2014 IL App (3d) 130087
Opinion filed April 29, 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
A.D., 2014
WARREN COUNTY SOIL AND WATER ) Appeal from the Circuit Court CONSERVATION DISTRICT, ) of the 9th Judicial Circuit, ) Warren County, Illinois. Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) v. ) Appeal No. 3-13-0087 ) Circuit No. 09-L-13 STEVE WALTERS, individually, STEVE ) WALTERS LOGGING & EXPORT, INC., and ) ROBERT O’DELL d/b/a ROBERT O’DELL ) LOGGING, ) The Honorable ) Dwayne Morrison, Defendants-Appellants. ) Judge, presiding. _____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE WRIGHT delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justice Carter concurred in the judgment and opinion. Justice Holdridge dissented, with opinion. _____________________________________________________________________________
OPINION
¶1 On June 22, 2011, the trial court entered a default judgment against defendants, Steve
Walters, Steve Walters Logging and Export, Inc., and Robert O’Dell, d/b/a Robert O’Dell
Logging, for the alleged wrongful cutting of timber belonging to plaintiff, Warren County Soil
and Water Conservation District. At the time of the 2011 default judgment, defendants were
represented by counsel who failed to appear on their behalf. The trial court denied defendants’
subsequent petition to vacate the default judgment, filed by new counsel pursuant to section 2- 1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (the Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2012)), after finding
defendants had not demonstrated due diligence in the original action due to the negligence of
defendants’ original trial counsel. On appeal, defendants assert the trial court should have
exercised the equitable powers of the court, in the interests of justice, rather than attribute the
lack of diligence of their original attorney to these defendants, contrary to well-established case
law. We affirm.
¶2 BACKGROUND
¶3 On October 29, 2009, plaintiff Warren County Soil and Water Conservation District filed
a five-count complaint against defendants contending defendants wrongfully removed
approximately 54 trees, worth $17,229.95, from plaintiff’s property. In the respective counts,
plaintiff asserted defendants: (1) violated the Wrongful Tree Cutting Act (740 ILCS 185/0.01 et
seq. (West 2008)) warranting treble damages (740 ILCS 185/2 (West 2008)); (2) committed
trespass upon plaintiff’s property; (3) committed an act of conversion by withholding plaintiff’s
property; (4) owed plaintiff $17,229.95 based on the theory of quantum meruit; and (5) acted
negligently by cutting trees on plaintiff’s property without plaintiff’s permission.
¶4 Before the filing of this complaint, Jeffrey Walters, Iowa counsel for Steve Walters
Logging, Inc., attempted to settle the matter. When he was unsuccessful, Jeffrey located attorney
Christopher Tichenor to represent defendants in the pending litigation. The record indicates
defendants retained Tichenor in November 2010. Thereafter, on January 7, 2011, Tichenor filed
a written appearance on behalf of all defendants.
¶5 However, Tichenor did not file an answer to the complaint or appear for the case
management conference scheduled for April 18, 2011. On that date, the court entered an order
2 instructing defendants to file an answer to the complaint by May 3, 2011. Tichenor did not file
an answer on May 3, 2011, or thereafter, as ordered.
¶6 On May 16, 2011, plaintiff filed a motion for default judgment. Plaintiff provided
Tichenor with a copy of the motion along with notice of the scheduled hearing on plaintiff’s
motion for default judgment set for June 22, 2011. Tichenor did not respond to the motion for
default judgment within the next 30 days. Further, neither Tichenor nor his clients appeared
before the court on June 22, 2011.
¶7 On June 22, 2011, the court granted plaintiff’s motion for default judgment by allowing
treble damages in the amount of $51,689.85 for count I, and $17,229.95 each for counts II
through V. 1 On June 23, 2011, plaintiff’s counsel sent a copy of the order of default judgment to
Tichenor, by mail, addressed to his law office at 327 East Jackson Street, Macomb, Illinois.
¶8 One month later, on July 22, 2011, Tichenor filed a motion to set aside the default
judgment pursuant to section 2-1301(e) of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-1301(e) (West 2008)), but
did not request a hearing date with respect to this motion. On September 19, 2011, plaintiff’s
counsel scheduled Tichenor’s motion to set aside the default judgment for a hearing before the
court on October 24, 2011, one week after a scheduled case management conference set for
October 17, 2011. Plaintiff’s counsel sent notice of the motion hearing to Tichenor by mail.
