MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Aug 25 2015, 10:02 am this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS ATTORNEYS FOR TOWNE Jeffry G. Price H. Joseph Certain Peru, Indiana Rebecca L. Loeffler Adrienne E. Rines Kiley, Harker & Certain Marion, Indiana ATTORNEYS FOR STATE Gregory F. Zoeller Attorney General of Indiana Kristin Garn Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
William G. Zartman, Jr., and August 25, 2015 Marilyn M. Zartman, Trustees of Court of Appeals Case No. the William G. Zartman, Jr., and 25A05-1410-PL-495 Marilyn M. Zartman Revocable Appeal from the Fulton Superior Trust, and William G. Zartman Court III and Kim R. Zartman, The Honorable Christopher M. Appellants-Defendants, Goff, Special Judge Trial Court Cause No. v. 25D01-0804-PL-96
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 1 of 9 Donald R. Towne and Larry J. Towne, Appellees-Plaintiffs,
and State of Indiana, Appellee-Defendant
Baker, Judge.
[1] The families and predecessors of the Townes and the Zartmans have owned
adjacent plots of land for decades. One day, William Zartman III destroyed a
section of the long-standing fence between the properties and then rebuilt the
fence in a way that encroached onto the Townes’ property. The Townes filed a
complaint for trespass, ejectment, adverse possession, and to quiet title.
[2] Initially, the Zartmans claimed that they owned the disputed portion of
property. Eventually, they alleged that instead, the State owned it. The
Zartmans requested that the State be added as a defendant. The trial court
granted the request, at which time the State denied having any ownership
interest in the property. The State eventually filed a disclaimer of any and all
interest it may have had. Consequently, the trial court dismissed the State from
the litigation. We find no error in that dismissal, and affirm.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 2 of 9 Facts [3] The Townes and the Zartmans own respective parcels of land that are adjacent
to one another in rural Fulton County. Sometime before 1960, a fence was
constructed along the northern line of the Townes’ property. Since then, the
parties have treated the fence as a boundary line between their lots. Also in the
vicinity is South Mud Lake, which has receded with time, such that there is
now a swampy area between the lake’s meander line1 and the lake’s current
water line (hereinafter referred to as the Disputed Area).
[4] In 2006, William Zartman III (William) destroyed a portion of the fence
between the Zartmans’ property and the Townes’s property. William then
erected a new fence, which ran in a southwestwardly direction across the
Townes’s property, and across the Disputed Area, to South Mud Lake.
[5] On April 17, 2008, the Townes filed a complaint against the Zartmans for quiet
title, trespass, ejectment, and adverse possession. The Townes later amended
their complaint to allege that they had acquired additional land—the Disputed
Area—by reason of “reliction[2] of the water of South Mud Lake.” Appellants’
App. p. 24.
1 Meander line is defined as “one following the outline of a stream, lake or swamp.” Webster’s Third New Int’l Dictionary 1399 (1993). 2 “Reliction” is defined as “[a] process by which a river or stream shifts its location, causing the recession of water from its bank.” Black’s Law Dictionary 7th ed. 1293 (1999).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 3 of 9 [6] On July 17, 2013, the Zartmans filed a motion to add an additional party,
which the trial court granted on July 29, 2013. On September 27, 2013, the
State filed an answer to the complaint, denying all allegations. It also filed a
motion to dismiss itself from the litigation because “the State does not hold title
to the subject disputed property.” Id. at 38. On October 15, 2013, the
Zartmans filed a cross-claim against the State, arguing that the State, rather
than the Townes, owned the Disputed Area.
[7] On November 15, 2013, the State filed a disclaimer of interest in the Disputed
Area, stating as follows:
2. The State of Indiana is not an owner of the subject property and does not own the subject property;
3. To the extent the State of Indiana has acquired an interest in the subject property it hereby disclaims said interest;
***
WHEREFORE, the State of Indiana, by counsel, hereby disclaims any and all interest it may have in the subject property and further respectfully prays that it be dismissed from this lawsuit . . . .
Id. at 79. At the Zartmans’ request, the trial court afforded them time to file a
brief in opposition to the State’s motion to dismiss. They filed their brief on
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 4 of 9 November 25, 2013.3 On November 27, 2013, the trial court granted the State’s
motion and dismissed it from the litigation.
[8] A bench trial on the Townes’ complaint against the Zartmans took place on
July 22 and 23, 2014. On September 24, 2014, the trial court entered an order
finding in favor of the Townes. In pertinent part, the trial court found as
follows:
15. The State of Indiana has never asserted a claim to ownership to land around the waterline of South Mud Lake, and in particularly [sic], the land that is now in dispute.
16. The State of Indiana does not claim ownership of any land between the original meander line of South Mud Lake and the current waterline including the disputed land.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
2. The State of Indiana does not own the disputed property.
3. To the extent the State of Indiana ever held an ownership interest in the disputed land, it expressly disclaimed said interest.
3 That brief is not included in the record on appeal.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 5 of 9 Id. at 21-23. The trial court found that William trespassed on the Townes’
property when he destroyed a section of fence and constructed a new fence.
