COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS FORT WORTH
NO. 02-10-00166-CV
WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. APPELLANT
V.
PEGGY BLACKBURN APPELLEE
----------
FROM THE 415TH DISTRICT COURT OF PARKER COUNTY
MEMORANDUM OPINION1 ----------
I. INTRODUCTION
Appellant Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. raises three issues challenging the trial
court’s judgment that it take nothing on its claims against Appellee Peggy
Blackburn for breach of contract and account stated. Wells Fargo claims that
Peggy is liable for the charges incurred on a Wells Fargo Visa credit card; Peggy
argues, and the trial court found, that she was merely an authorized user of the
1 See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4. credit card and was not personally liable for the debt on the credit card. For the
reasons set forth below, we will affirm the trial court’s judgment.
II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Peggy was married to Gilden Blackburn (―Gil‖) in 2002. In 2002, Gil
obtained Wells Fargo Visa credit cards with an account number ending in 9904;
Gil was the accountholder, and Peggy was simply an authorized user of the
credit card.2
After the Wells Fargo Visa credit card account had been opened, Peggy
inquired about getting rewards points for airline tickets. Wells Fargo told Peggy
that all she had to do to was complete an extra benefits form. According to
Peggy, a private banker at Wells Fargo completed the portion of the form
pertaining to Peggy’s information, and Peggy signed the form at the bank. Peggy
did not recall anything being on the form except her signature; the box beside
―Add a Joint Accountholder‖ was not checked. When the private banker went to
her computer to activate the benefits, she told Peggy that she was not authorized
to apply for benefits because Gil was the accountholder. The private banker told
Peggy to take the form home and have Gil sign it. After Gil signed it, he ―took it
from there.‖
2 There were two authorized users on the account: Peggy and her daughter. A record keeper with Wells Fargo testified that an ―authorized user‖ is not personally liable for the debt, and an account with an authorized user typically involves a parent/student situation. He further testified that authorized users’ names are not on the account, and authorized users do not get the information reported on their credit reports.
2 Gil and Peggy used their Wells Fargo Visa credit cards up until 2006.
Peggy filed for divorce in January 2006. Gil subsequently called Wells Fargo to
cancel the Visa credit card because he did not want to be held responsible for
charges on that account. The last time that Gil used the Visa account ending in
9904 was prior to March 10, 2006.
In March 2006 after Peggy had filed for divorce, she went to buy gas one
day, and her Wells Fargo Visa credit card was declined; Peggy discovered that
the credit card account had been frozen. The following week, she received a
letter from Wells Fargo stating that Gil had closed the account and had told them
that Peggy would assume responsibility for the outstanding balance. Peggy tried
to get the account ending in 9904 reinstated in March 2006 after Gil had closed
it, but Wells Fargo told her that she was not authorized to make changes to the
account because she was only an authorized user on the account, not the
accountholder. Peggy then asked her divorce lawyer to send Gil a letter
requesting that he reactivate the account. Gil thereafter told her that he had
reactivated the account,3 and she received a credit card with an account number
ending in 3155.4 Peggy testified that Wells Fargo never asked for any financial
information from her in connection with the issuance of the replacement credit
card and that she never supplied any financial information to Wells Fargo.
3 Gil testified that in response to the letter, he did not reinstate the Visa account. 4 Peggy testified that Gil knew about the 3155 card and told her to cut it up.
3 Gil testified that he did not learn that Wells Fargo had issued Peggy a Visa
card ending in 3155 until April 2007 when he received a letter from Wells Fargo
demanding $60,000. Gil claimed that he immediately contacted Wells Fargo and
explained that he had not made any of the charges and had never used that
account.
According to Peggy, right before Gil apparently closed the 9904 account,
she had received a bill on the 9904 account and had contacted Gil to see which
charges were his; when some charges on the card apparently were not made by
either Gil or her, she called Wells Fargo to report unauthorized charges on the
account. Wells Fargo told her that their policy was to report the card as lost or
stolen, to freeze that account, to open a new account with a new number, and
then to credit the account for the items that were not charged by the users. Wells
Fargo then issued the card on the 3155 account. Peggy used the new account
and testified that she incurred all of the charges on the 3155 account––
$61,000—―to meet the needs of [her] kids,‖ including paying for her daughter’s
wedding.
