Wendt v. Dckerson

2014 Ohio 4615

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: October 16, 2014
• Docket: 2014 AP 01 0003
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Wendt v. Dckerson, 2014-Ohio-4615.]

COURT OF APPEALS TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

CHRISTOPHER WENDT, ET AL. : JUDGES: : : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. Plaintiffs-Appellees : Hon.Sheila G. Farmer, J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. -vs- : : Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 : JUDITH DICKERSON, ET AL. : : : Defendants-Appellants : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2012 CV 02 0135

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: October 16, 2014

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiffs-Appellees: For Defendants-Appellants:

DAVID E. BUTZ PAUL HERVEY MATTHEW W. ONEST JILLIANN A. DAISHER Krugliak, Wilkins, Griffifths, & Dougherty Fitzpatrick, Zimmerman & Rose Co., Co., LPA L.P.A. 4775 Munson St., NW P.O. Box 1014 P.O. Box 36963 New Philadelphia, OH 44663 Canton, OH 44735-6963 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 2

Delaney, J.

{¶1} Defendants-Appellants Judith Dickerson, Mary Louise Foster, Elaine F.

Harris, Claire M. Dickerson, Richard H. Dickerson, Robert J. Dickerson, Raymond

Dickerson, Constance Clark, Deborah Snelson, Misty Engstrom, Ronald K. Dickerson,

John L. Dickerson, and Wanda Dickerson (“the Dickersons”) appeal the February 21,

2013 and January 15, 2014 judgment entries of the Tuscarawas County Court of

Common Pleas.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

{¶2} In 1928, John R. Dickerson obtained full ownership interest in

approximately 82 acres of real property located in Section 20 of Cadiz Township,

Harrison County, Ohio ("the Property"). Approximately four years later, John R.

Dickerson transferred one-half of the Property to his wife, Marjorie I. Dickerson. John

and Marjorie Dickerson were divorced prior to the transfer. On December 17, 1952,

John and Marjorie Dickerson jointly transferred their interest in the Property to the

Pittsburgh Consolidated Coal Company via a warranty deed; however, John and

Marjorie Dickerson each retained a one-half interest in all of the oil and gas and the

rights to drill and/or explore said oil and gas associated with the Property. John and

Marjorie Dickerson transferred the rights to the Property's surface, coal, and all other

non-oil and gas minerals. Pursuant to the 1952 transaction, the mineral rights were

severed from the surface estate.

{¶3} John R. Dickerson passed away on September 7, 1976. His mineral rights

to the Property were not included in his estate. Marjorie I. Dickerson passed away on

August 24, 1994. Her estate was not probated at the time of her death. Judith Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 3

Dickerson, Mary Louise Foster, Elaine F. Harris, Claire M. Dickerson, Richard H.

Dickerson, Robert J. Dickerson, Raymond Dickerson, Constance Clark, Deborah

Snelson, Misty Engstrom, Ronald K. Dickerson, John L. Dickerson, and Wanda

Dickerson (“the Dickersons”) are the sole heirs of John R. Dickerson and Marjorie I.

Dickerson.

{¶4} Pittsburgh Consolidated Coal Company strip-mined and reclaimed the

property. In 1997, Pittsburgh Consolidated Coal Company sold the Property to Neil

Porter via a limited warranty deed. In 2006, Neil Porter sold the Property to Plaintiffs-

Appellees Christopher and Veronica Wendt ("the Wendts") via a survivorship deed. The

deed to the property was recorded on April 21, 2006. The deed was subject to the

reservation by "John R. Dickerson and Marjorie I. Dickerson, their heirs and assigns for

all of the oil and gas with the right to drill for in Warranty Deed filed for record December

17, 1952 in Volume 133, page 69, Deed Records."

{¶5} From 1952 to 2011, the Dickersons took no action related to their mineral

rights to the Property.

{¶6} In 2011, the Dickersons began enforcing their inherited mineral rights to

the Property. The Dickersons gave John L. Dickerson a power of attorney to deal with

the inherited mineral rights on behalf of all the Dickerson heirs. On February 28, 2011,

the Dickersons recorded two documents with the Harrison County Recorder’s Office,

each entitled “Affidavit for Transfer of Real Estate Inherited.” In May 2011, the

Dickersons signed a lease with Chesapeake Exploration LLC for the mineral rights to

the Property. The lease was recorded by Chesapeake on November 2, 2011. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 4

{¶7} During 2011, the Wendts also sought to lease their mineral rights to the

Property. The Wendts signed a mineral lease with Chesapeake in the spring of 2011.

