Wills-Hingos v. Raymond Corp.

104 F. App'x 773
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedJuly 1, 2004
DocketNo. 03-7912
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 104 F. App'x 773 (Wills-Hingos v. Raymond Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wills-Hingos v. Raymond Corp., 104 F. App'x 773 (2d Cir. 2004).

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Defendant appeals from (1) that part of a judgment entered November 7, 2002, after a jury verdict, awarding plaintiff $57,500 for lost wages and $5,000 for pain, suffering and mental anguish on her Title VII pregnancy discrimination claim; (2) a judgment entered August 4, 2003, also incorporating an order filed August 1, 2003, collectively denying defendant’s motion for judgment as a matter of law pursuant to Fed R. Civ. Pro. 50, or, alternatively, for a new trial pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 59, and awarding plaintiff front pay in the sum of $38,300, prejudgment interest, attorney’s fees and costs.

Defendant contends in support of either or both its Rule 50 and 59 motions that: (1) plaintiff failed to establish that pregnancy was a motivating factor for her termination; (2) the back pay award should be reduced and front pay denied because of plaintiffs failure to mitigate damages, and (3) plaintiff misled the court and jury to believe that she was not represented by counsel before the New York State Human Rights Division, which issued a finding of no probable cause. We reject each of these contentions, finding no error in the district court’s denials of these motions.

Judgment as a matter of law is appropriate following a jury verdict only if “there exists such a complete absence of evidence supporting the verdict that the jury’s findings could only have been the result of sheer surmise and conjecture, or the evidence in favor of the movant is so overwhelming that reasonable and fair minded persons could not arrive at a verdict against it.” Luciano v. Olsten Corp., 110 F.3d 210, 214 (2d Cir.1997) (internal quotations and citations omitted). “In reviewing the denial of judgment as a matter of law on appeal, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party and may reverse the denial of judgment as a matter of law only if the evidence is such that, with credibility assessments made against the moving party and all inferences drawn against the moving party, there can be but one conclusion as to the verdict that reasonable jurors could have reached.” Id. at 214-15 (citations omitted).

A district court’s denial of a motion for a new trial is reviewed for abuse of discretion. See SCS Communications, Inc. v. Herrick Co., Inc., 360 F.3d 329, 344 (2d Cir.2004). “A motion for a new trial ordinarily should not be granted unless the trial court is convinced that the jury has reached a seriously erroneous result or that the verdict is a miscarriage of justice.” Atkins v. New York City, 143 F.3d 100, 102 (2d Cir.1998).

I. Sufficiency of the Evidence of Pregnancy Discrimination

Pregnancy discrimination is expressly proscribed under Title VII, 42 U.S.C.2000e-2(a), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(k); thus, it is subject to the same principles applicable to all Title VII discrimination [775]*775cases and all other employment-related anti-discrimination federal statutes. See, e.g., Kerzer v. Kingly Mfg., 156 F.3d 396, 400 (2d Cir.1998) (applying “the three-step burden shifting analysis of McDonnell Douglas” to pregnancy disparate treatment claim). Whether judgment as matter of law would be appropriate in such cases “will depend on a number of factors,” including: “the strength of the plaintiffs prima facie case, the probative value of the proof that the employer’s explanation is false, and any other evidence that supports the employer’s case and that properly may be considered on [such] a motion.” Reeves v, Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 148-49, 120 S.Ct. 2097, 147 L.Ed.2d 105 (2000). In making this determination, our function “is to examine the entire record and, in accordance with Reeves, make the case-specific assessment as to whether a finding of discrimination may reasonably be made.” Zimmermann v. Assocs. First Capital Corp., 251 F.3d 376, 382 (2d Cir.2001)(applying Reeves factors in upholding jury verdict).

Plaintiff presented sufficient evidence to allow the jury to conclude that defendant’s proffered reason for discharging her — that she had been insubordinate the day before she was terminated — was pretextual, and that the defendant intentionally discriminated against her because of her pregnancy: (1) she had an unblemished job performance record and was terminated shortly after the defendant learned of her pregnancy; (2) her due date coincided with the planned acquisition of a new machine she would be responsible for operating, which would require someone to be trained on the machine while plaintiff was on maternity leave; (3) her termination occurred immediately after she returned to work after a one week absence due to pregnancy-related conditions; (4) she had previously taken time off from work for another medical condition without incident; (5) defendant’s explanation for her termination was controverted not only by her testimony, but also by the testimony of her immediate supervisor; (6) the termination was inconsistent with the employer’s personnel policy because plaintiff was immediately terminated for a reason that did not warrant such precipitous action, rather than suspended pending an investigation, and (7) the manager who terminated plaintiff had repeatedly questioned her about her due date and had asked her whether she would be a stay-at-home mom.

II. Mitigation

“Victims of employment discrimination are required to mitigate their damages.” Greenway v. Buffalo Hilton Hotel, 143 F.3d 47, 53 (2d Cir.1998). Discharged employees have a duty to “use reasonable diligence in finding other suitable employment,” Ford Motor Co. v. E.E.O.C., 458 U.S. 219, 231, 102 S.Ct. 3057, 73 L.Ed.2d 721 (1982) — the duty is “not onerous.” Dailey v. Societe Generale, 108 F.3d 451, 456 (2d Cir.1997). The ultimate question “is whether the plaintiff acted reasonably in attempting to gain other employment or in rejecting proffered employment.” Hawkins v. 1115 Legal Service Care, 163 F.3d 684, 695 (2d Cir.1998) (internal quotations and citations omitted). Suitable employment means a job that is “substantially equivalent” to plaintiffs former job. Ford Motor Co., 458 U.S. at 232, 102 S.Ct. 3057. While a plaintiff must demonstrate reasonable diligence in seeking suitable employment, “[t]he employer has the ultimate burden of proving that the discriminatee failed to mitigate damages.” N.L.R.B. v. Thalbo Corp.,

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104 F. App'x 773, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wills-hingos-v-raymond-corp-ca2-2004.