In November 2007, Peggy wrote a letter to Wells Fargo that used the term
―joint credit card.‖ Peggy testified that when she used the term ―joint credit card‖
in her letter to the bank, she did not know that the term had a legal meaning; she
simply meant that she considered it her joint responsibility to provide for her
children. She stated that the responsibility for the debt ―is obviously in both our
names.‖
4 Peggy spoke with Mary at Wells Fargo in December 2007. Mary spoke
with her supervisors before asking for Gil’s address. After Peggy gave Gil’s
address to Mary, Peggy did not receive anything else from Wells Fargo.
Peggy testified that she did not ask to become a joint accountholder and
that there was never any discussion about her becoming a joint accountholder.
Wells Fargo told her that she was a joint accountholder only after she had
incurred the charges on the 3155 account. However, Peggy testified that there
was also a time after those charges were incurred when Wells Fargo told her that
she was not liable on the debt.
Leo Holloway, a paralegal and record keeper at Wells Fargo, testified that
he was familiar with the statements related to the account ending in 9904 and the
account ending in 3155. Holloway testified that when the account ending in 9904
was opened in March 2002, Peggy was not personally liable because the
account was set up as an authorized user account with Peggy as an authorized
user; on the initial form to open the account, ―additional cardholder‖ was circled,
rather than joint accountholder, and Gil did not apply for the rewards points
program. The credit card agreement disclosures were sent to Gil when the
account was opened.
Holloway testified that Peggy became a joint accountholder on December
3, 2003, and became ―primary liable‖ at that point. Holloway said that he relied
on the ―Add a Joint Accountholder‖ part of the ―Extra Benefits Request Form‖ to
reach that conclusion, but he admitted that he did not know who had put a check
5 mark in the box next to add a joint accountholder. Holloway was positive that no
one at Wells Fargo would have completed that form. He assumed that Gil or
Peggy had completed the form, but he had no personal knowledge of whether
the form was filled out before Peggy signed it. Wells Fargo never asked Peggy
to submit financial information to justify the extension of credit to her, but
Holloway said that such information is not required if the person becomes a joint
accountholder.
Wells Fargo received a call from Gil on or about March 10, 2006, stating
that he was going through a divorce and requesting that the account ending in
9904 be closed. Wells Fargo could not close it because there was a second
cardholder.5 So Wells Fargo froze the account.
Shortly thereafter, Peggy called and reported the credit card as lost or
stolen, and the account was ―reopened‖ with an account number ending in 3155
and was listed under Gil’s and Peggy’s names. After the account ending in 9904
was reported as lost or stolen, it was closed on April 4, 2006. The balance of
$5,568.23 was then transferred to the account ending in 3155.
Holloway testified that at one point, Peggy returned a call from Wells Fargo
and was ―very upset‖ because Gil had not agreed to pay the total amount due.
Peggy felt that she should not have to pay the total amount due. The problem
5 Holloway testified that Wells Fargo’s computer records indicate that Peggy’s role changed in March 2006, but it does not indicate a change from a signer to an accountholder.
6 was referred to Kim, who is a supervisor, to ―make sure that there is a secondary
cardholder.‖ Holloway thereafter examined notes from Wells Fargo’s system
dated July 16, 2007, which showed that the account was transferred ―to Kim so
we can find out how she [Peggy] became secondary accountholder instead of
authorized or just a signer, which was her role on account before. NL1 closed in
3-06.‖ Holloway explained that a ―secondary accountholder‖ is a ―joint
cardholder‖ and that a joint cardholder has joint and several liability.
In December 2007, Wells Fargo quit sending statements to Peggy and
started sending them to Gil because the skip tracing department found a new
address for Gil in Weatherford and sent the December 20, 2007 statement to that
address.6 The notes from Wells Fargo’s computer records dated December 21,
2007, show that the account was ―under primary and authorized user.‖ Holloway
did not interpret this note to mean that Wells Fargo had determined that Peggy
was just an authorized user. Holloway said that it would not be correct to say
that Mary told Peggy that Wells Fargo had reviewed the account and had
determined that Peggy was only an authorized user and had no personal liability,
so from December on they were going to send the statements to Gil. On
December 26, 2007, the notes indicate that there was no authorized user and
6 Gil testified that he now lives in Weatherford but that he previously lived in Lipan, Texas, with Peggy from July 2005 until November 2005 when he moved out.