¶9 On October 17, 2011, Tichenor failed to appear for a scheduled case management
conference. The next week, Tichenor failed to appear before the court, on October 24, 2011, for
1 A docket entry for this day indicated “Defendant Walters and O’Dell present by Atty.
Tichenor” but the court’s order stated “Defendants *** do not appear” and did not otherwise
indicate an attorney appeared on their behalf.
3 the hearing on his motion to set aside the default judgment. On that date, the court denied
defendants’ motion to set aside the default judgment and entered a written order with findings on
October 31, 2011.
¶ 10 The court’s October 31, 2011, order found defendants failed to appear in person or by
counsel at the October 17, 2011, case management conference, despite “being sent appropriate
notice of said case management conference.” The court also stated defendants failed to schedule
their own motion to set aside the default judgment for a hearing and failed to appear at the
hearing on defendants’ motion to set aside the default judgment scheduled by plaintiff.
¶ 11 Plaintiff’s attorney filed a “Citation to Discover Assets,” on August 22, 2012. On
August 29, 2012, the court entered a written order sua sponte removing Tichenor as defendants’
attorney. The court’s order, dated August 29, 2012, states “the Illinois Attorney Registration and
Disciplinary Commission [(ARDC)] website indicate[d] that Christopher L. Tichenor [was] not
authorized to practice law” on that date. 2
¶ 12 The court’s August 29, 2012, order also documented that Tichenor had not appeared on
defendants’ behalf for approximately one year, although he continued to be served with notices
of the hearings in this action during that time. The court’s order directed defendants to “retain
other counsel or file with the clerk of the court, within 21 days after order herein, a
“supplementary appearance” so that they could receive notices and “other papers” about the case.
2 During oral argument, based on queries from the court regarding the status of
Tichenor’s law license in 2011, attorney Sokn recognized the ARDC website does not show
Tichenor was disbarred, but indicates his license was not renewed for 2012.
4 According to the record, the court sent a notice of this order to each individual defendant,
including Steve Walters and Roger O’Dell.
¶ 13 On October 24, 2012, attorney Christopher Sokn, newly retained counsel representing all
defendants, appeared on behalf of defendants by filing a petition for relief from judgment,
pursuant to section 2-1401 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2012)). Section IV of
defendants’ section 2-1401 petition alleged defendants were not responsible for the negligence of
counsel and stated:
“Tichenor totally failed in his sworn duties – he took a $2,000 retainer, did essentially no
legitimate work, failed to notify his clients of any of the proceedings, disappeared
with the retainer money, and was disbarred. When plaintiff called up the default
judgment, it did so with full knowledge that Tichenor had disappeared, yet did not
notify Petitioners or their Iowa counsel (despite Plaintiff having corresponded and
negotiated with Petitioner's Iowa counsel for months prior).”
Defense counsel supported the section 2-1401 petition with affidavits from Steve Walters,
Jeffrey Walters, and Roger O’Dell.
¶ 14 The affidavit of Steve Walters averred that, after defendants retained Tichenor, it was
“[u]nbeknownst” to Steve that Tichenor failed to answer the complaint and failed to schedule or
attend the hearing on his own motion to vacate the default judgment as arranged by plaintiff’s
counsel. Steve further averred he did not know of the default judgment until he received the
August 29, 2012, order from the court removing Tichenor as their attorney of record. He also
stated he had “since learned from the Illinois Supreme Court that Christopher Tichenor was
disbarred and ha[d] no malpractice insurance coverage.” An additional affidavit from Roger
O’Dell contained similar statements regarding Tichenor’s inaction and compromised law license.
5 ¶ 15 The affidavit submitted by Jeffrey Walters also contained similar statements regarding
Tichenor’s inaction on defendants’ case. Jeffrey averred he had “since learned from the Illinois
Supreme Court that Christopher Tichenor ha[d] no law license and ha[d] no malpractice
insurance coverage.”
