Deemeb, J.
About thirty years ago the county seat or seat of justice of Hancock county was located on a block of ground known as the “Court-House Square” block, situated on the southeast one-fourth of the southwest one-fourth of section 31; township 96, range 23 W., of the fifth P. 11.; the said forty acres being known as the “Town Plat of Concord.” A small unincorporated village grew up on this town plat, and ever since the location of the county seat a court house and other county buildings have been maintained upon the court-house square or block. During the whole of the said thirty years the courts have been held at this court house, and all the official business of the county has been transacted at the seat of justice so established. In February, 1898, the citizens of the incorporated town of Britt, also located in said county, attempted to procure a relocation of the county seat at their town. While these citizens were circulating their petition, the inhabitants of the town of Gamer, which is also a municipality duly incorporated and located in Hancock county, but a short distance from the village of Concord, began proceedings to annex that village to their town. .An election was held, and the [342]*342said territory, with all that intervened, was duly annexed to the town of Garner. Between the original limits of the town of Garner and the plat of the village of Concord is a large amount of land, used wholly for agricultural purposes, which has not been platted, and which the petitions allege was in no way needed for municipal purposes, nor for the prospective future growth and development 1 of. the town of Garner. It is further alleged that these annexation proceedings were for the sole .purpose of relocating the county seat at Garner. After the annexation proceedings were concluded, certain citizens of the town of Garner filed with the board of supervisors of the county a proposition offering the county the sum of thirty thousand dollars, to be expended in purchasing a site and erecting a court house in the incorporated town of Garner, as it existed before the annexation proceedings were had. Shortly thereafter the petition for removal to the town of Britt was presented to the board of supervisors, and found insufficient. After this finding was made, the board of supervisors accepted the proposition made by the citizens of Gamer, and decided to1 erect a court house with money procured for that purpose, and to locate the same upon what is known as “Block 12,” in Tal-man’s addition to the town of Garner. This block 12 is not within the limits of the village or town plat of Concord, but it is about one mile north of the same, and within the territory of the incorporated town of Garner, as it existed prior to the annexation proceedings. - The county auditor was authorized to expend four thousand dollars for the site, and a committee was appointed to procure plans and specifications for the new court house. A post office has been maintained by the government at the village of Concord ' during nearly all of the thirty years heretofore mentioned. It is alleged in the injunction proceedings that, unless restrained, the defendants will remove the county seat and all the records of the county to the site so purchased; that [343]*343they will build a court house at the uew site, and thus effectually relocate the county seat.
These facts are not in dispute, and the questions presented for our solution are: Have the defendants, as the board of supervisors of Hancock county, exceeded their jurisdiction, or otherwise acted illegally, and shall they be enjoined from relocating the county seat at a point within the town limits of Gamer, as they existed before the annexation proceedings were begun?
Some of the questions suggested by these records are so well settled as to be beyond the range of controversy. First, there is no doubt that the town of Garner had the right, by proper proceedings, to annex adjacent and outlying territory, and in so doing to include the village of Concord within its limits; second, the board of superyisors had no right to relocate the county seat without following the express provisions of the statute as found in Code, sections 394-409, inclusive; third, the board had no right to purchase real estate for county purposes when the expense exceeded two thousand dollars, nor to order the erection of a court house when the probable cost would exceed five thousand dollars, without submitting the proposition to the legal voters of the county. Code, section 423. Subject to these limitations, it had the right to purchase the necessary real estate jfor the use of the county, -and to remove the site of, or to designate a new site for, any county buildings required to be at the county seat, provided thé site shall not be beyond the limits of the town, village, or city at which the county seat is located. Code, section 422, subd. 9.