The lease failed because of the Dickersons’ potential interest in the mineral rights.

{¶8} On October 11, 2011, the Wendts published a notification of abandonment

in a local newspaper pursuant to R.C. 5301.56. On October 21, 2011, the Wendts

recorded an Affidavit of Abandonment with the Harrison County Recorder’s Office. The

Affidavit asserted the Wendts owned all the oil and gas rights by the automatic

operation of R.C. 5301.56.

{¶9} The Wendts executed a second lease with Chesapeake on October 31,

2011, but the lease was terminated due to the conflict in the mineral rights.

{¶10} On December 9, 2011, the Dickersons recorded a “Claims to Preserve

Mineral Interest regarding any mineral interests inherited from Marjorie Dickerson and to

Preserve Mineral Interest regarding any mineral interests inherited from John

Dickerson” with the Harrison County Recorder’s Office.

{¶11} On February 9, 2012, the Wendts filed a complaint against the Dickersons

and Chesapeake Exploration LLC in the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas.

The complaint brought nine causes of action: declaratory judgment, quiet title,

injunction, slander of title, unjust enrichment/quantum meruit, trespass,

negligence/negligence per se, potential interference with business relationship, and

constructive trust. The Wendts requested the trial court rule they were the lawful owners

of the mineral rights. The Wendts argued pursuant to the 1998 version of the Ohio

Dormant Mineral Act, the mineral rights merged with the surface estate no later than Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 5

March 22, 1992. The Dickersons filed a counterclaim alleging slander of title and

intentional interference with business relationships.

{¶12} On February 24, 2012, the granddaughter of Marjorie I. Dickerson filed an

application with the Harrison County Probate Court to relieve the estate of Marjorie I.

Dickerson from administration.

{¶13} The Wendts filed a motion for summary judgment on December 23, 2012.

The Dickersons filed a motion for summary judgment on December 17, 2012. The

Dickersons’ motion did not request judgment as a matter of law on their counterclaims.

{¶14} The Wendts dismissed Chesapeake as a party defendant on January 8,

2013.

{¶15} The trial court ruled on the pending motions for summary judgment on

February 21, 2013. The trial court granted the Wendts' motion for summary judgment as

it pertained to Wendts' claims for declaratory judgment, quiet title, and injunction. The

trial court found the 1998 version of the Ohio Dormant Mineral Act applied and as such,

the mineral rights merged with the surface estate on March 22, 1992. The Wendts were

therefore the owners of the mineral rights underlying the surface estate. The trial court

found there were genuine issues of material fact as to the Wendts' remaining claims.

The trial court denied the Dickersons' motion for summary judgment. The trial court's

decision on summary judgment is the subject of the within appeal.

{¶16} The trial court held a bench trial on the parties' remaining claims. The

Wendts dismissed their claims for unjust enrichment and negligence. On January 15,

2014, the trial court issued its judgment entry that found the Wendts and the Dickersons

were not entitled to judgment on their remaining claims. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 6

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶17} The Dickersons raise two Assignments of Error:

{¶18} "I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FINDING THAT THE 1989 OHIO

DORMANT MINERAL ACT APPLIES TO THIS CASE.

{¶19} "II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE 1989 ODMA

WAS CONSTITUTIONALLY APPLIED TO THE APPELLANTS."

ANALYSIS

{¶20} The American energy boom from the drilling of Utica and Marcellus Shale

has touched many aspects of life in the State of Ohio -- the economy, the environment,

and now, the law. The history of Ohio is rich with the production of coal, oil, and gas.

Ohio has managed to keep pace with the utilization of Ohio's natural resources, but the

rapid development of the production of shale gas is testing Ohio's existing mineral rights

laws. Energy development corporations are presenting Ohio landowners and mineral

rights holders with the opportunity to lease the mineral rights for thousands of dollars

per acre. Ohio landowners, mineral rights holders, and energy producers are looking to

Ohio's mineral rights laws to answer their most important question: Who owns the

mineral rights?

