Wells v. Davidson

689 S.W.2d 610, 1985 Ky. App. LEXIS 550
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedApril 5, 1985
StatusPublished

This text of 689 S.W.2d 610 (Wells v. Davidson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wells v. Davidson, 689 S.W.2d 610, 1985 Ky. App. LEXIS 550 (Ky. Ct. App. 1985).

Opinion

COOPER, Judge.

These are separate, consolidated appeals from an order of the circuit court affirming an opinion and award of the Workers’ Compensation Board. That opinion found the appellee/employee to be permanently and totally disabled, and assessed all liability for his disability against the appellant, The Special Fund. On appeal, the principal issue is whether the circuit court acted correctly in ruling that the opinion and award was supported by substantial evidence of probative value and in accordance with the [611]*611provisions of KRS Chapter 342. In a separate appeal, the appellant/employer argues that the Board erred in ordering it liable for all of the appellee’s present and future medical expenses. Reviewing the record below, we reverse and remand.

The facts relative to this action are as follows: On September 9, 1980, the appel-lee, Hagan Davidson, experienced pain in his lower back during the course and scope of his employment as an appliance salesman with the appellant, Martin’s Department Store (hereinafter Martin’s). The ap-pellee continued working until September 21, at which time he was hospitalized. He was subsequently diagnosed as suffering from multiple myeloma, a form of cancer.

Subsequent to a hearing and the presentation of evidence, the Board ruled that the appellee was totally, occupationally disabled and that such was attributable to the arousal into disabling reality of a dormant, non-disabling disease or condition. KRS 342.120. Specifically, it ruled that the ap-pellee’s myeloma was “aroused or brought into disabling reality by reason of the injury at work ...” It assessed all liability for such injury against the Special Fund. It is from this opinion and award that the appellant now appeals.

As stated by the circuit court, the issue before this Court is whether the Board erred in ruling that there was substantial evidence to support a finding that the ap-pellee’s myeloma was a disease or condition aroused into disabling reality as a result of the work-related event of September 9, 1980.

The relevant medical testimony presented to the Board was as follows: Dr. Claude Farley, the internist who had treated the appellee since February of 1981, diagnosed his condition as multiple myeloma, defining it as follows:

... a malignancy of a kind of blood cell that we call a plasma cell. The malignant cell itself is a derivative of that plasma cell. It involves the bone marrow, the cortical bone itself, and as a result of being able to produce an abnormal protein, as that protein collects in the body damage to internal organs can occur, specifically the kidneys are a sensitive organ sensitive to that protein.

In attempting to characterize or define a causal relationship between the appellee’s disability and the work-related event of September 9, Dr. Farley stated, in part, as follows:

Well, what I think happened, in looking back over this material, particularly in review of the initial history that we got, the accident probably brought to the fore the existence of this multiple myeloma.

Similarly, Dr. Vernon Humbert, an internist who also diagnosed the appellee’s condition as multiple myeloma, testified that the injury of September 9, merely brought out or made clinically apparent a pre-exist-ing condition:

Q. Prior to the injury event and while Mr. Davidson was working and going about the regular duties of his employment, I suppose that the disease could be classified as a dormant, non-disabling, pre-existing disease condition.
A. He may very well had no symptoms at all from this disease for years before it became apparent.
Q. Would it be your opinion then that the injury event aroused it into disabling reality?
A. If making it clinically apparent is arousing it to disabling reality then yes.

A Board-appointed physician, Dr. O.M. Patrick, testified that in his opinion the appellee’s myeloma was not aroused into disabling reality by the injury of September 9. And, Dr. Kooros Sajadi, an orthopedic surgeon who examined the appellee in October of 1980, diagnosed the appellee as having a 5-10 percent functional impairment to the body as a whole, 5 percent of this disability attributable to the injury of September 9, and 22 percent attributable to the arousal into disabling reality of a preexisting dormant arthritic condition.

In reviewing the medical evidence presented to the Board, it is evident to this Court that there was an absence of sub[612]*612stantial evidence to support a finding that the appellee’s disability was attributable to the arousal into disabling reality of a dormant, non-disabling disease or condition. KRS 342.120. On the contrary, the testimonies of Dr. Farley and Dr. Humbert clearly established that although the appel-lee’s myeloma was discovered, or made clinically apparent as the result of the work-related injury, there was no causal connection between the injury and the mye-loma.

In his treatise, Professor Larson states in The Law of Workmen’s Compensation, § 12.21 as follows:

Preexisting disease or infirmity of the employee does not disqualify a claim under the “arising out of employment” requirement if the employment aggravated, accelerated, or combined with the disease or infirmity to produce the death or disability for which compensation is sought.

On the specific problem of finding a causal relationship between a work-related injury and specific types of cancer, Professor Larson states as follows in § 12.24:

Since the rule of law stated at the beginning of this section is so widely accepted, in practice most of the problems in this area are medical rather than legal. Indeed, it is medical controversy that chiefly accounts for the large number of cases in this category. The relation between exertion and coronary thrombosis is a familiar example, with many doctors asserting that there is no connection between the two, and that the man who allegedly suffered a coronary from exertion could just as well have suffered it at home in bed. Similarly, there is controversy on the relation between trauma and the causing or spreading of cancer. Thus, Dr. Carroll J. Beilis has written that “[tjrauma as an inciting or aggravating mechanism does not have a place in cancer development, and schooled pathologists do not include injury as a mechanism by which cancer is initiated or stimulated. It will be found, then, that denials of compensation in this category are almost entirely the result of holdings that the evidence did not support a finding that the employment contributed to the final result.

Although some courts in other jurisdictions have upheld a finding of causation between a specific cancer and a work-related injury, such decisions seem to have been predicated on the fact that the cancer was aggravated by the injury. See Potenza v. United Terminals, Inc., 524 F.2d 1136 (2nd Cir.1975); Parks v. Sheller—Globe Corp., Hardy Div., 177 Ind.App. 498,

Related

Kress v. City of Newark
86 A.2d 185 (Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1952)
Parks v. SHELLER-GLOBE CORP., HARDY DIVISION
380 N.E.2d 110 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 1978)
Old King Mining Co. v. Mullins
252 S.W.2d 871 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1952)
American Rolling Mill Co. v. Stevens
160 S.W.2d 355 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1941)
Young v. McDonald
481 S.W.2d 41 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 1972)
Yocom v. Gibbs
525 S.W.2d 744 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 1975)
Robinson-Pettet Co. v. Workmen's Compensation Board
258 S.W. 318 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 1924)
Potenza v. United Terminals, Inc.
524 F.2d 1136 (Second Circuit, 1975)

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Bluebook (online)
689 S.W.2d 610, 1985 Ky. App. LEXIS 550, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wells-v-davidson-kyctapp-1985.