White v. State

851 So. 2d 400, 2003 WL 21741692
Court of Appeals of Mississippi·Decided July 29, 2003·No. 2002-KA-00419-COA·Published·Cited by 11 cases

Opinion

851 So.2d 400 (2003)

Herbert Joe WHITE, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Mississippi, Appellee.

No. 2002-KA-00419-COA.

Court of Appeals of Mississippi.

July 29, 2003.

*401 Walter Kevin Colbert, Natchez, attorney for appellant.

Office of the Attorney General by Billy L. Gore, attorney for appellee.

McMILLIN, C.J., for the Court.

¶ 1. Herbert Joe White was accused by a Franklin County Circuit Court grand jury of attempting to aid his friend, Johnny Patrick Thorpe, to escape arrest after Thorpe purportedly committed the felonies of attempted larceny and aggravated assault. The specific offense for which White was charged, according to the indictment, *402 was attempted accessory after the fact. White was convicted. Immediately after his conviction, White moved to set the conviction aside on the ground that the indictment returned against him was void because it failed to charge an essential element of the crime. The trial court conceded that the indictment was defective on its face for the reason advanced by White, but determined that White had waived any objection to the form of the indictment by proceeding to trial with knowledge of the defect. White has appealed to this Court, raising as his sole issue the contention that the trial court erred in refusing to vacate his conviction based on a void indictment. We find White's appeal to have merit and, for that reason, reverse the conviction and remand this proceeding to the trial court for such further proceedings as may be found appropriate under the terms of our decision.

I.

Facts

¶ 2. A brief overview of the alleged facts of the case appears enough for an understanding of the issue before the Court. As is common, there were a number of points as to which the evidence was in sharp conflict and what follows is, in essence, a summary of the State's theory of the case.

¶ 3. Thorpe, who was a resident of Natchez, was detained for questioning in neighboring Franklin County in regard to a suspected theft of anhydrous ammonia, an agricultural chemical also useful in the manufacture of crystal methamphetamine. At some point, when the investigating officer sought to physically restrain Thorpe, he stabbed the officer in the hand with a screwdriver and ran from the scene. Despite an intense manhunt, Thorpe managed to avoid capture for a number of hours. During that time, he broke into an unoccupied house and used the telephone to call his wife in Natchez and inform her of his predicament. In that conversation, he expressed fear of harsh punishment because of his prior criminal record and told his wife he was unwilling to voluntarily surrender. Instead, he asked his wife to tell his friend, White, to come from Natchez to a designated location at an overpass in Franklin County, where Thorpe would be waiting, the intention being to spirit Thorpe away from the immediate clutches of the ongoing manhunt. Thorpe's wife had a conversation to that effect with White at around 11:30 at night. White was reluctant to undertake the mission, but ultimately, in the ensuing early morning hours, drove from his home to the designated location. However, as he approached the designated overpass, White observed that there were a number of law enforcement officials in the immediate vicinity. Including among them was Sonny Smith, a City of Natchez police officer assisting in the manhunt. Smith was acquainted with both White and Thorpe and was aware of their close friendship. According to Officer Smith, when White saw him, White averted his face and immediately sped up and departed the scene.

II.

Discussion

¶ 4. Apparently because White's efforts in simply driving from Adams County to the designated rendezvous point in Franklin County did nothing to actually aid or assist Thorpe in his efforts to avoid capture, the State charged White (along with Thorpe's wife, Tracy Lynn Thorpe), not as an accessory after the fact, but for the attempt to become an accessory after the fact. The relevant charging portion of the indictment contained the following language:

*403 [T]hat Tracy Lynn Thorpe and Herbert Joe White ... acting in concert, each with the other, did wilfully, unlawfully, and feloniously attempt to aid or assist, conceal, receive or relieve one Johnny Patrick Thorpe, who had committed the crime of aggravated assault, burglary and theft of anhydrous ammonia, and Tracy Lynn Thorpe and Herbert Joe White, knowing that Johnny Patrick Thorpe had committed those felony crimes, and after the commission of those felonies, with the felonious intent of them, Tracy Lynn Thorpe and Herbert Joe White, to enable Johnny Patrick Thorpe to escape or to avoid arrest, trial, conviction, or punishment....

¶ 5. White was tried separately from Tracy Lynn Thorpe and, as we have observed, was found guilty. Almost immediately after the verdict was returned, White moved to vacate his conviction on the ground that the indictment was fatally defective because it failed to charge with any measure of certainty the specific overt act in furtherance of the attempted crime that is a critical element of a charge of attempt. There can be no doubt that some overt act aimed at the accomplishment of the intended crime is an essential element of a charge of attempt. The statute establishing attempt as a crime provides that "[e]very person who shall design and endeavor to commit an offense, and shall do any overt act toward the commission thereof, but shall fail therein, or shall be prevented from committing the same ..." may be punished appropriately. Miss. Code Ann. § 97-1-7 (Rev.2000) (emphasis added). The Mississippi Supreme Court has firmly established that, in order to indict for an attempt, the indictment must set out with certainty the specific conduct that the State asserts to be the "overt act" undertaken by the defendant. Maxie v. State, 330 So.2d 277, 278 (Miss.1976). The evident purpose for this rule is the underlying general principle that one accused of a crime is entitled to know the specific nature of the allegations against him so that he can prepare his defense, rather than be left guessing as to what specific activity the State contends is a violation of the criminal statute. However, even though the necessity for a plain statement of the facts relied upon by the State has its foundation in the concept of adequate notice to the defendant of the nature of the allegations against him, the State may not avoid the requirement by showing that the defendant had actual notice from some other source of the specific nature of the State's allegations. Hawthorne v. State, 751 So.2d 1090, 1095 (¶ 24) (Miss.Ct.App. 1999). There is no acceptable substitute or cure in the law for an indictment that omits the essential charging information.

¶ 6. The fact that this indictment does not contain "a plain, concise and definite written statement of the essential facts constituting the offense charged" because of its failure to set out with any certainty White's "overt act" intended to aid Thorpe's escape renders the indictment void. Maxie, 330 So.2d at 278. Because of the nature of the defect in the indictment, it cannot be the subject of waiver by failure to raise the issue prior to trial. Id. Nevertheless, the trial court in this instance, taking note of the promptness with which the issue was raised after the guilty verdict was returned, wa

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White v. State, 851 So. 2d 400, 2003 WL 21741692 (Mich. Ct. App. 2003).

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