7 that Wells Fargo quit talking to cardholder one and cardholder two 7 and found
that both were responsible for the debt.
Holloway did not bring copies of checks to show who had made payments
on the account. As of the trial, the balance due on the account ending in 3155
exceeded $61,000.8 Holloway testified that Wells Fargo did not receive a dispute
of charges from Peggy.
III. FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSION OF LAW
After hearing the evidence above, the trial court made the following
findings of fact:
1. On or about March 13, 2002, Gilden B. Blackburn (―Gil Blackburn‖) applied (the ―application‖) for a Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (―Wells Fargo‖) credit card;
2. The application was written and entitled ―Private Client Services Visa Platinum Application‖;
3. The original Wells Fargo account number was [XXXXXXXXXXXX]9904;
4. On or around April, 2006, the original account was changed to account number [XXXXXXXXXXXX]3155;
7 Holloway explained that when the notes from the computer records say that a Wells Fargo representative spoke with a cardholder, that is not an authorized user. This contradicts his conclusion that Peggy was originally an authorized user on the account because ―additional cardholder‖ was circled on the initial application for the credit card. 8 The statement from January 4, 2008 shows a balance of $61,177.50. Holloway said that the trial court would have to refer to statements for a finance charge rate because there are no supplemental disclosures other than those noted on the statements of a fixed rate account.
8 5. Wells Fargo was attempting to collect indebtedness incurred under both account numbers;
6. Peggy Blackburn was the spouse of Gil Blackburn at the time of all credit applications;
7. Wells Fargo admitted that Peggy Blackburn was not personally liable for charges on the account;
8. On or about December 3, 2003, Peggy Blackburn signed a Wells Fargo ―Extra Benefits Request Form‖ (the ―form‖) for the sole purpose of accessing the ―extra benefits,‖ including reward points, etc., available by use of the account[;]
9. Peggy Blackburn signed the form in blank without any handwriting contained thereon;
10. Peggy Blackburn did not manifest an intent to be personally liable on the account;
11. A Wells Fargo representative completed the form, including identifying Peggy Blackburn as a joint account holder, after the form was executed by Peggy Blackburn;
12. Neither Peggy Blackburn nor Gil Blackburn could identify whose printed handwriting was contained on the form;
13. Wells Fargo’s computer records in July and December 2007 indicated that Peggy Blackburn was an ―authorized user‖ of the account;
14. In 2007, Wells Fargo supervisors reviewed the account to determine whether Peggy Blackburn was personally liable for any charges;
15. It was determined by Wells Fargo that Peggy Blackburn was not personally liable for charges on the account;
16. Starting in 2007 Wells Fargo sent all monthly account statements and demands for payment to Gil Blackburn and not Peggy Blackburn;
9 17. The Wells Fargo ―Customer Agreement and Disclosure Statement‖ was stamp dated April 14, 2008;
18. An interest rate for account balances was not shown;
19. Wells Fargo never attempted to secure credit information from Peggy Blackburn;
20. Peggy Blackburn never requested an extension of credit to her from Wells Fargo;
21. The form was used for multiple purposes––not only for adding a joint account holder––but also for accessing the ―Rewards Benefit‖ program;