¶ 16 On January 10, 2013, plaintiff filed a response to defendants’ section 2-1401 petition. In
the response, plaintiff first asserted the general propositions of law that a litigant is bound by the
mistakes of his counsel, a party has a duty to follow the progress of his own case, and a section
2-1401 petition cannot be used to relieve a party of his counsel’s negligence. Plaintiff also
argued the supreme court case of People v. Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d 1 (2007), which held that relief
pursuant to section 2-1401 was no longer purely discretionary. Third, plaintiff asserted the case
of R.M. Lucas Co. v. Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co., 2011 IL App (1st) 102955, controlled in the
case at bar as it also involved an instance where the appellate court affirmed the trial court’s
denial of a section 2-1401 petition challenging the dismissal of the party’s complaint due to the
negligence of that party’s attorney. Defendants did not file a written response to this filing.
¶ 17 The parties appeared before the court on January 15, 2013, to argue defendants’ section
2-1401 petition. Neither party presented evidence to the court. The court took the matter under
advisement.
¶ 18 On January 22, 2013, the court issued a written order denying defendants’ section 2-1401
petition to vacate the default judgment. The court found defendants established the existence of
a meritorious defense and similarly established new counsel exercised due diligence after the
entry of the default judgment by filing the section 2-1401 petition “well within the two year
limit.” However, the court found defendants did not demonstrate the necessary due diligence
6 with respect to the presentation of the meritorious defense before the entry of the default
judgment.
¶ 19 In a detailed and thoughtfully written order discussing recent case law, the court stated it
“believe[d] that [it was] bound by the Lucas decision” since the facts of that case “could not be
more similar” to the facts in the case at bar. The court also stated if it “had the ability to use
discretion as was the law before Vincent and Lucas it clearly would have followed the [Cavalry
Portfolio Services v.] Rocha[, 2012 IL App (1st) 111690,] rationale and lessened the due
diligence standard and granted the defendants’ petition in the interest of justice.” However,
based on Vincent and Lucas, the court concluded, defendants had not demonstrated they were
duly diligent prior to the entry of the default judgment.
¶ 20 Defendants appeal.
¶ 21 ANALYSIS
¶ 22 On appeal, defendants argue the trial court erroneously denied their section 2-1401
petition by refusing to relax the requirement of due diligence set out in existing case law in order
to do justice based on equitable principles. Defendants assert this court should evaluate the trial
court’s ruling by applying an abuse of discretion standard.
¶ 23 In response, plaintiff contends a de novo standard of review applies in this case since the
trial court decided the section 2-1401 petition, as requested, without an evidentiary hearing and
based on the pleadings. Plaintiff asserts the trial court’s ruling was correct as a matter of law.
¶ 24 In this case, defendants’ section 2-1401 petition alleged they had a meritorious defense to
the default judgment and it was unjust to allow the judgment to stand. It is well established that
when a party claims to have an unlitigated, but meritorious, defense which would have prevented
the entry of a judgment on the merits, the trial court must consider three issues before allowing a
7 request to set aside the judgment. Specifically, the section 2-1401 petitioner must show: (1) the
existence of a meritorious defense or claim; (2) due diligence in presenting the defense or claim
to the trial court in the original action; and (3) due diligence in the filing of the section 2-1401
petition to vacate the judgment. Smith v. Airoom, Inc., 114 Ill. 2d 209, 220-21 (1986).
¶ 25 Our supreme court clarified that the appropriate standard of review to be applied
concerning a trial court’s ruling on the merits of a section 2-1401 petition, based only of the face
of the petition and attached affidavits, is de novo. Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d at 18. The court
recognized this holding departed from other decisions that relied on an erroneous belief that
every request to vacate a judgment must be founded on the equitable power of the court to do
justice. Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d at 15.
¶ 26 The court also clarified that the enactment of section 2-1401 of the Code created a
specific statutory mechanism with five potential approaches to be employed by the court.
Specifically, the trial court may: dismiss the petition; grant or deny the petition on the pleadings
alone; or grant or deny the petition after conducting a hearing during which factual disputes are
resolved. Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d at 9. Here, the trial court decided the section 2-1401 petition
without an evidentiary hearing and based solely on the pleadings. Consequently, contrary to
defendants’ position on appeal, we must review the trial court’s decision based on the pleadings
by applying a de novo standard of review. Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d at 18.