The trial court found that the Townes incurred damages in the amount of
$2,689.27 and ordered judgment in their favor in that amount. The Zartmans
now appeal.
Discussion and Decision [9] On appeal, the Zartmans argue that the trial court erred by dismissing the State
from the litigation. They also contend that the trial court erroneously
determined that the State had no ownership interest in the Disputed Area.4 The
trial court dismissed the State from the entirety of the lawsuit, meaning that it
dismissed the State from the complaint and from the Zartmans’ cross-claim.
We will consider each set of procedural issues separately.
[10] As to the original complaint, the State filed a Trial Rule 12(B)(6) motion to
dismiss. A Rule 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss focuses solely on the face of the
complaint itself, and the trial court must consider whether the allegations on the
face of the complaint establish any set of circumstances under which a plaintiff
would be entitled to relief. Medley v. Lemmon,
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Aug 25 2015, 10:02 am this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS ATTORNEYS FOR TOWNE Jeffry G. Price H. Joseph Certain Peru, Indiana Rebecca L. Loeffler Adrienne E. Rines Kiley, Harker & Certain Marion, Indiana ATTORNEYS FOR STATE Gregory F. Zoeller Attorney General of Indiana Kristin Garn Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
William G. Zartman, Jr., and August 25, 2015 Marilyn M. Zartman, Trustees of Court of Appeals Case No. the William G. Zartman, Jr., and 25A05-1410-PL-495 Marilyn M. Zartman Revocable Appeal from the Fulton Superior Trust, and William G. Zartman Court III and Kim R. Zartman, The Honorable Christopher M. Appellants-Defendants, Goff, Special Judge Trial Court Cause No. v. 25D01-0804-PL-96
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 1 of 9 Donald R. Towne and Larry J. Towne, Appellees-Plaintiffs,
and State of Indiana, Appellee-Defendant
Baker, Judge.
[1] The families and predecessors of the Townes and the Zartmans have owned
adjacent plots of land for decades. One day, William Zartman III destroyed a
section of the long-standing fence between the properties and then rebuilt the
fence in a way that encroached onto the Townes’ property. The Townes filed a
complaint for trespass, ejectment, adverse possession, and to quiet title.
[2] Initially, the Zartmans claimed that they owned the disputed portion of
property. Eventually, they alleged that instead, the State owned it. The
Zartmans requested that the State be added as a defendant. The trial court
granted the request, at which time the State denied having any ownership
interest in the property. The State eventually filed a disclaimer of any and all
interest it may have had. Consequently, the trial court dismissed the State from
the litigation. We find no error in that dismissal, and affirm.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 2 of 9 Facts [3] The Townes and the Zartmans own respective parcels of land that are adjacent
to one another in rural Fulton County. Sometime before 1960, a fence was
constructed along the northern line of the Townes’ property. Since then, the
parties have treated the fence as a boundary line between their lots. Also in the
vicinity is South Mud Lake, which has receded with time, such that there is
now a swampy area between the lake’s meander line1 and the lake’s current
water line (hereinafter referred to as the Disputed Area).
[4] In 2006, William Zartman III (William) destroyed a portion of the fence
between the Zartmans’ property and the Townes’s property. William then
erected a new fence, which ran in a southwestwardly direction across the
Townes’s property, and across the Disputed Area, to South Mud Lake.
[5] On April 17, 2008, the Townes filed a complaint against the Zartmans for quiet
title, trespass, ejectment, and adverse possession. The Townes later amended
their complaint to allege that they had acquired additional land—the Disputed
Area—by reason of “reliction[2] of the water of South Mud Lake.” Appellants’
App. p. 24.
1 Meander line is defined as “one following the outline of a stream, lake or swamp.” Webster’s Third New Int’l Dictionary 1399 (1993). 2 “Reliction” is defined as “[a] process by which a river or stream shifts its location, causing the recession of water from its bank.” Black’s Law Dictionary 7th ed. 1293 (1999).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 3 of 9 [6] On July 17, 2013, the Zartmans filed a motion to add an additional party,
which the trial court granted on July 29, 2013. On September 27, 2013, the
State filed an answer to the complaint, denying all allegations. It also filed a
motion to dismiss itself from the litigation because “the State does not hold title
to the subject disputed property.” Id. at 38. On October 15, 2013, the
Zartmans filed a cross-claim against the State, arguing that the State, rather
than the Townes, owned the Disputed Area.
[7] On November 15, 2013, the State filed a disclaimer of interest in the Disputed
Area, stating as follows:
2. The State of Indiana is not an owner of the subject property and does not own the subject property;
3. To the extent the State of Indiana has acquired an interest in the subject property it hereby disclaims said interest;
***
WHEREFORE, the State of Indiana, by counsel, hereby disclaims any and all interest it may have in the subject property and further respectfully prays that it be dismissed from this lawsuit . . . .
Id. at 79. At the Zartmans’ request, the trial court afforded them time to file a
brief in opposition to the State’s motion to dismiss. They filed their brief on
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 4 of 9 November 25, 2013.3 On November 27, 2013, the trial court granted the State’s
motion and dismissed it from the litigation.