Ohio Dormant Mineral Act

{¶21} The law currently at the forefront of Ohio's energy boom is R.C. 5301.56,

commonly referred to as the Ohio Dormant Mineral Act ("DMA"). The impetus for the

creation of the DMA was a decision originating out of this Court and appealed to the

Ohio Supreme Court: Heifner v. Bradford, 4 Ohio St.3d 49, 446 N.E.2d 440 (1983). In

Heifner, the mineral rights were severed from the surface estate, causing two chains of Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 7

title. The mineral rights were transferred through the probate court. The surface estate

was preserved by instruments filed in the recorder's office. Neither the surface chain of

title nor the mineral rights chain of title referred to the other. The parties to the surface

estate and the mineral rights both claimed the Marketable Title Act, functioned to give

them marketable title to the mineral rights. The Fifth District held the surface deed

transferred the entire estate, including the mineral rights. Heifner at 49. The Supreme

Court reversed. It held the conveyance of the mineral rights that passed in 1957 under

terms of will was a “title transaction” within meaning of Marketable Title Act; therefore,

the beneficiaries' interest was not extinguished by operation of Marketable Title Act

even though the surface estate had an unbroken chain of title of record of 40 years or

more. Heifner, paragraph one and two of syllabus.

{¶22} The DMA was the General Assembly's response to Heifner. The DMA,

effective March 22, 1989, was originally enacted as part of Ohio's Marketable Title Act.

The 1989 DMA provides that a mineral interest held by one other than the surface

owner "shall be deemed abandoned and vested in the owner of the surface" if no

savings event occurred within the preceding 20 years. R.C. 5301.56(B)(1)(c). The six

savings events are: (i) the mineral interest was the subject of a title transaction that has

been filed or recorded in the recorder's office; (ii) there was actual production or

withdrawal by the holder; (iii) the holder used the mineral interest for underground gas

storage; (iv) a mining permit has been issue to the holder; (v) a claim to preserve the

mineral interest was filed; or (vi) a separately listed tax parcel number was created. R.C.

5301.56(B)(1)(c)(i)-(vi). Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 8

{¶23} The 1989 DMA provided the following grace period: "A mineral interest

shall not be deemed abandoned under division (B)(1) of this section because none of

the circumstances described in that division apply, until three years from the effective

date of this section." R.C. 5301.56(B)(2).

{¶24} The 1989 DMA was enacted to solve the title problems associated with

severed mineral rights and to further the public policy interests in developing Ohio's

minerals. The practical application of the 1989 DMA, however, caused confusion.

{¶25} In 2006, the General Assembly amended the DMA to fix the procedural

problems associated with the 1989 DMA. The 2006 DMA clarified the 20-year period by

calculating it as being the 20-years immediately proceeding the date when notice of

intent is served or published by the surface owner on the mineral rights holders. It

eliminated the three year grace period in R.C. 5301.56(B)(2). The 2006 DMA set forth a

specific procedure for a surface owner to obtain the mineral interests. R.C. 5301.56(B)

states the mineral interest "shall be deemed abandoned and vested in the owner of the

surface," operates only if none of the savings events apply and "if the requirements

established in division (E) of this section are satisfied." R.C. 5301.56(E) requires that

Before a mineral interest becomes vested under division (B) of this section

in the owner of the surface of the lands subject to the interest, the owner

of the surface of the lands subject to the interest shall do both of the

following:

(1) Serve notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, to each

holder or each holder's successors or assignees, at the last known

address of each, of the owner's intent to declare the mineral Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 9

interest abandoned. If service of notice cannot be completed to any

holder, the owner shall publish notice of the owner's intent to

declare the mineral interest abandoned at least once in a

newspaper of general circulation in each county in which the land

that is subject to the interest is located. The notice shall contain all

of the information specified in division (F) of this section.

(2) At least thirty, but not later than sixty days after the date on

which the notice required under division (E)(1) of this section is

served or published, as applicable, file in the office of the county

recorder of each county in which the surface of the land that is

subject to the interest is located an affidavit of abandonment that

contains all of the information specified in division (G) of this

section.