¶ 27 We begin our de novo review by considering the undisputed procedural history of this
case contained in the pleadings. Plaintiff filed the lawsuit on October 29, 2009. Defendants
retained attorney Tichenor in November of 2010. Tichenor entered his written appearance for
defendants on January 7, 2011, but did not file an answer or appear for any scheduled court
proceedings, and the court entered a default judgment against defendants on June 22, 2011.
8 Tichenor filed a section 2-1301(e) motion to set aside the default judgment on July, 22, 2011, but
similarly did not appear for the scheduled hearing on that motion on October 24, 2011.
Consequently, the trial court allowed the default judgment to stand after denying Tichenor’s
section 2-1301(e) motion to set aside the default judgment on October 24, 2011. Tichenor took
no action thereafter and one week later, the court issued a written decision formally denying
Tichenor’s motion to set aside the default judgment, based on section 2-1301(e), on October 31,
2011, due to his failure to appear.
¶ 28 It is also undisputed that defendants made no attempts to contact Tichenor with respect
to the progress of their case after he entered his appearance on January 7, 2011. In fact,
defendants discovered the existence of this default judgment, entered on June 22, 2011, for the
first time when the court alerted defendants of the inaction of their retained counsel by removing
Tichenor as their counsel of record on August 29, 2012, and notified defendants of the court’s
action.
¶ 29 At the onset, it must be emphasized that a section 2-1401 petition provides a unique
remedy that does not operate “to shield a litigant from the consequences of his own mistakes or
his counsel’s negligence.” (Emphasis added.) Shapira v. Lutheran General Hospital, 199 Ill.
App. 3d 479, 483 (1990). Based on our de novo review of the pleadings in the case at bar, the
section 2-1401 relief demonstrates that Tichenor not only abandoned his clients, but similarly his
clients abandoned their own interest in the lawsuit and did not fulfill their duty to monitor the
quality of Tichenor’s legal representation from January 7, 2011, until August 29, 2012.
¶ 30 Contrary to the dissent, we do not intend to implicitly acknowledge a trial court may
exercise equitable powers with respect to a section 2-1401 petition decided after Vincent. First,
the Vincent court stated, “[w]hen the legislature abolished the writs in favor of today’s statutory
9 remedy, it became inaccurate to continue to view the relief in strictly equitable terms. Moreover,
this court’s application of civil practice rules and precedent factored out any notions about a trial
court’s ‘discretion’ to do justice.” Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d at 16.
¶ 31 Next, we recognize other reviewing courts have decided equitable relief may remain an
option for the trial court under special circumstances alleged in the context of a section 2-1401
petition decided after Vincent. However, assuming arguendo, that Vincent did not extinguish all
equitable relief available to a section 2-1401 petition, we conclude the requested equitable relief
is not warranted for these petitions because the case law provides that the party requesting the
court to do justice must be free of contributory neglect and come forward with clean hands. See
Ameritech Publishing of Illinois, Inc. v. Hadyeh, 362 Ill. App. 3d 56, 61 (2005) (court reversed
trial court’s grant of defendant’s section 2-1401 petition for relief from judgment where
defendant did not exercise diligence in following the progress of his own case and did not
otherwise present extraordinary circumstances, such as the lack of cooperation between several
attorneys, the death of the person required to answer interrogatories, or reliance on his insurance
company, to support granting his section 2-1401 petition). In this case, defendants could not
demonstrate their own personal due diligence and do not allege they were prevented from
checking on Tichenor’s progress by circumstances beyond their control. Thus, we conclude that
since the pleadings reveal neither defendants nor Tichenor exercised due diligence in this case,
defendants did not find themselves in a position to justify equitable or statutory relief. However,
for purposes of this appeal, we express no opinion whether a trial court may utilize the equitable
powers of the court with respect to a section 2-1401 petition in another case.