22. Gil Blackburn and Peggy Blackburn made charges to the account; and,
23. Gil Blackburn paid monies to Wells Fargo on the account.
Among the conclusions of law, the trial court concluded that ―Wells Fargo
and Peggy Blackburn did not have a contract covering the above-stated account
numbers.‖
IV. EVIDENCE SUPPORTS TRIAL COURT’S FINDING THAT PEGGY IS NOT PERSONALLY LIABLE ON ACCOUNT
In its first issue, Wells Fargo argues that Peggy is personally liable on the
account. Wells Fargo specifically challenges findings of fact 7, 10, 13, 15, and
18.9
Findings of fact entered in a case tried to the court have the same force
and dignity as a jury=s answers to jury questions. Anderson v. City of Seven
9 Wells Fargo states in its brief, ―The vast majority of the Court’s Findings of Fact are not supported by the evidence. Rather than outline each Finding of Fact individually, the most erroneous are discussed below.‖
10 Points, 806 S.W.2d 791, 794 (Tex. 1991). The trial court=s findings of fact are
reviewable for legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support them by
the same standards that are applied in reviewing evidence supporting a jury=s
answer. Ortiz v. Jones, 917 S.W.2d 770, 772 (Tex. 1996); Catalina v. Blasdel,
881 S.W.2d 295, 297 (Tex. 1994). When findings of fact are filed and are
unchallenged, they occupy the same position and are entitled to the same weight
as the verdict of a jury; they are binding on an appellate court unless the contrary
is established as a matter of law or there is no evidence to support the finding.
McGalliard v. Kuhlmann, 722 S.W.2d 694, 696 (Tex. 1986); Rischon Dev. Corp.
v. City of Keller, 242 S.W.3d 161, 166 (Tex. App.CFort Worth 2007, pet. denied),
cert. denied, 129 S. Ct. 501 (2008).
We may sustain a legal sufficiency challenge10 only when (1) the record
discloses a complete absence of evidence of a vital fact; (2) the court is barred
by rules of law or of evidence from giving weight to the only evidence offered to
prove a vital fact; (3) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no more than a
mere scintilla; or (4) the evidence establishes conclusively the opposite of a vital
fact. Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co. v. Martinez, 977 S.W.2d 328, 334 (Tex. 1998),
cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1040 (1999); Robert W. Calvert, "No Evidence" and
10 Wells Fargo does not set forth any standard of review in its brief. Wells Fargo, moreover, does not specify whether it is challenging the legal or factual sufficiency of the trial court’s findings; it states only that ―[t]he vast majority of the Court’s Findings of Fact are not supported by the evidence.‖ We will review the trial court’s findings of fact for legal sufficiency.
11 "Insufficient Evidence" Points of Error, 38 Tex. L. Rev. 361, 362–63 (1960). In
determining whether there is legally sufficient evidence to support the finding
under review, we must consider evidence favorable to the finding if a reasonable
factfinder could and disregard evidence contrary to the finding unless a
reasonable factfinder could not. Cent. Ready Mix Concrete Co. v. Islas, 228
S.W.3d 649, 651 (Tex. 2007); City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 807, 827
(Tex. 2005). If a party is attacking the legal sufficiency of an adverse finding on
an issue on which the party had the burden of proof, and there is no evidence to
support the finding, we review all the evidence to determine whether the contrary
proposition is established as a matter of law. Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis, 46
S.W.3d 237, 241 (Tex. 2001); Sterner v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686, 690
(Tex. 1989). Anything more than a scintilla of evidence is legally sufficient to
support the finding. Cont’l Coffee Prods. Co. v. Cazarez, 937 S.W.2d 444, 450
(Tex. 1996); Leitch v. Hornsby, 935 S.W.2d 114, 118 (Tex. 1996).
In the record before us, the evidence conclusively establishes that Peggy
was an authorized user under the original account application, in which
―additional cardholder‖ is circled and in which ―joint accountholder‖ is not circled.
The key document in dispute is the extra benefits form. Peggy was the only
person involved with the extra benefits form who recalled its execution; Holloway
was not present when the form was signed, and Gil did not recall signing the
form. The trial court thus had before it only Peggy’s testimony as to her reasons
for signing the form and who completed which portions of the form.
