Washington v. United States

93 Fed. Cl. 706, 2010 U.S. Claims LEXIS 543, 2010 WL 2990185
CourtUnited States Court of Federal Claims
DecidedJuly 30, 2010
DocketNo. 10-334C
StatusPublished
Cited by18 cases

This text of 93 Fed. Cl. 706 (Washington v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Federal Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

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Washington v. United States, 93 Fed. Cl. 706, 2010 U.S. Claims LEXIS 543, 2010 WL 2990185 (uscfc 2010).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

LETTOW, Judge.

Plaintiff, James A. Washington, has filed a complaint seeking damages for actions taken by the U.S. A’my during and after his work as a civilian with that organization. Pending before the court is Mr. Washington’s motion for court assistance in obtaining legal counsel. The government has not responded to Mr. Washington’s motion.1

ANALYSIS

In the past, doubt existed whether this court possessed the ability to cause counsel to be appointed for an indigent plaintiff. The answer to this question turned and still turns on the applicability to this court of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1), which provides that “[t]he court may request an attorney to represent any person unable to afford counsel.” In addressing this issue twenty-two years ago, the Federal Circuit in Lariscey v. United States, 861 F.2d 1267 (Fed.Cir.1988), commented that:

The Claims Court held that it had neither the authority to appoint counsel ... nor any procedure by which to do so. The Claims Court is not a ‘court of the United States’ in terms of 28 U.S.C. § 1915. It was, however, formed to continue a function previously part of an Adíele III court. Because of this unique provenance, and the importance of the question, we do not today decide whether the Claims Court has the power to appoint counsel under any circumstance.

Id. at 1271. However, this previously existing doubt should have been removed by a statutory clarification adopted eighteen years ago specifying that this court is empowered to apply Section 1915, including Subsection (e) relating to appointment of counsel. See Court of Federal Claims Technical and Procedural Improvements Act of 1992, Pub.L. [708]*708No. 102-572, § 909, 106 Stat. 4506, 4519 (codified as amended at 28 U.S.C. § 2503(d)) (“[F]or the purpose of construing sections 1821, 1915, 1920, and 1927 of this title, the United States Court of Federal Claims shall be deemed to be a court of the United States.”).

Nonetheless, an unpublished, and thus non-precedential, Federal Circuit decision in 2001 continued to call into question this court’s ability to apply Section 1915. See Kimble v. United States, 25 Fed.Appx. 926, 929 (Fed.Cir.2001) (stating that the Court of Federal Claims lacks the statutory authority to appoint counsel under Section 1915). More recently, this court has pointed to the Kimble decision, the confusion that it has created, and the desirability of the Federal Circuit to speak more cogently on the matter. See Heuss v. United States, 75 Fed.Cl. 636, 637 (2007) (“Although not citable as precedent, see Fed. Cir. R. 32.1, the court notes the statement in Kimble that, because the statute granting courts discretion to appoint counsel only applies to Article III courts, ‘the Court of Federal Claims has no statutory authority to appoint counsel’ because it is an Article I court.”) (citing Kim-ble, 25 Fed.Appx. at 929). Manifestly, the commentary in Kimble did not take into account the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 2503(d), and, given those provisions, the statement of the court of appeals in Kimble is incorrect. However, the court of appeals has not yet had an opportunity to recalibrate its position in light of currently existing statutory law.

Notwithstanding Kimble, this court has interpreted the 1992 Act as an explicit congressional authorization for the Court of Federal Claims to apply all applicable provisions of Section 1915:

[T]he statutory ‘conundrum’ created by Congress in 1982 when it removed the Court of Claims from the list of ‘courts of the United States’ recognized under 28 U.S.C. § 451 without providing for the newly created Claims Court to assume that authority in regard to statutes such as 28 U.S.C. § 1915 has been resolved by act of Congress, see 28 U.S.C. § 2503(d). This court has the authority under 28 U.S.C. § 2503(d) to exercise the functions defined in 28 U.S.C. § 1915.

Hayes v. United States, 71 Fed.Cl. 366, 368 (2006) (internal citation omitted).

In short, this court has the ability to cause the appointment of counsel in civil cases. However, that power should only be exercised in extreme circumstances. The Supreme Court has indicated that an appointment of counsel in civil cases may be appropriate when quasi-criminal penalties or severe civil remedies are at stake, such as those in a civil commitment proceeding or when an indigent risks losing his or her child in a custody case. See, e.g., Lassiter v. Department of Soc. Servs., 452 U.S. 18, 30-32, 101 S.Ct. 2153, 68 L.Ed.2d 640 (1981) (child custody); Vitek v. Jones, 445 U.S. 480, 496-97, 100 S.Ct. 1254, 63 L.Ed.2d 552 (1980) (plurality) (civil commitment); see also Lariscey, 861 F.2d at 1270 (“In civil proceedings, however, the right to counsel is highly circumscribed, and has been authorized in exceedingly restricted circumstances. For example, the Supreme Court has held that procedural due process may require appointment of counsel for indigent parents in child custody termination proceedings.”) (referring to Lassiter, 452 U.S. 18, 101 S.Ct. 2153). In Lariscey, the Federal Circuit similarly noted that the Supreme Court in Lassiter drew upon the earlier ruling in Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335, 96 S.Ct. 893, 47 L.Ed.2d 18 (1976), to guide the determination of whether extraordinary circumstances existed. Lariscey, 861 F.2d at 1270 (“The Las-siter court held that the determination requires evaluation of the three elements set in Mathews v. Eldridge for deciding what due process requires, ‘viz., the private interests at stake, the government’s interest, and the risk that the procedures used will lead to erroneous decisions.’ ” (quoting Lassiter, 452 U.S. at 27, 31, 101 S.Ct. 2153)) (internal citation omitted); see also Lassiter, 452 U.S. at 31, 101 S.Ct. 2153 (“The dispositive question ... is whether the three Eldndge

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Bluebook (online)
93 Fed. Cl. 706, 2010 U.S. Claims LEXIS 543, 2010 WL 2990185, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/washington-v-united-states-uscfc-2010.