I. With these questions settled, we come now to the controlling one in the case, and that is, did the board of supervisors, in making the orders hertofore recited, and purchasing 2 the new site for the court house in the town of Garner, relocate the county seat ? Appellees contend that this was the effect of the proceedings. On the other hand, it is insisted that the board did nothing [344]*344more than remove the site of, or designate a new site for, tbe court bouse, and that the site selected by them was within the limits of what we may call the “Greater Town of Garner,” at which the county seat is located. In solving the questions thus presented, we must first determine what was the county seat of Hancock county at the time the proceedings were had of which complaint is made. The “county seat” is the place properly designated for the doing pf the business of the county; the place at which public buildings are to be erected,' where the courts are held, and the county-offices are located. The term does not necessarily mean the bounty buildings or the land whereon they are situated. In common parlance, it means the town or municipality where the buildings are located and the business transacted. Whallon v. Gridley, 51 Mich. 503 (16 N. W. Rep. 876). It is not necessarily po-extensive with the town where located. State v. Atchinson Co. Com’rs, 44 Kan. 186 (24 Pac. Rep. 87); State v. Smith, 46 Mo. 60; State v. Harwi, 36 Kan. 588 (14 Pac. Rep. 158). In the absence of statute, it seems to he well settled that, when -a city or town, is selected as the county seat, the boundaries of such city or town, as they then exist, become the- boundaries of the county seat, and the subsequent inclusion o-f more territory does not remove the county seat. See authorties last above cited. One of the statutes to which we have referred seems to- authorize a change of site for the court house, provided the place selected is within the limits of the town at which the county seat is located. Now, the county seat of Hancock county was located at Concord, and a. pertinent inquiry is, when, if ever, was it changed to Garner? Appellees say that was done when Garner extended her limits. But is that proposition sound ? True it is that Garner has extended her limits, and has taken in the village of Concord, hut did that act alone change the location of the county seat?' Had Concord incorporated and extended her limits so as to- take in what is now the town of Garner, there would he little doubt of the legality [345]*345of the proceedings. But that was not done. Here Garner extended her limits so as to take in the county seat, and by that act alone she claims to be the county seat.
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Deemeb, J.
About thirty years ago the county seat or seat of justice of Hancock county was located on a block of ground known as the “Court-House Square” block, situated on the southeast one-fourth of the southwest one-fourth of section 31; township 96, range 23 W., of the fifth P. 11.; the said forty acres being known as the “Town Plat of Concord.” A small unincorporated village grew up on this town plat, and ever since the location of the county seat a court house and other county buildings have been maintained upon the court-house square or block. During the whole of the said thirty years the courts have been held at this court house, and all the official business of the county has been transacted at the seat of justice so established. In February, 1898, the citizens of the incorporated town of Britt, also located in said county, attempted to procure a relocation of the county seat at their town. While these citizens were circulating their petition, the inhabitants of the town of Gamer, which is also a municipality duly incorporated and located in Hancock county, but a short distance from the village of Concord, began proceedings to annex that village to their town. .An election was held, and the [342]*342said territory, with all that intervened, was duly annexed to the town of Garner. Between the original limits of the town of Garner and the plat of the village of Concord is a large amount of land, used wholly for agricultural purposes, which has not been platted, and which the petitions allege was in no way needed for municipal purposes, nor for the prospective future growth and development 1 of. the town of Garner. It is further alleged that these annexation proceedings were for the sole .purpose of relocating the county seat at Garner. After the annexation proceedings were concluded, certain citizens of the town of Garner filed with the board of supervisors of the county a proposition offering the county the sum of thirty thousand dollars, to be expended in purchasing a site and erecting a court house in the incorporated town of Garner, as it existed before the annexation proceedings were had. Shortly thereafter the petition for removal to the town of Britt was presented to the board of supervisors, and found insufficient. After this finding was made, the board of supervisors accepted the proposition made by the citizens of Gamer, and decided to1 erect a court house with money procured for that purpose, and to locate the same upon what is known as “Block 12,” in Tal-man’s addition to the town of Garner. This block 12 is not within the limits of the village or town plat of Concord, but it is about one mile north of the same, and within the territory of the incorporated town of Garner, as it existed prior to the annexation proceedings. - The county auditor was authorized to expend four thousand dollars for the site, and a committee was appointed to procure plans and specifications for the new court house. A post office has been maintained by the government at the village of Concord ' during nearly all of the thirty years heretofore mentioned. It is alleged in the injunction proceedings that, unless restrained, the defendants will remove the county seat and all the records of the county to the site so purchased; that [343]*343they will build a court house at the uew site, and thus effectually relocate the county seat.
These facts are not in dispute, and the questions presented for our solution are: Have the defendants, as the board of supervisors of Hancock county, exceeded their jurisdiction, or otherwise acted illegally, and shall they be enjoined from relocating the county seat at a point within the town limits of Gamer, as they existed before the annexation proceedings were begun?
Some of the questions suggested by these records are so well settled as to be beyond the range of controversy. First, there is no doubt that the town of Garner had the right, by proper proceedings, to annex adjacent and outlying territory, and in so doing to include the village of Concord within its limits; second, the board of superyisors had no right to relocate the county seat without following the express provisions of the statute as found in Code, sections 394-409, inclusive; third, the board had no right to purchase real estate for county purposes when the expense exceeded two thousand dollars, nor to order the erection of a court house when the probable cost would exceed five thousand dollars, without submitting the proposition to the legal voters of the county. Code, section 423. Subject to these limitations, it had the right to purchase the necessary real estate jfor the use of the county, -and to remove the site of, or to designate a new site for, any county buildings required to be at the county seat, provided thé site shall not be beyond the limits of the town, village, or city at which the county seat is located. Code, section 422, subd. 9.