[8] A bench trial on the Townes’ complaint against the Zartmans took place on
July 22 and 23, 2014. On September 24, 2014, the trial court entered an order
finding in favor of the Townes. In pertinent part, the trial court found as
follows:
15. The State of Indiana has never asserted a claim to ownership to land around the waterline of South Mud Lake, and in particularly [sic], the land that is now in dispute.
16. The State of Indiana does not claim ownership of any land between the original meander line of South Mud Lake and the current waterline including the disputed land.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
2. The State of Indiana does not own the disputed property.
3. To the extent the State of Indiana ever held an ownership interest in the disputed land, it expressly disclaimed said interest.
3 That brief is not included in the record on appeal.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 5 of 9 Id. at 21-23. The trial court found that William trespassed on the Townes’
property when he destroyed a section of fence and constructed a new fence.
The trial court found that the Townes incurred damages in the amount of
$2,689.27 and ordered judgment in their favor in that amount. The Zartmans
now appeal.
Discussion and Decision [9] On appeal, the Zartmans argue that the trial court erred by dismissing the State
from the litigation. They also contend that the trial court erroneously
determined that the State had no ownership interest in the Disputed Area.4 The
trial court dismissed the State from the entirety of the lawsuit, meaning that it
dismissed the State from the complaint and from the Zartmans’ cross-claim.
We will consider each set of procedural issues separately.
[10] As to the original complaint, the State filed a Trial Rule 12(B)(6) motion to
dismiss. A Rule 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss focuses solely on the face of the
complaint itself, and the trial court must consider whether the allegations on the
face of the complaint establish any set of circumstances under which a plaintiff
would be entitled to relief. Medley v. Lemmon, 994 N.E.2d 1177, 1182 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2013), trans. denied. In this case, the Townes’ complaint makes no
mention whatsoever of the State. It does not allege that the State has any
4 The apparent reason that the Zartmans are asserting the State’s interest in the Disputed Area is that if the Townes do not own it, then there is no basis for their claims of trespass and quiet title.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 6 of 9 ownership interest in the Disputed Area or any other portion of the property.
Therefore, under no circumstances would the Townes be entitled to relief
against the State. The trial court did not err by granting the State’s motion to
dismiss it from the complaint.
[11] As for the Zartmans’ cross-claim, Indiana Trial Rule 13(G) provides that a
cross-claim is “any claim by one party against a co-party.” Inasmuch as the
State was properly dismissed as a co-party, a cross-claim is not the correct lens
through which to view the Zartmans’ claim against the State.
[12] Furthermore, the Zartmans’ claim related to the State cannot be rescued by
construing it differently. Indiana Trial Rule 14(A) provides that a defendant,
“as a third-party plaintiff, may cause a summons and complaint to be served
upon a person not a party to the action who is or may be liable to him for all or part
of the plaintiff’s claim against him.” (Emphasis added). In this case, the Zartmans
do not contend that the State is liable to them for any portion of the Townes’
claims against them. Therefore, the Zartmans cannot file a third-party
complaint against the State.
[13] Indiana Trial Rule 19 provides the framework for mandatory joinder of persons
needed for a just adjudication. Rule 19(A) gives two circumstances in which
joinder is required:
(A) Persons to be joined if feasible. A person who is subject to service of process shall be joined as a party in the action if:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 7 of 9 (1) in his absence complete relief cannot be accorded among those already parties; or
(2) he claims an interest relating to the subject of the action . . . .
[14] In this case, the State has consistently maintained that it does not own the
Disputed Area. And to the extent its ownership is debatable, it filed a
disclaimer of interest that relinquished any and all ownership rights it may have
had to that property. Therefore, there is no reason that, in the State’s absence,
complete relief cannot be accorded between the Townes and the Zartmans.
And since the State claims no interest whatsoever, section 19(A)(2) does not
apply.
[15] Finally, Trial Rule 20 sets forth the rules for permissive joinder of parties. It
provides as follows:
(1) All persons may join in one [1] action as plaintiffs if they assert any right to relief jointly, severally, or in the alternative in respect of or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences and if any question of law or fact common to all these persons will arise in the action.
(2) All persons may be joined in one [1] action as defendants if there is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative, any right to relief in respect of, or arising out of, the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences and if any question of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the action.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 8 of 9 Here, the State asserts no right to relief, so subsection (1) does not apply. With
respect to subsection (2), no “right to relief” has been “asserted” against the
State, so it may not be joined as a defendant.
[16] Given that the State has explicitly disclaimed any and all interest in the
Disputed Area, there is simply no procedural mechanism for it to be added as a
party to this litigation.5 And this result is the right one, inasmuch as the State
has no proverbial dog in the fight. Consequently, the trial court did not err by
dismissing the State from this litigation. We also find no error in the trial
court’s order following the bench trial.
[17] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Vaidik, C.J., and Robb, J., concur.
5 Furthermore, the trial court did not err by determining that the State had no interest in the Disputed Area, given the State’s explicit disclaimer of any and all interest.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 25A05-1410-PL-495 | August 25, 2015 Page 9 of 9