within 6 months following notice by publication of the appointment or reappointment of a personal representative under section 20-704. The person filing the complaint shall give notice to all interested parties.

D.C.Code § 20-305 (2001). Appellant concedes that the current version of the Code is silent as to whether the determination of a will lies with the court or a jury. However, the appellant alleges that when examining the legislative history, it is clear that the D.C. Council intended to preserve the right to a jury trial in a will contest.

“As a threshold matter, we acknowledge the often stated axiom that ‘the words of [a] statute should be construed [538]*538according to their ordinary sense and with the meaning commonly attributed to them.’ ” E.R.B. v. J.H.F. 496 A.2d 607, 609 (1985) (quoting Davis v. United States, 397 A.2d 951, 956 (D.C.1979)). “When the plain meaning of the statutory language is unambiguous, the intent of the legislature is clear, and judicial inquiry need go no further.” District of Columbia v. Gallagher, 734 A.2d 1087, 1091 (D.C.1999). However, “the literal meaning of a statute will not be followed when it produces absurd results” and “whenever possible, the words of a statute are to be construed to avoid obvious injustice.” Peoples Drug Stores, Inc. v. District of Columbia, 470 A.2d 751, 754 (D.C.1983) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).

Since the statute’s silence is not ambiguous and reading the statute as it is plainly written will not produce an absurd result or result in obvious injustice, we are constrained to read the statute as it is plainly written and need not examine the legislative history. As such, we can only conclude that there is no statutory right in the District of Columbia to a jury trial in a will contest. Accordingly, we must now determine whether such a right exists under the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution.

B. The Seventh Amendment

The Seventh Amendment3 to the Constitution states that “[i]n suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.” U.S. CONST, amend. VII. When determining whether there is a Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial we must take care to remember that “[m]ain-tenance of the jury as a fact-finding body is of such importance and occupies so firm a place in our history and jurisprudence that any seeming curtailment of the right to a jury trial should be scrutinized with the utmost care.” Dimick v. Schiedt, 293 U.S. 474, 486, 55 S.Ct. 296, 79 L.Ed. 603 (1935). Appellant argues that although a will contest is, strictly speaking, a suit in equity, courts in common law and the courts in the District of Columbia have permitted the claims of lack of testamentary capacity, fraud, and undue influence to be heard by a jury.

“The right to a jury trial extends not only to common-law forms of action, but also to subsequently created legal remedies in which legal, as distinguished from equitable, rights are at issue.” Johnson v. Fairfax Vill. Condo. IV Unit Owners Assoc., 641 A.2d 495, 505 (D.C.1994) (citation omitted). “The Seventh Amendment question depends on the nature of the issue to be tried rather than the character of the overall action.” Id. (quoting Ross v. Bernhard, 396 U.S. 531, 538, 90 S.Ct. 733, 24 L.Ed.2d 729 (1970)). Thus, we have stated the proposition to be that “where the issue in dispute is legal in nature a constitutional right to trial by jury attaches; where the issue, however, is equitable in nature there is not a constitutional right to a jury trial.” Id. (quoting E.R.B., 496 A.2d at 611).

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Related

In Re Estate of Johnson
820 A.2d 535 (District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 2003)

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Bluebook (online)
820 A.2d 535, 2003 D.C. App. LEXIS 147, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wilson-v-wilson-dc-2003.