WETHERELL, J.
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (the bank) appeals the order dismissing this foreclosure action in response to its motion to vacate the final judgment, the judicial sale, and the certificates of sale and title. Because dismissal was not requested by the bank or required under the circumstances of this ease, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.
This case started out as a run-of-the-mill foreclosure action. The bank filed a complaint to foreclose the mortgage securing the promissory note executed by Appellees (the borrowers) after the borrowers failed to make the payments required by the note. After languishing for several years, the case proceeded to a non-jury trial and culminated in a final judgment of foreclosure in favor of the bank.1 The judgment was not appealed. The bank purchased the property at the judicial sale and the trial court thereafter issued certificates of sale and title .to the bank.
The case took an unusual turn when, eight months after the certificate of title was issued (and nine months after the final judgment was entered), the bank filed a [412]*412motion pursuant to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.540(b) to vacate the final judgment, the judicial sale, and the certificates of sale and title. The basis for the motion was that the mortgage contained an erroneous legal description that was carried into the final judgment, the notice of sale, and the certificates of sale and title. The motion explained that vacating the final judgment and the subsequent actions “is necessary to allow the [bank] to reform the Mortgage ... and to foreclosure [sic] the Property with the correct legal description.” The motion closed with a generic “wherefore clause” asking the court to enter an order granting the motion “and for such other the [sic] further relief that is appropriate.”
The borrowers did not file a response to the motion and the trial court did not hold a hearing on the motion. The court disposed of the motion in the following order:
ORDER DISMISSING CASE, ORDER ON MOTION TO VACATE JUDICIAL SALE, CERTIFICATE OF SALE, CERTIFICATE OF TITLE, AND FINAL JUDGMENT OF FORECLOSURE
THIS CAUSE came on for consideration of [the bank]’s Motion to Vacate Judicial Sale, Certificate of Sale, Certificate of Title and Final Judgment of Foreclosure. The Court having reviewed the court file and pleadings filed by the [bank], it is
ORDERED AND ADJUDGED
1. The Foreclosure Sale held in this action is hereby vacated.
2. The Certificate of Sale is [sic] in this action is hereby vacated.
3. The Certificate of Title issued and recorded on October 3, 2012 is hereby vacated.
4. That the Final Judgment entered on August 2, 2012 is hereby vacated.
5. This Action is Dismissed, without prejudice.
The bold-italicized portions of the order were handwritten by the trial court. The remainder of the order was the typewritten proposed order submitted by the bank with its motion.
The bank timely filed a motion for rehearing challenging the sua sponte dismissal of the case. The motion explained that the bank “did not seek dismissal of the action” and pointed out that “the Court gave no findings as to why it felt the dismissal of the action was an appropriate remedy.” The trial court summarily denied the motion. This appeal followed.2
The bank argues on appeal that it was denied due process by the trial court’s sua sponte dismissal of the case. We agree. The bank did not request such relief in its motion, and contrary to the dissent’s contention, the generic request for “further relief that is appropriate” in the “wherefore clause” in the bank’s motion did not give the trial court authority to dismiss this action without at least affording the bank notice and an opportunity to be [413]*413heard on the issue. See BAC Home Loans Servicing, Inc. v. Headley, 130 So.3d 703, 706 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) (rejecting “tipsy coachman” argument that judgment for defendants on their counterclaim in a foreclosure action could be affirmed based upon the “wherefore clause” in the counterclaim seeking “such other relief as the court deems just and proper under the circumstance” because that clause did not provide the lender meaningful notice that the defendants were seeking the form of relief ultimately granted by the court); and cf. Liton Lighting v. Platinum Television Grp., Inc., 2 So.3d 366, 367 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008) (“When a trial judge sua sponte dismisses a cause of action on grounds not pleaded, the trial judge denies the parties due process because the claim is being dismissed without notice and an opportunity for the parties and counsel to be heard.”) (internal quotations omitted).
Moreover, on the merits, we conclude that dismissal was not required under the circumstances of this case and, thus, the dismissal of “[tjhis action” ordered by the trial court cannot be justified as “further appropriate relief’ in any event. The dissent’s reliance on Lucas v. Barnett Bank of Lee County, 705 So.2d 115 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998), and Fisher v. Villamil, 62 Fla. 472, 56 So. 559 (1911), in support of the contrary conclusion is misplaced.
