Whittaker v. Fleming

25 S.W.3d 460, 2000 Ky. LEXIS 99, 2000 WL 1210969
CourtKentucky Supreme Court
DecidedMay 18, 2000
DocketNos. 1999-SC-0582-WC, 1999-SC-0595-W C
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 25 S.W.3d 460 (Whittaker v. Fleming) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Kentucky Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Whittaker v. Fleming, 25 S.W.3d 460, 2000 Ky. LEXIS 99, 2000 WL 1210969 (Ky. 2000).

Opinion

[461]*461OPINION OF THE COURT

This workers’ compensation appeal is a sequel to Fleming v. Windchy, Ky., 953 S.W.2d 604 (1997), wherein the worker was rendered totally disabled by the partially disabling back injuries which occurred in 1990 and 1991 and were sustained in different employments. We reversed an award of total disability which was divided equally between the two injuries because the claimant did not become totally disabled until 1991 and remanded the claim with directions. This appeal concerns whether the award which was entered on remand complied with those instructions, more specifically, whether liability for the 1991 injury was properly apportioned between the employer and the Special Fund.

Prior to the injuries which are the subject of this appeal, claimant had been awarded permanent, partial disability benefits for a 1977 back injury (6%) and for a 1988 knee injury (10%). The claims for two subsequent back injuries were litigated together. The first back injury occurred in 1990, while claimant was employed by Sun Glo Coal Co., Inc. (Sun Glo), and accounted for a 42% occupational disability. The second back injury occurred in 1991, while he was employed by Trojan Mining, Inc. (Trojan), and accounted for a 42% occupational disability. In the initial proceeding, the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) determined that, together with the prior, active disability of 16%, the 1990 and 1991 injuries resulted in total occupational disability.

In Fleming, we addressed the application of Campbell v. Sextet Mining Co., Ky., 912 S.W.2d 25 (1995), to situations where the successive injuries occur in different employments. We explained that benefits for the partially disabling back injury which occurred in 1990 could not be affected by subsequent events which did not authorize a reopening of the claim. We concluded our opinion by stating:

It is not disputed that claimant became totally, occupationally disabled as a result of the 1991 injury. Therefore, when the holding of Campbell is properly applied to the present facts, claimant is entitled to an award pursuant to KRS 342.730(l)(a), as of the date of the 1991 injury, for the entire amount of his disability which is not excluded as a prior, active condition. The ALJ excluded a 16% disability for injuries which occurred before 1990 and for which claimant had been fully compensated. That exclusion is undisputed. To the extent that permanent, partial disability benefits payable pursuant to the 1990 award overlap the period of total disability, they will offset Trojan’s and the Special Fund’s liability for benefits which would otherwise be due pursuant to the total disability award.

Id. at 608-09.

At issue in this appeal is whether the ALJ complied with the directions on remand, particularly with regard to the relative liability of the Special Fund and Trojan as a result of the 1991 injury. Trojan stipulated to equal apportionment with the Special Fund with regard to the injury. When the claim was remanded to the ALJ following our decision in Fleming, the Special Fund sought to enforce the stipulation, asserting that it was liable for no more than half of the benefits awarded as of 1991, including the “excess disability” which resulted from application of the decision in Campbell. Trojan asserted, however, that the stipulation pertained only to benefits for the 42% disability which was attributable to the 1991 injury, by itself.

In considering the claim on remand, the ALJ agreed with Trojan. As a result, income benefits for the 1990 injury were awarded as a 42% permanent occupational disability which was payable for 425 weeks. The award was apportioned equally between Sun Glo and the Special Fund. Following the 425-week period, the ALJ placed liability on the Special Fund for a 42% permanent occupational disability, indicating that it represented the “excess disability” caused by the combined effects of the 1990 and 1991 injuries and that it [462]*462was payable for so long as the claimant remained disabled. Income benefits for the 1991 injury were awarded as 42% of a permanent occupational disability. The 1991 award was payable- for so long as the claimant remained totally disabled and was apportioned equally between Trojan and the Special Fund.

The Workers’ Compensation Board (Board) reversed, noting that the stipulation, KRS 342.1202, and this Court’s opinion in Fleming required the equal apportionment of all benefits awarded as a result of the 1991 injury. Subsequently, the Court of Appeals reversed the Board and reinstated the decision of the ALJ. This appeal by the Special Fund followed. Because Trojan, the ALJ and the Court of Appeals have misinterpreted our directions in Fleming, we reverse. Under those circumstances, we also reject Trojan’s assertion that claimant was required to cross-appeal the award entered on remand.

In Campbell, we supported our conclusion that the Special Fund was liable for the “excess disability” which resulted when the last of a series of injuries rendered a worker totally disabled by referring to KRS 342.120, the general apportionment statute. We noted that KRS 342.120(6) held an employer hable only for the percentage of disability caused by the subject injury, itself. KRS 342.120(7) provided that the Special Fund was liable for disability attributable to the arousal of a pri- or, dormant condition and for what is commonly known as “excess disability,” that greater disability which results when an injury is superimposed upon a prior disability. Subsequently, in Fleming, we rejected an argument by the Special Fund that our decision in Campbell had done violence to the principle of “excess disability,” explaining as follows:

The occupational effect of [Fleming’s] 1991 injury was twofold. First, together with the arousal of ongoing degenerative back problems, it accounted for 42% of claimant’s permanent, total disability. Second, due to the differences in KRS 342.730(l)(a) and (b), it caused the 1990 injury, which was being compensated as only a 42% permanent, partial disability, to become 42% of a permanent, total disability. It is this second effect which the Special Fund would have us ignore but which we determined, in Campbell, should be compensable. (Emphasis added.)

953 S.W.2d at 608. We noted, then, that Trojan had failed to file a brief in the appeal. Id. Shortly thereafter, we also noted that it was undisputed that liability for the 1991 injury was apportioned equally between Trojan and the Special Fund pursuant to KRS 342.1202(1). Id.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
25 S.W.3d 460, 2000 Ky. LEXIS 99, 2000 WL 1210969, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/whittaker-v-fleming-ky-2000.