Wight v. Town of Southington

685 A.2d 686, 43 Conn. App. 654, 1996 Conn. App. LEXIS 562
CourtConnecticut Appellate Court
DecidedDecember 3, 1996
Docket14931
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 685 A.2d 686 (Wight v. Town of Southington) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Connecticut Appellate Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wight v. Town of Southington, 685 A.2d 686, 43 Conn. App. 654, 1996 Conn. App. LEXIS 562 (Colo. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinion

O’CONNELL, J.

In this civil rights action brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the plaintiffs appeal from the trial court’s granting of summary judgment in favor of the defendants. The defendants are the town of Southington, the town planning and zoning commission (commission) and the members of that commission against whom the plaintiffs claim punitive damages in their individual capacities. The dispositive issue is whether the trial court properly determined that the plaintiffs did not have a constitutionally protected interest in the approval of their subdivision application.1 We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

The plaintiffs were the owners of undeveloped land on Rahlene Drive in Southington. In September, 1991, they applied for a permit to subdivide the land into seven building lots. Following a hearing on September 17,1991, the commission unanimously voted to approve the application. Notice of the approval was not immediately sent to the plaintiffs.

Because a commissioner was concerned that a proposed cul-de-sac was larger than permitted within the applicable zone, the commission, while convened at a regular meeting on October 1,1991, voted to reconsider [656]*656the plaintiffs’ application. The reconsideration was tabled until October 15, 1991. Notice of the September 17, 1991 approval was mailed on October 1, 1991, unaffected by the decision to reconsider. The next day, the commission sent the plaintiffs a certified letter notifying them of the commission’s decision to reconsider the subdivision application.

On October 15, 1991, the commission reconvened with the plaintiffs present. The focus of the discussion was the previously mentioned cul-de-sac. The commission voted to table the plaintiffs’ application until November 7, 1991. On October 24, 1991, the plaintiffs appealed the commission’s decision to reconsider to the Superior Court, alleging that it was illegal and arbitrary.

On November 7, 1991, the commission again expressed concern about the proposed cul-de-sac and denied the plaintiffs’ application by a four to three vote. Following the November 7, 1991 denial of the application, the plaintiffs filed a second appeal claiming that the denial was illegal and arbitrary. The trial court sustained the first appeal, ruling that the commission’s reconsideration was improper, and dismissed the second appeal as moot.

In the present action, the plaintiffs claim, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, that the commission’s actions deprived them of their substantive and procedural due process rights guaranteed by the United States constitution.2 The commission contends that the plaintiffs’ constitutional claims must fail because the plaintiffs were not clearly entitled to an approval of their subdivision application. Additionally, the commission argues that it may reconsider its decisions and reverse itself before the expiration of the appeal period without impheating the plaintiffs’ constitutional rights.

[657]*657We must first address whether the trial court properly concluded that the subsequent denial of the application did not violate the plaintiffs’ constitutional rights. When a claim is made that the denial of a zoning application has deprived an applicant of a federal constitutional right, the trial court must first determine whether the party has a clearly established right to the zoning approval sought. Kelley Property Development, Inc. v. Lebanon, 226 Conn. 314, 321-22, 627 A.2d 909 (1993). “The clear entitlement test asks whether there is a certainty or a very strong likelihood that the application in question would have been granted, but for the wrongful conduct of the local officials. ... A very strong likelihood means not simply a high probability of approval, but rather a virtual assurance of approval because any discretion is narrowly circumscribed. . . . Application of the [clear entitlement] test must focus primarily on the degree of discretion enjoyed by the issuing authority, not on the estimated probability that the authority will act favorably in a particular case.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 322-23.

In Kelley Property Development, Inc., the local planning and zoning commission was asked to consider a subdivision application. Our Supreme Court held that the applicants’ subdivision application was subject to the local land use regulations and also to the commissioner’s discretion and thus did not clearly entitle the applicant to approval. Id., 323.

In the present case, the trial court properly concluded that Southington’s zoning regulations authorized the commission to make discretionary decisions in evaluating the length of proposed cul-de-sacs. It is firmly established that wide and liberal discretion is vested in local zoning authorities when they have acted within their prescribed legislative powers. Burnham v. Planning & [658]*658Zoning Commission, 189 Conn. 261, 266, 455 A.2d 339 (1983). Because the commission had discretion to approve or deny the plaintiffs’ subdivision application, it is readily apparent that the plaintiffs have not satisfied the clear entitlement test.

The next question is whether the reconsideration of the plaintiffs’ application affected the trial court’s decision that the plaintiffs’ claim did not meet the clear entitlement test. In Cicala v. Administrator, Unemployment Compensation Act, 161 Conn. 362, 369, 288 A.2d 66 (1971), on which the trial court relied in the present case, the Supreme Court answered the question “whether an administrative officer is authorized, between the time his decision is rendered and the time it becomes final, to open that decision and reverse it.” The Supreme Court recognized the “need for an opportunity for correction of errors, change of mind, or obtaining more adequate factual grounds for a decision . . . .” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 369-70. In Cicala, the unemployment compensation administrator issued a decision and subsequently opened and reversed it. The Supreme Court concluded that no vested rights intervened because the decision had not become final. Id., 370.

This court recently held that decisions of local zoning authorities do not become final until notice of the decision has been published. Sharp v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 43 Conn. App. 512, 526, 684 A.2d 713 (1996). Because there was no publication of the commission’s decision in this case, it was not final.3 Accordingly, the commission’s reconsideration was lawful and did not affect the trial court’s decision concerning the clear entitlement test.

The plaintiffs also argue that the defendants were estopped from claiming that the commission’s rescis[659]*659sion and reconsideration was legal because of rulings to the contrary made in the zoning appeal before another judge.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

City Recycling, Inc. v. State
778 A.2d 77 (Supreme Court of Connecticut, 2001)
Pinchbeck v. Planning and Zoning Comm'n, No. Cv99-420753 (Jun. 15, 2000)
2000 Conn. Super. Ct. 7240 (Connecticut Superior Court, 2000)
Kroll v. Groton Long Point Zoning Board, Appls., No. 544429 (Mar. 22, 1999)
1999 Conn. Super. Ct. 3664 (Connecticut Superior Court, 1999)
Thomas v. City of West Haven, No. Cv89 0284555s (Jul. 30, 1997)
1997 Conn. Super. Ct. 7471 (Connecticut Superior Court, 1997)
Connecticut National Bank v. Rytman
694 A.2d 1246 (Supreme Court of Connecticut, 1997)
Timberland Dev. Corp. v. East Haven P. Z., No. Cv 90297525s (May 9, 1997)
1997 Conn. Super. Ct. 4933 (Connecticut Superior Court, 1997)
Vincenzi v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co., No. Cv 33 76 30 (Feb. 6, 1997)
1997 Conn. Super. Ct. 965 (Connecticut Superior Court, 1997)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
685 A.2d 686, 43 Conn. App. 654, 1996 Conn. App. LEXIS 562, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wight-v-town-of-southington-connappct-1996.