Lucas involved an effort to reform the legal description in a foreclosure deed in a separate proceeding after the foreclosure sale. See 705 So.2d at 115. The court held that the deed could not be reformed in this manner because the sale was premised upon the erroneous legal description and other potential bidders may have acted in reliance on that description. Id. at 116. The court explained that the legal description must be corrected before the foreclosure judgment and not in a subsequent separate action. Id. (“If ... the mistaken legal description is not corrected before final judgment of foreclosure, and the mistake is carried into the advertisement for sale and the foreclosure deed, a court cannot reform the mistake in the deed and judgment; rather, the foreclosure process must begin anew.”). The court explained that the proper procedure is to vacate the sale and set aside the foreclosure judgment so as to return the parties to their “original status,” whereupon the bank could then seek to reform the legal description in the mortgage and foreclose based upon the revised legal description. Id. The case said nothing about dismissal of the original foreclosure case being required.
The 1911 Fisher case cited in Lucas for the proposition that “the foreclosure process must begin anew” was likewise a separate, post-sale effort to reform the legal description in a foreclosure deed. See 56 So. at 561. Fisher said nothing about the dismissal of the foreclosure case being required; it simply held that an erroneous legal description in a mortgage cannot be corrected by reforming the deed resulting from the foreclosure sale. Id. There is nothing in Fisher (or Lucas) that precludes the reformation of the mortgage from occurring in the original foreclosure proceeding once the judgment and resulting certificates are set aside. Indeed, that appears to be precisely what happened in Fisher on remand. See Fisher v. Villamil, 65 Fla. 488, 62 So.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
WETHERELL, J.
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (the bank) appeals the order dismissing this foreclosure action in response to its motion to vacate the final judgment, the judicial sale, and the certificates of sale and title. Because dismissal was not requested by the bank or required under the circumstances of this ease, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.
This case started out as a run-of-the-mill foreclosure action. The bank filed a complaint to foreclose the mortgage securing the promissory note executed by Appellees (the borrowers) after the borrowers failed to make the payments required by the note. After languishing for several years, the case proceeded to a non-jury trial and culminated in a final judgment of foreclosure in favor of the bank.1 The judgment was not appealed. The bank purchased the property at the judicial sale and the trial court thereafter issued certificates of sale and title .to the bank.
The case took an unusual turn when, eight months after the certificate of title was issued (and nine months after the final judgment was entered), the bank filed a [412]*412motion pursuant to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.540(b) to vacate the final judgment, the judicial sale, and the certificates of sale and title. The basis for the motion was that the mortgage contained an erroneous legal description that was carried into the final judgment, the notice of sale, and the certificates of sale and title. The motion explained that vacating the final judgment and the subsequent actions “is necessary to allow the [bank] to reform the Mortgage ... and to foreclosure [sic] the Property with the correct legal description.” The motion closed with a generic “wherefore clause” asking the court to enter an order granting the motion “and for such other the [sic] further relief that is appropriate.”
The borrowers did not file a response to the motion and the trial court did not hold a hearing on the motion. The court disposed of the motion in the following order:
ORDER DISMISSING CASE, ORDER ON MOTION TO VACATE JUDICIAL SALE, CERTIFICATE OF SALE, CERTIFICATE OF TITLE, AND FINAL JUDGMENT OF FORECLOSURE
THIS CAUSE came on for consideration of [the bank]’s Motion to Vacate Judicial Sale, Certificate of Sale, Certificate of Title and Final Judgment of Foreclosure. The Court having reviewed the court file and pleadings filed by the [bank], it is
ORDERED AND ADJUDGED
1. The Foreclosure Sale held in this action is hereby vacated.
2. The Certificate of Sale is [sic] in this action is hereby vacated.
3. The Certificate of Title issued and recorded on October 3, 2012 is hereby vacated.
4. That the Final Judgment entered on August 2, 2012 is hereby vacated.
5. This Action is Dismissed, without prejudice.
The bold-italicized portions of the order were handwritten by the trial court. The remainder of the order was the typewritten proposed order submitted by the bank with its motion.
The bank timely filed a motion for rehearing challenging the sua sponte dismissal of the case. The motion explained that the bank “did not seek dismissal of the action” and pointed out that “the Court gave no findings as to why it felt the dismissal of the action was an appropriate remedy.” The trial court summarily denied the motion. This appeal followed.2
The bank argues on appeal that it was denied due process by the trial court’s sua sponte dismissal of the case. We agree. The bank did not request such relief in its motion, and contrary to the dissent’s contention, the generic request for “further relief that is appropriate” in the “wherefore clause” in the bank’s motion did not give the trial court authority to dismiss this action without at least affording the bank notice and an opportunity to be [413]*413heard on the issue. See BAC Home Loans Servicing, Inc. v. Headley, 130 So.3d 703, 706 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) (rejecting “tipsy coachman” argument that judgment for defendants on their counterclaim in a foreclosure action could be affirmed based upon the “wherefore clause” in the counterclaim seeking “such other relief as the court deems just and proper under the circumstance” because that clause did not provide the lender meaningful notice that the defendants were seeking the form of relief ultimately granted by the court); and cf. Liton Lighting v. Platinum Television Grp., Inc., 2 So.3d 366, 367 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008) (“When a trial judge sua sponte dismisses a cause of action on grounds not pleaded, the trial judge denies the parties due process because the claim is being dismissed without notice and an opportunity for the parties and counsel to be heard.”) (internal quotations omitted).