12 Peggy testified that she signed the form to obtain airline miles from the use
of the credit card. Peggy went to Wells Fargo where a private banker completed
the portion of the extra benefits form with Peggy’s information––the box beside
―Add a Joint Accountholder‖ was not checked––and then had Peggy sign it. After
reviewing the account information on her computer screen, the private banker
then told Peggy that she could not apply for the rewards benefits because Gil
was the accountholder. The private banker never discussed having Peggy
become a joint accountholder and never requested financial information from
Peggy. The private banker told Peggy to take the form home and to have Gil
sign it. The record includes a copy of the form and the mailer with the bank’s
return address on it; the form appears to have been mailed back to the bank and
is stamped:
RECEIVED DEC 02 2003 PO BOX 10347
Thus, more than a scintilla of evidence exists in the record that Peggy did
agree to be personally liable on the account and that Peggy did not check the
box to become a joint accountholder. Evidence also exists––by virtue of Wells
Fargo’s rejection of the extra benefits form when it contained only Peggy’s
signature and by its requirement that the cardholder (Gil) complete the extra
benefits form and mail it back––that Peggy was not a joint accountholder but only
an authorized user without the ability to make changes to the account.
Moreover, Wells Fargo’s own records indicated that Peggy was only an
13 authorized user on the account as of December 2007, and Peggy testified that
Wells Fargo had told her that she was not personally liable on the account. The
customer agreement11 that was on file with Wells Fargo and that was admitted
into evidence states, with regard to an additional cardholder, ―If another person
has use of your account and you want to end the person’s privilege, you must
recover and return that person’s credit card, if any.‖ The record contains no
evidence that Gil ever recovered and returned Peggy’s credit card for the
account ending in 9904 or the account ending in 3155.
Considering the evidence favorable to the trial court’s findings of fact that a
reasonable factfinder could and disregarding evidence to the finding unless a
reasonable factfinder could not, we hold that more than a scintilla of evidence
exists supporting the trial court’s findings of fact number 7, 10, 13, and 15. See
Cent. Ready Mix Concrete Co., 228 S.W.3d at 651; City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at
807, 827; Best Bumper Supply, Inc. v. Coterill, No. 08-02-00021-CV, 2004 WL
2067598, at *2, 7 (Tex. App.––El Paso Sept. 15, 2004, no pet.) (mem. op.)
(holding that ample evidence supported the findings of fact and conclusions of
law challenged by appellant because the record revealed that there was no
credible evidence that wife acted improperly with regard to her use of the
American Express account on which she was an authorized user). Because the
11 The customer agreement was dated April 14, 2008. Holloway testified that he did not make an effort to find the agreement that might have existed in 2002 when Gil opened the account.
14 evidence supports these findings, we need not address Wells Fargo’s challenge
to finding of fact number 18 regarding the interest rate. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1
(requiring court of appeals to address only issues necessary to final disposition of
appeal).
In its reply brief, Wells Fargo argues that under Winchek v. Am. Express
Travel Related Servs. Co., 232 S.W.3d 197, 204 (Tex. App.––Houston [1st Dist.]
2007, no pet.), Peggy’s use of the Visa credit card created a contract. Winchek,
however, dealt with the credit card company’s failure to deliver a copy of the
signed cardholder agreement to the cardholder, not the scenario we have before
us in which an authorized user never signed paperwork to become a cardholder
who would be liable on the account. Peggy’s acknowledgement that she used
the account ending in 3155 does not, unlike the reply brief contends, constitute
an indication of liability; her use of the account was as an authorized user who
was not liable. Simply put, the evidence supports the trial court’s conclusion that
Wells Fargo and Peggy Blackburn did not have a contract covering her accounts
ending in 9904 or 3155; Wells Fargo failed to obtain the necessary paperwork to
hold Peggy liable on the accounts. We therefore overrule Wells Fargo’s first
issue.12
12 We likewise overrule the first, second, third, and fifth issues raised in Wells Fargo’s reply brief, which all deal with the findings of fact and conclusions of law.
15 V. PEGGY WAS NOT REQUIRED TO PLEAD ANY VERIFIED DENIALS OR AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES
In its second issue, Wells Fargo argues that Peggy was required to plead
that she lacked the intent to become a joint accountholder as an affirmative
defense.13 Wells Fargo relies on Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 94 in making its
argument. But intent is not specifically listed as an affirmative defense under that
rule. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 94. An affirmative defense does not tend to rebut
factual propositions asserted by a plaintiff, but rather it seeks to establish an
independent reason why the plaintiff should not recover. Gorman v. Life Ins. Co.
of N. Am., 811 S.W.2d 542, 546 (Tex.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 824 (1991).
