Willover v. State

38 S.W.3d 672, 2001 Tex. App. LEXIS 1039, 2000 WL 1790258
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedFebruary 13, 2001
Docket01-98-01066-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by20 cases

This text of 38 S.W.3d 672 (Willover v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Willover v. State, 38 S.W.3d 672, 2001 Tex. App. LEXIS 1039, 2000 WL 1790258 (Tex. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinions

OPINION

COHEN, Justice.

A jury found appellant guilty of aggravated sexual assault and assessed punishment at life in prison. We reverse and remand.

EXCLUSION OF THE COMPLAINANT’S VIDEOTAPED INTERVIEW

In point of error one, appellant contends the trial court erred by refusing to show the jury two videotapes of the complainant’s interview by a child abuse specialist.

The State contends appellant waived the error because he never offered the tapes during or after the complainant’s testimony. We disagree. Appellant offered the tapes both before and after the complainant’s testimony. Both times the State objected, and both times the judge ruled them inadmissible.

In one interview, the complainant never accused appellant of abuse. She accused someone else. In the other, she accused appellant. At trial, appellant sought to admit both tapes. The complainant, whom the interviewer said was “developmentally challenged,” had difficulty answering questions coherently and stating the difference between the truth and a he.

Two Texas courts have held it was reversible error to exclude such evidence. See Patmore v. State, 881 S.W.2d 97, 99 (Tex.App.—Eastland 1992, no pet.); Hall v. State, 764 S.W.2d 19, 21 (Tex.App.— Amarillo 1988, no pet.). Our highest criminal law court has declared, “The rule of admissibility of evidence of this nature should be liberal.... ” Smith v. State, 520 S.W.2d 383, 386 (Tex.Crim.App.1975). The purpose is to admit . any evidence which gives promise of exposing falsehood.” Id. The Hall opinion is emphatic: “Certainly, had [the complainant] personally testified and directly indicated that appellant was her assailant, the videotape would have been admissible as evidence of a prior inconsistent statement. Tex. R.CRIm.Evid. 612(a)1....” 764 S.W.2d at [674]*67421. That happened here. These opinions are unanimous and well reasoned.

The trial judge sustained the State’s objection, which was based on Tex. Code Crim.P.Ann. art. 38.071 (Vernon Supp.2000). The judge concluded the videotapes were inadmissible because they were made after the complaint was filed. See id. at §§ 2(a), 5(a). Those sections make such recordings admissible when, among other things, they were made before the complaint was filed. This ruling was error, however, because article 38.071 does not apply to this case. “This article applies only ... if the trial court finds that the child is unavailable to testify at the trial of the offense_” Tex.Code CRiM. P.Ann. art. 38.071, § 1 (Vernon Supp. 2000); Matz v. State, 989 S.W.2d 419, 423 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1999), rev’d on other grounds, 14 S.W.3d 746 (Tex.Crim.App.2000). The trial court never found that, and the complainant testified at trial.

On appeal, the State does not contend its trial objection based on article 38.071 had merit. It does not mention article 38.071 at all. Instead, the State now contends for the first time that the videotapes were inadmissible because appellant never met the rule 613(a) predicate for admission of a witness’s prior inconsistent statement. See Tex.R.Evid. 613(a).2 At trial, the State never mentioned rule 613(a). It would be unfair to allow the State now to penalize appellant for not complying with rule 613 when the State never objected on that basis in the trial court. If it had, appellant would have been on notice of the claimed defect and could have cured it. That is why we require objections. Zillender v. State, 557 S.W.2d 515, 517 (Tex.Crim.App.1977).

Requiring a timely and specific objection is not a mere “technicality.” Rather, it is one of the most important things that makes a fair trial fair. It is required by statute. Tex.R.Evid. 103(a). The rule has exceptions, but they are few and far between. See Tex.R.Evid. 103(d) (entitled “Fundamental Error in Criminal Cases”). In almost every appellate case, the State invokes the requirement against the defendant, the opposite of the parties’ posture here, and we enforce it vigorously. The policy applies to the State, as well as to defendants. Sedani v. State, 848 S.W.2d 314, 320-21 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, pet. ref'd) (op. on reh’g); see Robinson v. State, 548 S.W.2d 63, 66 (Tex.Crim.App.1977) (“A good rule of evidence works both ways.”). We hold that to allow the State to exclude a defendant’s evidence for secret reasons, unheard of in the trial court and revealed only belatedly on appeal when it is too late for the defendant to respond, would be a denial of due process of law. Id.; see State v. Gonzales, 850 S.W.2d 672, 675 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 1993, pet. ref'd) (in a state’s appeal, applying the rule against a criminal defendant, stating, “It would be inappropriate for a reviewing court to determine that the suppression of the evidence is supported on other grounds when the trial court did not address any other possible grounds for the suppression.”).

But even if we were to allow the State to raise its new objection under rule 613(a) now, after the trial has ended and after appellant has lost his right to respond, the State would not prevail. Rule 613(a) does not apply to this case because its last sentence provides, “This provision does not apply to admissions of a party-opponent as defined in Rule 801(e)(2).”3 Rule 801(e)(2) provides:

[675]*675(e) A statement is not hearsay if:
(1) •••
(2) Admission by Party — Opponent. The statement is offered against a party and is:
(A) The party’s own statement in either an individual or representative capacity;
(B) a statement of which the party has manifested an adoption or belief in its truth;
(C) a statement by a person authorized by the party to make a statement concerning the subject;
(D) a statement by the party’s agent or servant concerning a matter within the scope of the agency or employment, made during the existence of the relationship; or
(E) a statement by a co-conspirator of a party during the course and in furtherance of the conspiracy.

Tex.R.Evid. 801(e)(2). Thus, appellant did not have to meet the requirements of rule 613(a) because he was offering the admission of the complaining witness herself, ie., an admission attributable to the party-opponent. The Austin Court of Appeals so held in Cuyler v. State, 841 S.W.2d 933, 935 (Tex.App.—Austin 1992, no pet.). We agree with Cuyler.

We realize that the Austin Court has overruled its holding in Cuyler. See Halstead v. State, 891 S.W.2d 11, 12 n. 1 (Tex.App.-Austin 1994, no pet.). The Halstead

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Bluebook (online)
38 S.W.3d 672, 2001 Tex. App. LEXIS 1039, 2000 WL 1790258, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/willover-v-state-texapp-2001.