Moreover, on the merits, we conclude that dismissal was not required under the circumstances of this case and, thus, the dismissal of “[tjhis action” ordered by the trial court cannot be justified as “further appropriate relief’ in any event. The dissent’s reliance on Lucas v. Barnett Bank of Lee County, 705 So.2d 115 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998), and Fisher v. Villamil, 62 Fla. 472, 56 So. 559 (1911), in support of the contrary conclusion is misplaced.
Lucas involved an effort to reform the legal description in a foreclosure deed in a separate proceeding after the foreclosure sale. See 705 So.2d at 115. The court held that the deed could not be reformed in this manner because the sale was premised upon the erroneous legal description and other potential bidders may have acted in reliance on that description. Id. at 116. The court explained that the legal description must be corrected before the foreclosure judgment and not in a subsequent separate action. Id. (“If ... the mistaken legal description is not corrected before final judgment of foreclosure, and the mistake is carried into the advertisement for sale and the foreclosure deed, a court cannot reform the mistake in the deed and judgment; rather, the foreclosure process must begin anew.”). The court explained that the proper procedure is to vacate the sale and set aside the foreclosure judgment so as to return the parties to their “original status,” whereupon the bank could then seek to reform the legal description in the mortgage and foreclose based upon the revised legal description. Id. The case said nothing about dismissal of the original foreclosure case being required.
The 1911 Fisher case cited in Lucas for the proposition that “the foreclosure process must begin anew” was likewise a separate, post-sale effort to reform the legal description in a foreclosure deed. See 56 So. at 561. Fisher said nothing about the dismissal of the foreclosure case being required; it simply held that an erroneous legal description in a mortgage cannot be corrected by reforming the deed resulting from the foreclosure sale. Id. There is nothing in Fisher (or Lucas) that precludes the reformation of the mortgage from occurring in the original foreclosure proceeding once the judgment and resulting certificates are set aside. Indeed, that appears to be precisely what happened in Fisher on remand. See Fisher v. Villamil, 65 Fla. 488, 62 So. 481 (1913) (affirming decree entered on remand cancelling the deed and then reforming and foreclosing the mortgage, and rejecting argument that the “amended bill” filed on remand “ma[d]e an entirely new case”).
Here, the bank was not asking the trial court to do what Lucas and Fisher prohibit: reform the legal description in the certificate of title resulting from the foreclosure sale. Instead, the bank was asking [414]*414the court to do precisely what Lucas and Fisher contemplate: vacate the final judgment of foreclosure, the sale, and the certificates of sale and title, so the bank could reform the mortgage. Had the trial court simply granted the relief requested in bank’s motion (without adding the dismissal language to the order), the parties would have been put back into their prejudgment positions, whereupon the bank could have filed a motion to amend the original complaint to include a count to reform the mortgage to correct a legal description and then the case could have proceeded on the amended complaint. The borrowers would not be prejudiced by this procedure because they will have an opportunity to defend against the amended complaint (if they choose to do so3), and this procedure will also avoid the problems outlined by the bank in its brief that would result if it was required to initiate an entirely new case to foreclose the borrowers’ mortgage.
We recognize that the bank brought these problems on itself by including an incorrect legal description in the mortgage. However, once the bank became aware of the error, it acted diligently to undo what had already been done in order to return the case to its pre-judgment posture so that it could reform the mortgage and restart the foreclosure process as contemplated by Lucas and Fisher. There is simply no reason that the bank should be required to initiate an entirely new action to achieve this result when it would have sufficed for the trial court to simply vacate the foreclosure judgment and the resulting certificates (as requested by the bank) and then allow the litigation to proceed in the existing case.
Accordingly, for the reasons stated above, we reverse the portion of the challenged order dismissing “[tjhis action” and we remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
REVERSED and REMANDED for further proceedings.
MAKAR, J., concurs; VAN NORTWICK, J., dissents with opinion.