Here, Peggy does not assert that she executed paperwork making her a
joint accountholder but did not intend to; she asserts that she never completed
any paperwork making her a joint accountholder. Thus, intent is not an
affirmative defense here. Gonzales v. Pan Am. Nat’l Bank, 692 S.W.2d 111, 111
(Tex. App.––Dallas 1985, no writ) (stating that ―[a]ffirmative defenses, as
opposed to a defendant’s denials, are the propositions which a defendant may
13 Wells Fargo’s second issue is set forth as ―Peggy Blackburn waived the defense of alteration of the Form without her authority when she failed to plead it as an affirmative defense under Tex. R. Civ. P. 94.‖ Wells Fargo, however, did not brief an argument related to the defense of alteration; instead, it briefed an argument regarding the defense of lack of intent. We hold that Wells Fargo therefore waived its argument regarding any such failure on Peggy’s part to plead an affirmative defense for alteration of the form. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i); Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 284 (Tex. 1994) (citing the long-standing rule that a point may be waived due to inadequate briefing).
16 assert and interpose to defeat a prima facie case made by the plaintiff‖). Wells
Fargo nonetheless argues that lack of intent is analogous to failure of
consideration, which is listed as an affirmative defense in rule 94, but Wells
Fargo cites no case law to support this argument, and we have located none.
We overrule Wells Fargo’s second issue.
In its third issue, Wells Fargo argues that Peggy waived the defense that
she was not liable for payment of the account by failing to plead that she was not
liable in the capacity in which she was sued. Wells Fargo contends that because
Peggy’s defense was that she was not liable because she was not a joint
accountholder, she should have pleaded the defense that she was not liable in
that capacity. Wells Fargo, however, never specifically pleaded that Peggy was
liable as a joint accountholder. Instead, Wells Fargo’s original petition defines
Peggy as an individual and Gil as individual and defines ―BLACKBURN‖ as
referring to both Peggy and Gil. All causes of action pleaded by Wells Fargo are
asserted against ―BLACKBURN,‖ even though some of the actions referred to––
e.g., that ―BLACKBURN‖ was the basic cardholder on the Account––clearly refer
to only one individual (in the previous example, Gil).
But, to the extent that Wells Fargo’s pleading can be construed to contain
a cause of action against Peggy for joint liability on the account, Peggy included
in her first amended answer two verified denials: she denied execution by
herself or by her authority of any instrument in writing upon which Wells Fargo’s
pleadings were founded, and she denied the account that is the foundation of
17 Wells Fargo’s action. Because Peggy filed these denials, we cannot agree with
Wells Fargo that, somehow, Peggy ―waived the defense that she was not liable
for payment of the account by failing to plead that she was not liable in the
capacity in which she was sued.‖ We overrule Wells Fargo’s third issue. See,
e.g., Tex. R. Civ. P. 93(2); Booher v. Criswell, 531 S.W.2d 844, 844 (Tex. Civ.
App.––Dallas 1975, no writ) (holding that appellant’s verified denial was sufficient
to put appellee on proof of his claim on the account sued upon); White v. Jones,
No. 14-97-00035-CV, 1999 WL 250721, at *4 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
Apr. 29, 1999, no pet.) (not designated for publication) (holding that verified
answer that specifically denied each and every item in sworn account was
sufficient to put plaintiffs to their proof).
VI. ISSUE RAISED SOLELY IN REPLY BRIEF IS WAIVED
In its fourth issue in its reply brief, Wells Fargo argues that the trial court
erred by refusing to admit the parties’ mediated settlement agreement regarding
their divorce. Because this issue was not raised in Wells Fargo’s initial appellate
brief, we hold that it is waived. See Priddy v. Rawson, 282 S.W.3d 588, 597
(Tex. App.––Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, pet. denied) (stating that the Texas Rules
of Appellate Procedure do not allow an appellant to include in a reply brief a new
issue not raised in the appellant’s original brief); see generally Tex. R. App. P.
38.3. We overrule Wells Fargo’s fourth reply issue.
18 VII. CONCLUSION
Having overruled all of Wells Fargo’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
SUE WALKER JUSTICE
PANEL: DAUPHINOT, WALKER, and MCCOY, JJ.
DELIVERED: February 3, 2011