West v. Oklahoma Water Resources Board

1991 OK CIV APP 90, 820 P.2d 454, 62 O.B.A.J. 3686, 1991 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 93, 1991 WL 253106
CourtCourt of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedSeptember 17, 1991
DocketNo. 75397
StatusPublished

This text of 1991 OK CIV APP 90 (West v. Oklahoma Water Resources Board) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
West v. Oklahoma Water Resources Board, 1991 OK CIV APP 90, 820 P.2d 454, 62 O.B.A.J. 3686, 1991 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 93, 1991 WL 253106 (Okla. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinion

OPINION

HANSEN, Presiding Judge:

Appellant, Oklahoma Water Resources Board (Board), seeks review of the trial court’s order finding a portion of Rule 300.7, and all of Rule 300.17, Oklahoma’s [455]*455Water Quality Standards 1988,1 to be invalid and contrary to law, and enjoining enforcement or application of these rules. We reverse and remand.

Appellee, Allen West (West), is a riparian owner along Bird Creek in Tulsa County. He initiated this action by his Petition for Declaratory Judgment, citing 75 O.S.1981 § 306.2 Section 306, in relevant part, provides:

The validity or applicability of a rule may be determined in an action for declaratory judgment ... if it is alleged the rule, or its threatened application, interferes with or impairs, or threatens to interfere with or impair, the legal rights or privileges of the plaintiff.

In his Petition, West alleges Board has, or threatens to, apply Rules 300.7 and 300.-17, Oklahoma Water Quality Standards (Standards), to Bird Creek to impermissibly downgrade water quality, classification and use. West further alleges such action would interfere with or impair, or threaten to interfere with or impair, his rights and privileges. He asks the trial court to declare the rules invalid because they conflict with the express policy of the state and because Board has no authority to promulgate rules for classification of waters which downgrade uses, quality and classification. Finally, West asks that Board be permanently enjoined from applying or threatening to apply the allegedly invalid rules.

After Board’s Answer, the parties conducted discovery, but by agreement, no further action was taken by either pending Board’s completion of a hydrological study of Bird Creek. This study — A Study to Evaluate the Dissolved Oxygen Criterion3 for Bird Creek, Oklahoma — was being conducted by Board’s staff, in conjunction with the City of Tulsa, at the time the action was filed. It is this study which West asserts as the basis for the requisite “threat” to give him standing to bring the action under 75 O.S.1981 § 306.

Shortly after the report of the study was issued, West moved for summary judgment. Board filed its response to West’s motion. The trial court granted West’s motion, finding Rule 300.17 wholly invalid and contrary to statute, and Rule 300.7 invalid and contrary to statute only insofar as it provides for the classification “Habitat Limited Fishery”, along with its dissolved oxygen criteria. The trial court enjoined Board from enforcing or applying either of these rules. Board appeals from this order.

[456]*456As its first proposition of trial court error, Board contends West lacked standing to bring this action because he failed to demonstrate the challenged rules posed any threat to interfere with or impair his legal rights associated with Bird Creek. We agree. In view of our holding on this issue, we have no need to discuss Board’s other contentions of error.

In our consideration of Board’s “standing” argument, we are guided by the Supreme Court’s discussion of that issue in Democratic Party of Oklahoma v. Estep, 652 P.2d 271 (Okla.1982):

Standing focuses on the party seeking to get his complaint before the court and not on the issues tendered for determination...., the inquiry posed is whether the party invoking the court’s jurisdiction has a legally cognizable interest in the outcome of the tendered controversy. One who is not “aggrieved” by a decision — however erroneous — may not bring a challenge to its validity.

In 75 O.S.1981 § 306, the Legislature has specifically authorized seeking declaratory judgment, in the appropriate district court, as to the validity or applicability of administrative rules. One has standing to bring such action only if he is “aggrieved” by the challenged rule interfering with, or impairing, or threatening to interfere with or impair, his legal rights or privileges. While West contends he has met that test, we are not persuaded he has done so.

As we noted above, West argues Board, through the use of Rule 300.17, threatens to downgrade the water quality of Bird Creek by lowering the dissolved oxygen criteria, and additionally threatens, either directly through the use of Rule 300.7, or de facto through lower dissolved oxygen criteria, to reclassify Bird Creek’s presently designated beneficial use of Primary Warm Water Fishery to the less desirable use of Habitat Limited Fishery. West asserts Board intended, and still intends, to accomplish these results through the use of the scientific study Board conducted, or some future study.

The report of the study recommended no modification of the dissolved oxygen criterion as applied to Bird Creek, finding “the statewide criteria which currently applies to Bird Creek appears to be appropriate, neither too low or too high", (emphasis added). The record reveals nothing to indicate Board acted, or intends to act, contrary to the report’s recommendation.

To prove a purported continuing threat of harm, West relies on a statement in the study report that a secondary objective of the study was to collect baseline stream data to which data from future studies could be compared. West does not, however, and could not, because they do not exist, provide us with the parameters of such future studies to establish it would result in degradation of Bird Creek’s water quality, or affect its designated uses to West’s detriment.

To the contrary, our examination of the agreement leading to the original study, and the report of that study, fail to convince us, as West argues, the study was conducted “so that Tulsa could discharge more pollution than it otherwise could into Bird Creek”. Similarly, West’s repeated argument that Board enacted Rule 300.17 “so that increased pollution would be authorized”, is equally unpersuasive.

The study agreement provided that before a modified criterion could be applied to a site, it had to be demonstrated the criterion adequately protects the highest potential uses of the site. Additionally, the report reveals a comprehensive discussion of the study findings in support of the report’s recommendation that modification of the dissolved oxygen criteria to some level higher than required by state standards was unwarranted. It is clear upgrading of the dissolved oxygen criteria was recognized as an alternative recommendation.

Further, Board has continually acknowledged “a lower (dissolved oxygen) value could only be established if scientific studies establish that such a lower number would be protective of beneficial uses as required by law and would not lower water quality”.

[457]*457West’s conclusional assertions the study was only an artifice whereby Board and the City of Tulsa could justify pollution is not supported by the record.

The question of what is a “threat” which will support standing under 75 O.S.1981 § 306 has not been determined in Oklahoma. The Third Court of Appeals of Texas, interpreting a provision similar to § 306, stated in State Board of Insurance of Texas v. Deffebach, 631 S.W.2d 794 (Tex.Civ.App.1982):

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Related

Democratic Party of Oklahoma v. Estep
652 P.2d 271 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1982)
Davis v. Little
1955 OK 306 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1955)
State Board of Insurance v. Deffebach
631 S.W.2d 794 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1982)
State Ex Rel. State Board of Agriculture v. Warren
1958 OK 245 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1958)

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Bluebook (online)
1991 OK CIV APP 90, 820 P.2d 454, 62 O.B.A.J. 3686, 1991 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 93, 1991 WL 253106, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/west-v-oklahoma-water-resources-board-oklacivapp-1991.