Williams v. Bondi

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: October 10, 2025
• Docket: 24-7068
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 10 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

WAYNE ST. AUBYN WILLIAMS, No. 24-7068 Agency No. Petitioner, A078-628-599 v. MEMORANDUM* PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted October 7, 2025 ** Pasadena, California

Before: GILMAN,*** WARDLAW, and KOH, Circuit Judges.

Wayne St. Aubyn Williams, a native and citizen of Jamaica, petitions for

review of a decision by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing his

appeal of an order by an Immigration Judge (IJ) that denied his application for

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes that this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Ronald Lee Gilman, United States Circuit Judge for the Court of Appeals, 6th Circuit, sitting by designation. asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against

Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the

petition.

1. In his opening brief, Williams does not challenge the BIA’s denial of

his claims for asylum and for protection under the CAT. Those issues are therefore

waived. See Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1080 (9th Cir. 2013)

(holding that “this court will not ordinarily consider matters ‘that are not

specifically and distinctly argued in appellant’s opening brief’” (quoting Koerner

v. Grigas, 328 F.3d 1039,1048 (9th Cir. 2003))).

2. Williams’s sole challenge is to the BIA’s denial of his claim for

withholding of removal. He argues that the BIA erred in determining that his prior

armed-robbery conviction was a “particularly serious crime” that rendered him

ineligible for withholding. Williams’s challenge is without merit.

An alien is ineligible for withholding of removal if he has been convicted of

a “particularly serious crime.” 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii). The BIA had

discretion to determine whether Williams’s armed-robbery conviction—an

aggravated felony that resulted in imprisonment of less than five years—was

particularly serious. See 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(B). “In evaluating whether a crime

is particularly serious, the BIA considers the Frentescu factors: (1) the nature of

the conviction, (2) the type of sentence imposed, and (3) whether the

2 24-7068 circumstances and underlying facts of the conviction ‘justify the presumption that

the convicted immigrant is a danger to the community.’” Chmukh v. Garland, 124

F.4th 670, 678 (9th Cir. 2024) (quoting Delgado v. Holder, 648 F.3d 1095, 1107

(9th Cir. 2011)) (citing Matter of Frentescu, 18 I. & N. Dec. 244, 247 (B.I.A.

1982)). We review the BIA’s determination under the abuse-of-discretion

standard. Hernandez v. Garland, 52 F.4th 757, 765 (9th Cir. 2022). “Under that

standard, we are limited to ensuring that the agency relied on the appropriate

factors and proper evidence, and we may not reweigh the evidence and reach our

own determination about the crime’s seriousness.” Id. (quoting Avendano-

Hernandez v. Lynch, 800 F.3d 1072, 1077 (9th Cir. 2015)) (internal quotation

marks omitted).

Here, the BIA considered each of the Frentescu factors and concluded that

Williams’s armed-robbery conviction was particularly serious because (1) the

crime was of a “violent nature . . . where one of [Williams’s] partners beat a

robbery victim over the head with a handgun,” (2) the crime was an aggravated

felony that resulted in a “sentence of between 2½ to 3½ years imprisonment,” and

(3) Williams’s conviction was undisputed because he pleaded guilty and agreed to

the facts of the crime. Because the BIA applied the correct legal framework and

based its decision on proper evidence, we find no abuse of discretion.

3 24-7068 Williams nonetheless contends that the BIA erred by ignoring certain

“ameliorating circumstance[s]” when applying the Frentescu factors, including his

reluctance to participate in the armed robbery, his age at the time of the crime, the

elapsed time since then, and his lack of danger to the community. But the record

shows otherwise. The BIA explained that the IJ had “listed all the documentary

evidence submitted and confirmed that she had considered the evidence.”

Furthermore, the BIA did consider the “ameliorating circumstance[s]” identified

by Williams by explicitly “recogniz[ing his] testimony that he was unaware that a

robbery was going to occur until he arrived at the location,” his “record of

conviction,” and his “sentencing information,” but ultimately concluded that

Williams’s crime was particularly serious in spite of these considerations.

Williams is in effect asking us to “reweigh the evidence and reach our own

determination about the crime’s seriousness.” See Hernandez, 52 F.4th at 765

(quoting Avendano-Hernandez, 800 F.3d at 1077). We lack jurisdiction to do so.

See Benedicto v. Garland, 12 F.4th 1049, 1063 (9th Cir. 2021) (holding that this

court lacks “jurisdiction to review a particularly-serious-crime determination

where the challenge is that the agency incorrectly assessed the facts” (quoting

Pechenkov v. Holder, 705 F.3d 444, 448–49 (9th Cir. 2012)) (cleaned up)).

4 24-7068 PETITION DENIED. And because we deny Williams’s petition for

review, his pending motion for a stay of removal is also DENIED as moot. The

temporary stay of removal shall remain in place until the mandate issues.

5 24-7068