FRIEDMAN, Judge.
Charles Welcome (Licensee) appeals from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (trial court) sustaining the suspension of his operating privilege imposed by the Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing (DOT) pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547(b)(1) (refusal to submit to chemical testing).1 The trial court determined 2 that for the purpose of section 1547(b)(1), Licensee was “arrested” and thus violated the implied consent law. We disagree and reverse the trial court’s order.
[973]*973Onappeal,3 Licensee asks us to determine whether the trial court erred in concluding that he was “arrested.”4
Here, Pennsylvania State Trooper Erie M. Barrall testified that on the evening of September 6,1993, he was dispatched to investigate an automobile accident at the intersection of Chenney Road and Patricia Lane near Media, Pennsylvania. (R.R. at 6a.) Upon arriving at the scene, Trooper Barrall encountered Licensee, who had driven his car into a telephone pole in an attempt to avoid colliding with another vehicle. (R.R. at 6a.) The car’s occupants, including Licensee and his two children, suffered injuries and were transported to Riddle Memorial Hospital by ambulance. (R.R. at 6a.) Trooper Barrall remained at the scene for over an hour then drove to the hospital.5 (R.R. at 13a.) At the hospital, Trooper Barrall interviewed Licensee regarding the accident, detected a moderate odor of alcohol upon his breath and noticed that Licensee’s eyes were bloodshot and glassy. (R.R. at 8a.) When asked if he had been drinking, Licensee answered that he had a couple of drinks earlier that day. (R.R. at 8a.) Trooper Barrall then told Licensee that he had the right to remain silent, informed Licensee of the implied consent law and requested that he submit to a blood alcohol test. (R.R. at 8a-10a.) Trooper Bar-rail testified that Licensee neither acquiesced nor refused to take the blood test, but only commented that he was concerned about his children and losing his license. (R.R. at 10a, 11a.) The same exchange occurred twice more. (R.R. at 16a.) Finally, Trooper Bar-rall informed Licensee that he could no longer wait for Licensee’s consent due to other duties to which he had to attend. (R.R. at 17a.) Accordingly, Trooper Barrall noted that Licensee refused to submit to a blood alcohol test and then left the hospital without charging Licensee with drunk driving. (R.R. at 17a.)
Licensee, the only other witness to testify, briefly stated that Trooper Barrall never told him that he was under arrest, that he was going to be placed in custody, or that he was not free to leave the hospital. (R.R. at 26a.)
To sustain a license suspension under 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547(b), DOT must establish that the licensee:
(1) was arrested for driving while under the influence of alcohol,
(2) was requested to submit to a chemical test,
(3) refused to submit to such a test, and
(4) was specifically warned that a refusal would result in the revocation of his driver’s license.
Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Jennings, 156 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 219, 627 A.2d 211 (1993). Here, Licensee argues that DOT failed to establish the arrest requirement.
The trial court, resolving all the factual issues in favor of DOT, held that a formal declaration of arrest or act of physical force by Trooper Barrall was unnecessary to satisfy the arrest requirement; all that was necessary was that Licensee be under the custody and control of Trooper Barrall. The trial [974]*974court concluded that such control existed for the following reasons:
It is true in this case that [Licensee] was never told that he was quote, under arrest, close quote, or that he was not free to leave. Frankly, those declarations were unnecessary. The testimony at the previous hearing left no doubt that [Licensee] was not leaving the hospital. He had two young—he had two children with him, one of whom he was driving to college. I believe it was his daughter. She was being treated. There was no doubt—there was no question that he was not leaving the hospital until her treatment was complete.
More importantly, I think, [Licensee] received the Miranda warnings. He was given official warnings, official Miranda warnings. And I think that that case distinguishes [Woods v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety, 116 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 294, 541 A.2d 846 (1988)] and makes the case more—makes it resemble [Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Jones, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 88, 547 A.2d 877 (1988), appeal denied, 522 Pa. 579, 559 A.2d 40 (1989)].
[[Image here]]
Okay. For those reasons then, I determine the arrest issue adverse to [Licensee] and in favor of [DOT]....
