William Thomas Gudger v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedJanuary 22, 2021
Docket20A-PC-1184
StatusPublished

This text of William Thomas Gudger v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.) (William Thomas Gudger v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
William Thomas Gudger v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.), (Ind. Ct. App. 2021).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jan 22 2021, 8:48 am FILED Jan 22 2021, 8:48 am

CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Tax Court

court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.

APPELLANT, PRO SE ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE William Thomas Gudger Theodore E. Rokita Greencastle, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Ian McLean Supervising Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

William Thomas Gudger, January 22, 2021 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 20A-PC-1184 v. Appeal from the Howard Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Brant J. Parry, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 34D02-1910-PC-3367

Pyle, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PC-1184 | January 22, 2021 Page 1 of 6 Statement of the Case [1] William Thomas Gudger (“Gudger”) appeals the post-conviction court’s

summary denial of his petition for post-conviction relief. Gudger filed an

amended petition for post-conviction relief, in which he claimed that his

appellate counsel was ineffective. Before the State had filed an answer to the

amended petition, the post-conviction court summarily denied Gudger’s post-

conviction petition.

[2] On appeal, Gudger argues that the post-conviction court erred by denying his

petition. In response, the State points out that the post-conviction court

engaged in a procedural error by summarily denying Gudger’s post-conviction

petition that was premised on a factual claim of ineffective assistance of

counsel. The State requests that our Court remand this case for further

proceedings. We agree with the State that the post-conviction court erred by

summarily denying Gudger’s post-conviction petition. Accordingly, we reverse

the post-conviction court’s judgment and remand for further proceedings.

[3] We reverse and remand.

Issue Whether the post-conviction court erred by summarily denying Gudger’s post-conviction petition.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PC-1184 | January 22, 2021 Page 2 of 6 Facts [4] In 2016, the State charged Gudger with Level 3 felony robbery. Before trial,

Gudger filed a motion to suppress the evidence seized pursuant to search

warrants from his residence and his hotel room as well as his statement to

police. The trial court denied the motion. In January 2018, a jury found

Gudger guilty as charged, and the trial court imposed a fifteen (15) year

sentence.

[5] Gudger, by counsel, appealed his conviction. See Gudger v. State, No. 18A-CR-

525 (Ind. Ct. App. June 18, 2019). On appeal, Gudger argued that the trial

court had abused its discretion when it admitted into evidence items that the

police had seized during a search of his residence. Specifically, he argued that

“the search of his residence was illegal because the search warrant lacked

probable cause.” Id. at *4. A majority of the panel from this Court determined

that “we need not decide whether there was probable cause to issue the search

warrant.” Id.1 This Court explained that Gudger was required to

“demonstrate both that the warrant lacked probable cause and that the good

faith exception d[id] not apply” and that Gudger had failed to make an

argument that the good faith exception did not apply. Id. (emphasis in

original). We also pointed out that Gudger had failed to show or even argue

that his case fell under one of the two situations where the good faith exception

1 One member of the panel filed a concurring opinion and stated that there was probable cause to issue the search warrant.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PC-1184 | January 22, 2021 Page 3 of 6 does not apply. Accordingly, this Court held that Gudger had “not met his

burden on appeal to demonstrate that the trial court erred when it admitted as

evidence items seized pursuant to the search of his residence.” Id. Lastly, we

held that Gudger had failed to make a cogent argument regarding his assertion

that the trial court should have suppressed the evidence seized during a search

of Gudger’s hotel room and his statement to police. Id. at n.3.

[6] In October 2019, Gudger filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief, raising

a claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. Thereafter, Gudger filed a

motion for leave to file an amended post-conviction petition, and the post-

conviction court granted his motion. On May 7, 2020, Gudger filed a pro se

amended post-conviction petition, in which he provided further details

regarding his ineffective assistance of appellate counsel claim and attached

various exhibits in support of his petition. Gudger argued that his appellate

counsel was ineffective by failing to effectively argue the issue of probable cause

and by failing to address the good faith exception, which, he asserted, could not

be dismissed as a strategic decision.

[7] Eight days later and before the State had filed an answer, the post-conviction

court issued an order, summarily denying Gudger’s petition for post-conviction

relief. The post-conviction court’s order did not contain any findings of fact or

conclusions of law as required under Post-Conviction Rule 1(6). Gudger now

appeals.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PC-1184 | January 22, 2021 Page 4 of 6 Decision [8] Gudger appeals from the post-conviction court’s order summarily denying post-

conviction relief on his claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel.

[9] The State contends that we need not review the substantive merits of Gudger’s

claim because of the procedural error that requires “[t]his case [to] be remanded

for further proceedings under the post-conviction rules.” (State’s Br. 11).

Specifically, the State points out that the post-conviction court’s summary

denial of Gudger’s petition was not proper under Indiana Post-Conviction Rule

1(4)(f) or 1(4)(g) and that Gudger’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel

was a fact-sensitive issue that should not be summarily denied.

[10] We agree with the State that a remand for further proceedings is required. As

this Court has explained in various cases, including Osmanov v. State, 40 N.E.3d

904 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) and Binkley v. State, 993 N.E.2d 645 (Ind. Ct. App.

2013), reh’g denied, Post-Conviction Rule 1(4) provides two different subsections

under which a post-conviction court may deny a petition without a hearing: (1)

subsection (f), which allows summary denial if “the pleadings conclusively

show that [the] petitioner is entitled to no relief[;]” or (2) subsection (g), under

which a court may grant a summary disposition after “a motion by either

party.]” See Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(4). As the State acknowledges, the

post-conviction court’s summary denial was not proper under either subsection.

Additionally, Post-Conviction Rule 1(9)(b), which provides that a post-

conviction court may rule on a pro se petitioner’s petition without an

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PC-1184 | January 22, 2021 Page 5 of 6 evidentiary hearing where the court “order[s] the cause submitted by

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Related

Kelly v. State
952 N.E.2d 297 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2011)
Jerome Binkley v. State of Indiana
993 N.E.2d 645 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2013)
Abdullatip Osmanov v. State of Indiana
40 N.E.3d 904 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2015)

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