{¶26} The 2006 DMA also requires the mineral holder who claims an interest

has not been abandoned may file with the county recorder: (a) a claim to preserve or (b)

an affidavit containing a savings event within 60 days after the notice of abandonment is

served or published. R.C. 5306.56(H)(1). If no such timely document is recorded, then

the surface owner "who is seeking to have the interest deemed abandoned and vested

in the owner" shall file with the recorder a notice of the failure to file. R.C. 5301.56(H)(2).

"Immediately after" such recording, "the mineral interest shall vest in the owner of the

surface * * *." Id.1

1 However, this procedural mechanism was amended in 2014. R.C. 5301.56(H)(2) states that upon a holder’s failure to file a claim to preserve, the surface owner seeking to have a mineral interest vested in them must file a notice of failure to file a claim to preserve in the county’s recorder’s office. Upon the recording of such notice, the mineral interest vests in the owner of the surface of the lands. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 10

{¶27} The enactment of the 2006 DMA did not eliminate the conflict between the

surface owner and the holder of the mineral interests. In order to determine who owns

the mineral rights, the Ohio landowners, mineral rights holders, and energy producers

are now asking: Which version of the DMA applies?

Litigation Regarding the DMA

{¶28} On September 3, 2014, the Ohio Supreme Court accepted the appeal of

Walker v. Shondrick-Nau, a case originating out of the Seventh District Court of

Appeals.2 In Walker, a severed mineral interest was created by a reservation in a 1965

deed. On April 27, 2012, the surface owner filed a quiet title action seeking

abandonment and vesting of the mineral interest to the surface owner. On appeal, the

Seventh District affirmed the judgment of the trial court to find the 1989 DMA could still

be used after the 2006 DMA amendments because the prior statute was self-executing

and the lapsed right automatically vested with the surface owner. Walker, 7th Dist.

Noble No. 13NO402, 2012-Ohio-1499.

{¶29} The Supreme Court accepted all propositions of law presented in the

Walker appeal. Those issues are:

Proposition of Law No. I: The 2006 version of the DMA is the only version

of the DMA to be applied after June 30, 2006, the effective date of said

statute.

2 If a map of the potential Marcellus and Utica Shale in Ohio is compared to a map of the Ohio appellate districts, the observer will see that the counties of the Seventh and the Fifth District Courts of Appeals are at the epicenter of the mineral rights debate. The Court notes the property at question in the present appeal is located in Harrison County, a county within the territory of the Seventh District Court of Appeals. Other appellate districts that could be addressing these issues in the future are the Fourth, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 11

Proposition of Law No. II: To establish a mineral interest as "deemed

abandoned" under the 1989 version of the DMA, the surface owner must

have taken some action to establish abandonment prior to June 30, 2006.

In all cases where a surface owner failed to take such action, only the

2006 version of the DMA can be used to obtain relief.

Proposition of Law No. III: To the extent the 1989 version of the DMA

remains applicable, the 20-year look-back period shall be calculated

starting on the date a complaint is filed which first raises a claim under the

1989 version of the DMA.

Proposition of Law No. IV: For purposes of R.C. 5301.56(L3)(3) [sic], a

severed oil and gas mineral interest is the 'subject of' any title transaction

which specifically identifies the recorded document creating that interest

by volume and page number, regardless of whether the severed mineral

interest is actually transferred or reserved.

Proposition of Law No. V: Irrespective of the savings events in R.C.

5301.56(B)(3), the limitations in R.C. 5301.49 can separately bar a claim

under the DMA.

Proposition of Law No. VI: The 2006 version of the DMA applies

retroactively to severed mineral interests created prior to its effective date.

Walker, Ohio Supreme Court Case No. 2014-0803.

{¶30} As of the date of the authoring of this opinion, the Ohio Supreme Court

has three other cases before it that question the appropriate application of the DMA: Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 12

Chesapeake v. Buell, Case No. 2014-0067; Corban v. Chesapeake, Case No. 2014-

0804; and Dodd v. Crosky, Case No. 2013-1730.

{¶31} The present appeal now gives the Fifth District Court of Appeals the

opportunity to address which version of the DMA applies.

I.

{¶32} The Dickersons' first Assignment of Error argues the trial court erred by

finding that the 1989 DMA applied to the case. We disagree.

