Waterloo Savings Bank v. Austin Ex Rel. Austin

494 N.W.2d 715, 1993 Iowa Sup. LEXIS 17, 1993 WL 8847
CourtSupreme Court of Iowa
DecidedJanuary 20, 1993
Docket91-1981
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 494 N.W.2d 715 (Waterloo Savings Bank v. Austin Ex Rel. Austin) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Iowa primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Waterloo Savings Bank v. Austin Ex Rel. Austin, 494 N.W.2d 715, 1993 Iowa Sup. LEXIS 17, 1993 WL 8847 (iowa 1993).

Opinion

NEUMAN, Justice.

This is an appeal from the judgment entered in a wrongful death action. Plaintiff Waterloo Savings Bank, as administrator for the estates of Todd Gary and Henderson Brown, sued defendant Orlan-der Austin, the driver of a vehicle in which Gary and Brown were passengers when it collided with another vehicle on Interstate 380 north of Cedar Rapids. Both passen *716 gers were killed instantly. The bank also sued the owner of the vehicle, defendant Morrell Austin, as a responsible party under Iowa’s owner consent statute, Iowa Code § 321.493 (1989).

Just prior to trial defendants admitted liability. Thus the case was submitted to the jury on the question of damages only. The jury returned verdicts of just over $40,000 for each estate; $35,000 of each verdict represented the present value of lost income accumulation. These future damages are the source of controversy on appeal.

The district court entered judgment on the jury's verdict with interest at the rate of ten percent from the date the petition was filed. Defendants then moved to modify the judgment in accordance with Iowa Code section 668.13(4), claiming interest on the future damages should run from the date of judgment, not filing. 1 Their supporting brief also claimed that the court should have ordered interest at the rate required by section 668.13(3), 2 not ten percent. The court declined to amend its judgment and this appeal followed.

We transferred the case to the court of appeals. It reversed and remanded for entry of judgment in accordance with section 668.13(4), but it found defendants had failed to preserve error on their claim that the rate of interest was improperly calculated. We granted defendants’ petition for further review and now vacate the decision of the court of appeals, reverse the judgment of the district court, and remand for a corrected judgment.

I. The fighting issue is whether Iowa Code chapter 668, and its interest provisions, have any application to this case at all. Plaintiff has claimed throughout this litigation that because only the defendant driver’s fault was ever placed in issue, and the defendants ultimately conceded liability, this case falls outside the scope of chapter 668. Defendants respond by arguing that plaintiff’s petition alleged negligent acts resulting in personal injury and, therefore, the comparative fault act must apply. Both sides point to seemingly opposite lines of authority to support their respective positions.

Plaintiff relies heavily on Johnson v. Junkmann, 395 N.W.2d 862 (Iowa 1986). The case involved a three-car collision, with a plaintiff who was neither alleged nor found to be at fault, and two defendants found three percent and ninety-seven percent at fault, respectively. In order to circumvent the joint and several liability limitations of our then-quite-new comparative fault law, the plaintiff in Johnson argued that cases involving blameless plaintiffs like herself should be governed by common law, not comparative fault, principles. Id. at 866. We rejected her premise, observing that applicability of the statute did not hinge on allegations or findings regarding a plaintiff’s contributory fault. Id. at 867. But we went on to decide that the act’s joint and several liability rules were triggered only by “a claim involving the fault of more than one party to the claim.” Id. (quoting Iowa Code § 668.-3(2)). We then fashioned the following rule: “If a claim involves the fault of more than one party, the statute applies. If not, the statute is not applicable.” Id. Because the fault of two defendants was alleged, we held the comparative fault act was fully applicable to Johnson’s suit. Id. at 868.

Our holding in Johnson begged the question whether a case involving a blameless plaintiff and one negligent tortfeasor would meet the “fault of more than one party” test. We hinted at the answer in Vasquez v. LeMars Mutual Insurance Co., 477 N.W.2d 404 (Iowa 1991). There, as in *717 the case before us, the question was whether the interest on future damages provision of chapter 668 applied. We cited Johnson and section 668.3(2) for the rule that “[cjhapter 668 is triggered by any ‘claim involving the fault of more than one party.’ ” Id. at 409. But because the issue was raised in the context of a coverage dispute between an insurer and its insured, we held that the claim was contractual in nature and thus beyond the scope of chapter 668. Id. at 409. We nevertheless observed that because only one litigant’s fault was at issue (the insured’s), chapter 668 had not been triggered. Id. at 410.

Although the sweeping language of Johnson and Vasquez might suggest otherwise, we do not believe the legislature intended to restrict chapter 668’s scope to only those controversies in which multiparty fault is alleged or proven. The statute upon which Johnson and Vasquez focuses — section 668.3(2) — does not define the .actions which are governed by the chapter. Rather, section 668.3(2) narrowly applies to a court’s duty to instruct the jury when the fault of more than one party is at issue. 3 When only one party’s fault is at issue, the instructions called for in that section become unnecessary. That is not to say, however, that the parties are free to ignore chapter 668 altogether.

By its terms, the purpose of the comparative fault act is to establish “comparative fault as the basis for liability in relation to claims for damages arising from injury to or death of a person or harm to property_” 1984 Iowa Acts ch. 1293. This broad prescription applies where the fault which is placed in issue, or may be placed in issue, is that defined by section 668.1. “Fault” is therein defined as “one or more acts ... in any measure negligent or reckless toward the person or property of the actor or others.... ” Iowa Code § 668.1 (emphasis added). See Cowan v. Flannery, 461 N.W.2d 155, 157 (Iowa 1990) (negligence claim for damages resulting from injury to person “now brought under the provisions of chapter 668 of the Iowa Code; liability in tort — comparative fault”).

Because plaintiff’s claim was for damages arising from the death of its decedents, the applicable provisions of chapter 668 were implicated. Among those applicable provisions is section 668.13 relating to the payment of interest on future damages. Section 668.13(4) permits such interest to accrue only from the date of judgment.

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494 N.W.2d 715, 1993 Iowa Sup. LEXIS 17, 1993 WL 8847, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/waterloo-savings-bank-v-austin-ex-rel-austin-iowa-1993.