I. With these questions settled, we come now to the controlling one in the case, and that is, did the board of supervisors, in making the orders hertofore recited, and purchasing 2 the new site for the court house in the town of Garner, relocate the county seat ? Appellees contend that this was the effect of the proceedings. On the other hand, it is insisted that the board did nothing [344]*344more than remove the site of, or designate a new site for, tbe court bouse, and that the site selected by them was within the limits of what we may call the “Greater Town of Garner,” at which the county seat is located. In solving the questions thus presented, we must first determine what was the county seat of Hancock county at the time the proceedings were had of which complaint is made. The “county seat” is the place properly designated for the doing pf the business of the county; the place at which public buildings are to be erected,' where the courts are held, and the county-offices are located. The term does not necessarily mean the bounty buildings or the land whereon they are situated. In common parlance, it means the town or municipality where the buildings are located and the business transacted. Whallon v. Gridley, 51 Mich. 503 (16 N. W. Rep. 876). It is not necessarily po-extensive with the town where located. State v. Atchinson Co. Com’rs, 44 Kan. 186 (24 Pac. Rep. 87); State v. Smith, 46 Mo. 60; State v. Harwi, 36 Kan. 588 (14 Pac. Rep. 158). In the absence of statute, it seems to he well settled that, when -a city or town, is selected as the county seat, the boundaries of such city or town, as they then exist, become the- boundaries of the county seat, and the subsequent inclusion o-f more territory does not remove the county seat. See authorties last above cited. One of the statutes to which we have referred seems to- authorize a change of site for the court house, provided the place selected is within the limits of the town at which the county seat is located. Now, the county seat of Hancock county was located at Concord, and a. pertinent inquiry is, when, if ever, was it changed to Garner? Appellees say that was done when Garner extended her limits. But is that proposition sound ? True it is that Garner has extended her limits, and has taken in the village of Concord, hut did that act alone change the location of the county seat?' Had Concord incorporated and extended her limits so as to- take in what is now the town of Garner, there would he little doubt of the legality [345]*345of the proceedings. But that was not done. Here Garner extended her limits so as to take in the county seat, and by that act alone she claims to be the county seat. It does not seem to us that the propositions advanced by appellees’ counsel are sound. If they are, then all that is needed to effectuate a relocation of the county seat is for the town that seeks to secure the relocation to extend its boundaries in such a manner as to absorb the seat of justice', andthe actis accomplished. In this manner, county seats could be removed without the vote of the people affected thereby, and the provisions of the law relating to the relocation of eo-unty seats would be wholly ineffectual. There is no doubt that the county seat was located at the village of Concord, and it is doubtless true that that village, as a village, has been absorbed. But the mere absorption of the territory did not remove the seat of the county government. That was just as definitely fixed after the extension of the city limits of Garner as it was before. The platted portion of the villa'ge of Concord is just as easily identified now as it was before the change, and that part of it which constituted the county seat is just as much the county seat now as it was before the inhabitants concluded to become, for municipal purposes, a part of the town of Garner. A “village” is defined to be a town site platted and unincorporated. The question .as to when the county seat was located at the town of Garner has not been satisfactorily answered by appellees’ counsel. Of course1, we will grant that, if Garner ever became the county seat, the board of supervisors had the right to select a new site for the court house, provided they located it withim the limits of the town. But we ask again: When did the legislature or the people of the county determine that Garner was the county seat? When did the people of the county, who alone could determine upon' a. relocation, say that it should be changed from what is known as the “village of Concord” to the incorporated town of Garner? As the electors of the county are the only persons who can relocate the county seat, surely the [346]*346inhabitants of a town adjoining the seat of justice cannot, by proceedings to annex territory contiguous to the town in which they live, relocate the county seat. For county seat purposes, the territorial limits of the village of Concord are as well defined and as distinct now as they ever were, and the electors of the county have never indicated, in any proper manner, that they desired a change.
II. The limitations of section 423 of the Code, with reference to' the amount that may be expended by the board 3 in erecting a court house, or in purchasing a site therefore, have no application to the case before us; for it appears clearly that the money which the defendants proposed to1 expend was donated by the citizens of Garner.
III. Appellees further contend that neither certiorari nor injunction is the proper remedy to correct the evils 4 complained of. We think that certiorari is the proper remedy by which to test the legality of the proceedings of the board of supervisors, and that injunction will lie to restrain the removal of the books and records.
In the first case the action of the board of supervisors in ordering a relocation and change of the county seat is annulled. And in the second case the ruling on the demurrer will be reversed, and the case remanded for proceedings in harmony with this opinion. — ANNulled and Reveesed.