{¶33} The trial court granted the Wendts' motion for summary judgment to find

the 1989 DMA applied to automatically vest the mineral rights in the surface owner. We

refer to Civ.R. 56(C) when reviewing a motion for summary judgment which provides, in

pertinent part:

Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleading,

depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits,

transcripts of evidence in the pending case and written stipulations of fact,

if any, timely filed in the action, show that there is no genuine issue as to

any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a

matter of law. * * * A summary judgment shall not be rendered unless it

appears from such evidence or stipulation and only from the evidence or

stipulation, that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and

that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the motion for

summary judgment is made, such party being entitled to have the

evidence or stipulation construed most strongly in the party's favor. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 13

{¶34} The moving party bears the initial responsibility of informing the trial court

of the basis for the motion, and identifying those portions of the record before the trial

court, which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of fact on a material element

of the nonmoving party's claim. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292, 662 N.E.2d

264 (1996). The nonmoving party then has a reciprocal burden of specificity and cannot

rest on the allegations or denials in the pleadings, but must set forth “specific facts” by

the means listed in Civ.R. 56(C) showing that a “triable issue of fact” exists. Mitseff v.

Wheeler, 38 Ohio St.3d 112, 115, 526 N.E.2d 798, 801 (1988).

{¶35} Pursuant to the above rule, a trial court may not enter summary judgment

if it appears a material fact is genuinely disputed. Vahila v. Hall, 77 Ohio St.3d 421, 429,

674 N.E.2d 1164 (1997), citing Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 662 N.E.2d 264

(1996).

{¶36} In the Dickersons' appeal to this court, the Dickersons present arguments

parallel to those outlined in the Seventh District Court of Appeals decisions in Walker v.

Shondrick-Nau, supra and Swartz v. Householder, 2014-Ohio-2359, 12 N.E.2d 1243

(7th Dist.). As the appellants argued in Walker and Swartz, the Dickersons argue the

trial court erred when it found the 2006 DMA was not retroactive and the 1989 DMA

applied to determine the mineral rights automatically vested with the surface owners on

March 22, 1992.

{¶37} Based on the Dickersons arguments, we are inclined to follow the

persuasive authority of our colleagues in the Seventh District Court of Appeals to find

the trial court correctly determined that the 1989 DMA applied and under the language Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 14

of the 1989 DMA, the mineral rights automatically vested with the surface owners on

{¶38} The Dickersons' first Assignment of Error is overruled. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 15

II.

{¶39} The Dickersons argue in their second Assignment of Error the trial court

erred when it found the 1989 DMA was constitutionally applied to the Dickersons. We

disagree.

{¶40} Upon review of the record, the Dickersons did not argue the

constitutionality of the 1989 DMA in their motion for summary judgment. The trial court

did not address the constitutionality of the 1989 DMA in its February 21, 2013 judgment

entry granting summary judgment in favor of the Wendts. A bench trial was held on the

parties' remaining claims. The Dickersons raised the constitutionality issue in their post-

trial rebuttal brief. In the trial court's January 15, 2014 judgment entry ruling on the

remaining claims, the trial court did not address the constitutionality argument.

{¶41} There could be argument that the Dickersons failed to truly raise the

constitutionality of the statute at the trial court level, therefore rendering the issue

waived for purposes of appeal. However, the court will address the Dickersons' second

Assignment of Error.

{¶42} The United States Supreme Court examined a similar dormant mineral

statute enacted by the State of Indiana in Texaco v. Short, 454 U.S. 516, 102 S.Ct. 781

70 L.Ed.2d 738 (1982). The Supreme Court found Indiana's DMA was not

unconstitutional as a state may treat as abandoned a mineral interest that has not been

used for twenty years and for which no statement of claim has been filed, and thus, a

mineral holder can validly lose his interest without advance notice from the surface

owner. Swartz, 2014-Ohio-2359 at ¶ 41 citing Texaco, 454 U.S. 516, 102 S.Ct. 781.

{¶43} Accordingly, we overruled the Dickersons' second Assignment of Error. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2014 AP 01 0003 16

CONCLUSION

{¶44} The judgment of the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas is

affirmed.

By: Delaney, J., and

Gwin, P.J. and.

Farmer, J., concurs.