(N.T. at 4-6, January 25, 1994.)
We agree with the trial court that a formal declaration of arrest or act of physical force is unnecessary for the purpose of a section 1547(b) “arrest.” Nevertheless, what transpired here is insufficient to constitute such an arrest.6
To constitute an arrest under section 1547(b), the licensee must be under the custody and control of the arresting officer. Glass v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety, 460 Pa. 362, 333 A.2d 768 (1975); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Jones, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 88, 547 A.2d 877 (1988), appeal denied, 522 Pa. 579, 559 A.2d 40 (1989). The issue thus becomes whether, under the totality of the circumstances, the reasonable impression of the licensee should have been that he was subject to the officer’s custody and control at the time he refused the chemical test. Jones.
We cannot agree with the trial court’s conclusion that Licensee should have believed that he was subject to Trooper Bar-rail’s custody and control. Two facts persuaded the trial court here that Licensee was in Trooper Barrall’s custody: (1) Licensee was a worried parent attending to the medical needs of his children and would not leave the hospital until his children were treated; and (2) Licensee was read a Miranda warning. Therefore, to conclude as the trial court did, that Licensee was arrested, we would have to hold that whenever a licensee has been requested to submit to a chemical test, is not likely to leave the premises of the testing facility when left unattended and has been given a Miranda warning, then that licensee has been arrested. We have never held so and we will not do so here.7
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FRIEDMAN, Judge.
Charles Welcome (Licensee) appeals from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (trial court) sustaining the suspension of his operating privilege imposed by the Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing (DOT) pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547(b)(1) (refusal to submit to chemical testing).1 The trial court determined 2 that for the purpose of section 1547(b)(1), Licensee was “arrested” and thus violated the implied consent law. We disagree and reverse the trial court’s order.
[973]*973Onappeal,3 Licensee asks us to determine whether the trial court erred in concluding that he was “arrested.”4
Here, Pennsylvania State Trooper Erie M. Barrall testified that on the evening of September 6,1993, he was dispatched to investigate an automobile accident at the intersection of Chenney Road and Patricia Lane near Media, Pennsylvania. (R.R. at 6a.) Upon arriving at the scene, Trooper Barrall encountered Licensee, who had driven his car into a telephone pole in an attempt to avoid colliding with another vehicle. (R.R. at 6a.) The car’s occupants, including Licensee and his two children, suffered injuries and were transported to Riddle Memorial Hospital by ambulance. (R.R. at 6a.) Trooper Barrall remained at the scene for over an hour then drove to the hospital.5 (R.R. at 13a.) At the hospital, Trooper Barrall interviewed Licensee regarding the accident, detected a moderate odor of alcohol upon his breath and noticed that Licensee’s eyes were bloodshot and glassy. (R.R. at 8a.) When asked if he had been drinking, Licensee answered that he had a couple of drinks earlier that day. (R.R. at 8a.) Trooper Barrall then told Licensee that he had the right to remain silent, informed Licensee of the implied consent law and requested that he submit to a blood alcohol test. (R.R. at 8a-10a.) Trooper Bar-rail testified that Licensee neither acquiesced nor refused to take the blood test, but only commented that he was concerned about his children and losing his license. (R.R. at 10a, 11a.) The same exchange occurred twice more. (R.R. at 16a.) Finally, Trooper Bar-rall informed Licensee that he could no longer wait for Licensee’s consent due to other duties to which he had to attend. (R.R. at 17a.) Accordingly, Trooper Barrall noted that Licensee refused to submit to a blood alcohol test and then left the hospital without charging Licensee with drunk driving. (R.R. at 17a.)
Licensee, the only other witness to testify, briefly stated that Trooper Barrall never told him that he was under arrest, that he was going to be placed in custody, or that he was not free to leave the hospital. (R.R. at 26a.)
To sustain a license suspension under 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547(b), DOT must establish that the licensee:
(1) was arrested for driving while under the influence of alcohol,
(2) was requested to submit to a chemical test,
(3) refused to submit to such a test, and
(4) was specifically warned that a refusal would result in the revocation of his driver’s license.
Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Jennings, 156 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 219, 627 A.2d 211 (1993). Here, Licensee argues that DOT failed to establish the arrest requirement.
The trial court, resolving all the factual issues in favor of DOT, held that a formal declaration of arrest or act of physical force by Trooper Barrall was unnecessary to satisfy the arrest requirement; all that was necessary was that Licensee be under the custody and control of Trooper Barrall. The trial [974]*974court concluded that such control existed for the following reasons:
It is true in this case that [Licensee] was never told that he was quote, under arrest, close quote, or that he was not free to leave. Frankly, those declarations were unnecessary. The testimony at the previous hearing left no doubt that [Licensee] was not leaving the hospital. He had two young—he had two children with him, one of whom he was driving to college. I believe it was his daughter. She was being treated. There was no doubt—there was no question that he was not leaving the hospital until her treatment was complete.
More importantly, I think, [Licensee] received the Miranda warnings. He was given official warnings, official Miranda warnings. And I think that that case distinguishes [Woods v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety, 116 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 294, 541 A.2d 846 (1988)] and makes the case more—makes it resemble [Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Jones, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 88, 547 A.2d 877 (1988), appeal denied, 522 Pa. 579, 559 A.2d 40 (1989)].
[[Image here]]
Okay. For those reasons then, I determine the arrest issue adverse to [Licensee] and in favor of [DOT]....
(N.T. at 4-6, January 25, 1994.)
We agree with the trial court that a formal declaration of arrest or act of physical force is unnecessary for the purpose of a section 1547(b) “arrest.” Nevertheless, what transpired here is insufficient to constitute such an arrest.6
To constitute an arrest under section 1547(b), the licensee must be under the custody and control of the arresting officer. Glass v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety, 460 Pa. 362, 333 A.2d 768 (1975); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Jones, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 88, 547 A.2d 877 (1988), appeal denied, 522 Pa. 579, 559 A.2d 40 (1989). The issue thus becomes whether, under the totality of the circumstances, the reasonable impression of the licensee should have been that he was subject to the officer’s custody and control at the time he refused the chemical test. Jones.
We cannot agree with the trial court’s conclusion that Licensee should have believed that he was subject to Trooper Bar-rail’s custody and control. Two facts persuaded the trial court here that Licensee was in Trooper Barrall’s custody: (1) Licensee was a worried parent attending to the medical needs of his children and would not leave the hospital until his children were treated; and (2) Licensee was read a Miranda warning. Therefore, to conclude as the trial court did, that Licensee was arrested, we would have to hold that whenever a licensee has been requested to submit to a chemical test, is not likely to leave the premises of the testing facility when left unattended and has been given a Miranda warning, then that licensee has been arrested. We have never held so and we will not do so here.7
Moreover, in reviewing the totality of the circumstances, we remain unpersuaded that Licensee was under the custody and control of Trooper Barrall. Trooper Barrall remained at the accident scene for over an hour and did not follow the ambulance to the hospital with the intention of requesting that Licensee submit to a blood alcohol test. (R.R. at 8a.) See Woods. When he arrived at the hospital, Trooper Barrall never restricted Licensee’s freedom within the corridors of the hospital, nor did he indicate to Licensee that he could not leave the hospital or that he was going to be placed under arrest for drunk driving. See Id. The fact that Licensee would not leave until his ehil-[975]*975dren were treated is irrelevant to whether he could have left had he chosen to do so. Trooper Barrall only told Licensee that he had a right to remain silent and that if he refused to submit to a blood alcohol test he would lose his license. (R.R. at 8a, 9a.) In fact, Trooper Barrall ended up leaving the hospital altogether without “formally” arresting or charging Licensee for drunk driving.
Having concluded that Trooper Barrall never communicated, either verbally or through his actions, any message to Licensee that Licensee was in Trooper BarraU’s custody and control, we must reverse the decision of the trial court. See Jones; Woods.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 1st day of September, 1994, the order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, dated January 25, 1994, at Docket No. 3676, is hereby reversed.