Whelan v. Albertson's, Inc.

879 P.2d 888, 129 Or. App. 501, 1994 Ore. App. LEXIS 1195
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedAugust 10, 1994
Docket9206-03848; CA A79486
StatusPublished
Cited by28 cases

This text of 879 P.2d 888 (Whelan v. Albertson's, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Whelan v. Albertson's, Inc., 879 P.2d 888, 129 Or. App. 501, 1994 Ore. App. LEXIS 1195 (Or. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

*503 RIGGS, J.

Plaintiff appeals a judgment granted pursuant to ORCP 21A(8) dismissing his claims for intentional infliction of emotional distress, interference with contractual relations, battery, civil intimidation and negligence. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

We take as true the facts alleged in the complaint. Plaintiff was a security guard employed by American Protective Services (APS). APS assigned plaintiff to work for an Albertson’s store owned by defendant Albertson’s, Inc. (Albertson’s). Plaintiff, who was unarmed, was required to discourage drug dealing in the parking lot and to eject intoxicated and disruptive people from the store.

Plaintiff reported to defendant Flemming, who was the store manager on duty who supervised his work. Schedin, a defendant below, was a non-supervisory employee. Soon after plaintiff went to work at Albertson’s, Flemming and Schedin began repeatedly to refer to plaintiff as “Serge,” after an effeminate character in the film “Beverly Hills Cop.” In front of plaintiff and other employees, Flemming and Schedin repeatedly referred to plaintiff as a “queer” and imitated his allegedly effeminate characteristics. Plaintiff repeatedly told Flemming and Schedin that he was not homosexual and that their conduct and comments were offensive.

Flemming and Schedin continued their ridicule and led other employees and the public to believe that plaintiff was homosexual. For example, in the presence of customers, Flemming asked plaintiff if he had “fucked” a woman he dated, and then said “you must not have, because a woman does not have what you want.” Also, Flemming instructed a cashier to refer to plaintiff as “Serge” over a public address system, which she did on one occasion. Plaintiff became concerned that allegations of homosexuality would make him vulnerable to violent acts by some elements of the store’s clientele.

The verbal harassment peaked when plaintiff mentioned to Flemming that the microwave was dirty, and Flem-ming asked Schedin to clean it. Schedin became angry at plaintiff and uttered a string of vulgarities that included ‘ ‘you *504 asshole” and “you queer.” Customers, employees and Flem-ming witnessed the outburst. Flemming, who supervised Schedin as well as plaintiff, did not attempt to stop Schedin’s outburst. Schedin later saw plaintiff in a private area of the store, called him a “fucking queer asshole” and shoved him hard in the chest with both hands. Plaintiff called for Flem-ming’s assistance. As Schedin continued to swear at plaintiff and to maintain a threatening stance, plaintiff told Flemming about the shoving incident. Flemming asked Schedin what he wanted him to do, and Schedin replied, “I don’t want this fucking queer to be around me or say anything to me.” Flemming then ordered plaintiff to stay away from Schedin.

The behavior of Flemming and Schedin stripped plaintiff of the authority that he needed to control the store’s clientele. Plaintiff complained in writing to Flemming’s supervisor, but the verbal harassment continued for the next two shifts. After that time, APS removed plaintiff from his assignment at Albertson’s.

Plaintiff alleged several claims for relief against defendants Flemming, Albertson’s and Schedin. He appeals the dismissal of his claims of intentional infliction of emotional distress and negligence against Flemming and Albert-son’s and the claim of interference with contractual relations against Flemming. He also appeals the dismissal of claims that Albertson’s was vicariously liable for Schedin’s battery and civil intimidation. 1

Plaintiffs claims were dismissed for failure to state a claim. ORCP 21A(8). Whether a complaint states a claim is a question of law. Hansen v. Anderson, 113 Or App 216, 218, 831 P2d 717 (1992). When reviewing a judgment entered for failure to state a claim, we treat the facts alleged in the complaint as true. Glubka v. Long, 115 Or App 236, 238, 837 P2d 553 (1992).

We first consider whether plaintiff stated a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress against Flemming. In order to state that claim, a plaintiff must plead that the defendant intended to inflict and caused severe emotional *505 distress, and that the defendant’s acts were “an extraordinary transgression of the bounds of socially tolerable conduct.” Sheets v. Knight, 308 Or 220, 236, 779 P2d 1000 (1989). Plaintiff pleaded that Flemming acted with the intent to demean and humiliate him, resulting in his extreme embarrassment, humiliation and emotional distress. The question disputed by the parties is whether a reasonable jury could find that Flemming’s insults transgressed “the bounds of socially tolerable conduct.”

Our inquiry into whether Flemming’s insults are actionable begins with an analysis of those cases where statements have been held to be socially intolerable and those where statements were held to be merely rude. We have held that racial and ethnic slurs can be socially intolerable. Lathrope-Olson v. Dept. of Transportation, 128 Or App 405, 408, 876 P2d 345 (1994). Language used to sexually harass, such as “all women were good for was between their legs,” has also been deemed socially intolerable. 128 Or App at 408. In contrast, unfounded, private accusations of lying and sabotage were characterized as rude and boorish, but not actionable. Watte v. Edgar Maeyens, Jr., M.D., P.C., 112 Or App 234, 828 P2d 479, rev den 314 Or 176 (1992). Here, the insults directed at plaintiff were sexual in nature and resemble the socially intolerable sexual references in Lathrope-Olson v. Dept. of Transportation, supra.

If the content of statements alone is not dispositive, we also consider the context and repetition of the insults, in determining whether the statements were socially intolerable.

‘ ‘The invitation to a woman to illicit intercourse, insufficient in itself [to be actionable], becomes extreme outrage when it is prolonged and repeated to the point of hounding, and accompanied by advertising in the form of indecent pictures or exposure.” Prosser, Torts § 11 at 48, 49 (3d ed 1964). Quoted in Pakos v. Clark, 253 Or 113, 126, 453 P2d 682 (1969).

Here, while taunts of “queer,” and “Serge” might not be actionable in isolation, their repetition in the presence of customers and co-workers, especially in the light of plaintiffs work, weighs in favor of holding that a reasonable jury could find that they were socially intolerable. Likewise, asking *506 plaintiff if he “fucked” his date is less socially tolerable when the question is posed in front of customers. We hold that a reasonable jury could find that Flemming’s course of conduct was extraordinary and beyond the limits of social toleration. Thus, it was error to dismiss the claim against Flemming for intentional infliction of emotional distress.

Wb next consider whether plaintiff stated a claim against Flemming for intentional interference with contract. 2

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Bluebook (online)
879 P.2d 888, 129 Or. App. 501, 1994 Ore. App. LEXIS 1195, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/whelan-v-albertsons-inc-orctapp-1994.