Williams v. Staples

785 N.E.2d 963, 337 Ill. App. 3d 445, 271 Ill. Dec. 769, 2003 Ill. App. LEXIS 179
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedFebruary 13, 2003
Docket1-02-0397 Rel
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 785 N.E.2d 963 (Williams v. Staples) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Williams v. Staples, 785 N.E.2d 963, 337 Ill. App. 3d 445, 271 Ill. Dec. 769, 2003 Ill. App. LEXIS 179 (Ill. Ct. App. 2003).

Opinion

JUSTICE GREIMAN

delivered the opinion of the court:

Plaintiff Paul Williams, a person found not guilty by reason of insanity of first degree murder, filed a petition in the trial court for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to section 10 — 124 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/10 — 124 (West 2000)). In that petition, plaintiff alleged that his confinement in the custody of the Department of Human Services was rendered unlawful by the expiration of his maximum period of confinement under section 5 — 2—4(b) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Code) (730 ILCS 5/5 — 2—4(b) (West 2000)). The trial court denied plaintiffs petition, and he now appeals. For the reasons that follow, we reverse and remand.

On December 19, 1982, the trial court, the Honorable Fred G. Suria, found plaintiff not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) on the charge of first degree murder and admitted him, involuntarily, to the custody of the Illinois Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities, now the Department of Human Services (DHS). Thereafter, plaintiff was confined at the Elgin Mental Health Center, an inpatient psychiatric facility operated by the DHS.

On December 8, 2000, the trial court, once again the Honorable Fred G. Suria, issued an order granting the plaintiff conditional release for a period of five years under Code section 5 — 2—4(d)(2) (730 ILCS 5/5 — 2—4(d)(2) (West 2000)). The court also set September 26, 2001, as the last day for plaintiffs maximum period of confinement under Code section 5 — 2—4(b). Sometime after September 26, 2001, plaintiff allegedly violated the terms of his conditional release agreement by preliminarily testing positive for cocaine. Accordingly, the State filed a petition to revoke plaintiffs conditional release.

On November 28, 2001, plaintiff specially appeared to challenge the trial court’s continued jurisdiction past the expiration of his maximum period of confinement, i.e., September 26, 2001, and moved to dismiss the State’s petition to revoke his conditional release. The trial court denied the plaintiff’s motion and remanded him to the custody of the DHS. Plaintiff claims that his return to custody was for an evaluation as to whether he should be subject to involuntary admission.

On December 21, 2001, plaintiff filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, again challenging his confinement past the expiration of the maximum period of confinement under Code section 5 — 2—4(b). On December 28, 2001, the trial court, the Honorable William S. Wood, heard arguments regarding plaintiffs petition for a writ of habeas corpus. No evidence was produced at the hearing, and neither party asked the court to take judicial notice of any other orders. In addition to the facts that plaintiff alleged in his petition, he also revealed that Judge Suria issued a contempt citation and a $100,000 warrant for plaintiffs arrest following his testing positive for cocaine. According to the plaintiffs representations at the hearing, he was arrested four days later. The defendant, Nancy Staples, the director of the Elgin facility, responded that Judge Suria had held a hearing regarding plaintiffs conditional release and that the State had argued in favor of the trial court’s continuing jurisdiction. The defendant also noted that after the hearing regarding the court’s jurisdiction over plaintiffs conditional release violation, Judge Suria held that he had jurisdiction and ordered that the DHS evaluate the plaintiff. Finally, the State noted that plaintiffs contempt citation was still pending. The trial court then denied plaintiffs petition for a writ of habeas corpus.

The issues in the instant case involve only questions of law and statutory interpretation; therefore, the standard of review is de novo. People v. Hall, 195 Ill. 2d 1, 21 (2000).

Plaintiffs only argument on appeal is identical to that which he made twice before the trial court in his special appearance and in his petition for a writ of habeas corpus-, namely, that he is being unlawfully confined past the expiration of his maximum period of confinement under Code section 5 — 2—4(b). By way of background, proceedings after acquittal by reason of insanity are governed by Code section 5 — 2—4, which provides, in pertinent part, that if an NGRI acquittee is to be involuntarily committed to the DHS, that confinement:

“[SJhall not exceed the maximum length of time that the defendant would have been required to serve, less credit for good behavior, before becoming eligible for release had he been convicted of and received the maximum sentence for the most serious crime for which he has been acquitted by reason of insanity. The Court shall determine the maximum period of commitment by an appropriate order.” 730 ILCS 5/5 — 2—4(b) (West 2000).

The end of this period is known as the “Thiem” date. See People v. Cross, 274 Ill. App. 3d 159, 161 (1995); People v. Thiem, 82 Ill. App. 3d 956, 962 (1980) (holding that “the trial court should determine and fix a definite maximum period of commitment”). According to the supreme court, “[tjhe maximum thus determined will represent the outer limit of the defendant’s possible commitment. The defendant cannot be held beyond that maximum.” People v. Tanzy, 99 Ill. 2d 19, 21 (1983).

Consequently, when institutionalized NGRI acquittees reach their Thiem date, the DHS either releases them or recommits them as civil patients, voluntarily or involuntarily, depending on the circumstances. See Lucas v. Peters, 318 Ill. App. 3d 1, 5 (2000). In turn, the decision of whether NGRI acquittees are to be released or recommitted arises from a court’s weighing of his or her liberty interest in not being institutionalized indeterminably 1 against the State’s interest in protecting society from the premature release of mentally ill persons. See People v. Jurisec, 199 Ill. 2d 108, 129 (2002); People v. Palmer, 148 Ill. 2d 70, 94 (1992); People v. Winston, 191 Ill. App. 3d 948, 959 (1989).

Regardless of how a trial court wishes to proceed, however, Illinois courts consistently have held that the NGRI acquittees’ Thiem date is the outside limit for their period of confinement in the criminal or “forensic” 2 context. For example, in People v. Leppert, 105 Ill. App. 3d 514 (1982), this court held that “[t]he statute provides a clear formula for commitment: the time shall be indefinite, and the maximum is set by operation of law. *** The court may not state a maximum length of commitment any different than that provided by statute.” Leppert, 105 Ill. App. 3d at 519-20. Such language indicates that a court’s duty in that regard is ministerial rather than discretionary. See also People v. Pastewski, 164 Ill. 2d 189, 201 (1995) (“Given the rationale for the statute, it would be odd to place in the trial judge discretion to select, as a maximum period of commitment, a time other than the longest span provided by statute”).

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Williams v. Staples
Illinois Supreme Court, 2004

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785 N.E.2d 963, 337 Ill. App. 3d 445, 271 Ill. Dec. 769, 2003 Ill. App. LEXIS 179, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/williams-v-staples-illappct-2003.