¶ 32 Plaintiff relies on the decision in Lucas, 2011 IL App (1st) 102955, which we consider, to
provide a persuasive rationale supporting plaintiff’s position on appeal that equity has no
10 application in the case at bar. In Lucas, the court dismissed plaintiffs’ complaint with prejudice
on October 5, 2009, as a drastic sanction for the discovery violations attributable to the
negligence of counsel alone. On November 9, 2009, counsel for plaintiffs filed a motion
requesting the court to excuse his neglect and extend the date of discovery compliance to
November 20, 2009, due to a medical emergency concerning plaintiffs’ counsel’s daughter. As
in the case at bar, in Lucas, plaintiffs’ counsel attempted to remedy the drastic action taken by
the trial court against his clients. However, this remedy did not become available because, once
again, the attorney in Lucas missed the court date to argue his motion on November 20, 2009.
¶ 33 Thereafter, newly retained counsel in Lucas filed a section 2-1401 petition hoping the
trial court would forgive the negligence of prior counsel. The pleadings in Lucas reveal
plaintiffs made repeated, but unsuccessful, attempts to personally contact their attorney from
mid-October 2009 (shortly after the date of dismissal) to late-February 2010. Finally, in
February 2010, plaintiffs asked another attorney to check the court file and discovered the court
dismissed the complaint due to counsel’s neglect of the discovery deadline four months earlier.
Ultimately, like the case at bar, the court in Lucas heard oral arguments on the section 2-1401
petition and response and denied plaintiffs’ section 2-1401 petition based on the pleadings
determining that, after Vincent, it could no longer relax the due diligence requirement when the
petitioner’s previous “counsel ha[d] engaged in unanticipated and inexplicable misconduct.”
Lucas, 2011 IL App (1st) 102955, at ¶ 24.
¶ 34 The facts in the case at bar are similar to, but even more extreme than, those present in
Lucas with respect to the conduct of counsel’s clients in the trial court. Here, defendants did not
discover the negligence of Tichenor for nearly 14 months after the trial court entered a default
judgment against them. Moreover, defendants, unlike the plaintiffs in Lucas, did not personally
11 attempt to contact Tichenor at any point in time after Tichenor entered his appearance and
completely failed to discover the negligence of Tichenor at all. Instead, the court itself alerted
defendants of Tichenor’s deficient performance by removing him from the case more than 19
months after he entered his appearance on January 7, 2011.
¶ 35 Based on the undisputed time line set out in pleadings here, it is clear defendants’ own
inaction or lack of diligence, with respect to discovering the ongoing and repeated inaction of
their original retained counsel, contributed to the failure to present a meritorious defense, which
defendants were well aware of, to the trial court. We are not unsympathetic to the allegations
that Tichenor’s father-in-law may have died. However, at a minimum, had defendants acted
with greater diligence and ensured Tichenor appeared for the hearing on his timely section 2-
1301(e) motion to set aside the default judgment resulting from the death of his father-in-law, the
trial court could have corrected the purported injustice shortly after the entry of the default
judgment. However, Tichenor did not schedule his motion for hearing and failed to appear once
the matter was scheduled by plaintiffs to be presented to the court on October 24, 2011. Even
after Tichenor failed to appear on October 24, 2011, defendants did not discover this omission
for another lengthy period of time.
¶ 36 Under these circumstances, we recognize the case law provides that a party will be held
accountable for the negligence or mistakes of its counsel even when counsel’s neglect remains
unbeknownst to the clients who retained him for a significant period of time. See Lucas, 2011 IL
App (1st) 102955. This same result is in order in the case now before us.
¶ 37 The case law provides that a party must follow the progress of its own case, rather than
“merely assume that his counsel is doing everything which is necessary and proper in the
conduct thereof.” Sakun v. Taffer, 268 Ill. App. 3d 343, 353 (1994); see also Kaput v. Hoey, 124
12 Ill. 2d 370, 383 (1988). Clearly, it was not the trial court’s obligation to monitor Tichenor’s
failure to protect his clients’ best interests. In this case, for obvious reasons, the court elected,
sua sponte, to remove Tichenor from the case after more than a year of neglect because
defendants did not touch base with Tichenor and remained unaware of his inaction for more than
a year.
¶ 38 We are not persuaded by the case law relied on by defendants in support of the contention
that equitable principles demand justice, based on these facts, and the relaxation of a showing of
defendants’ due diligence is in order. Here, the trial court noted Tichenor had not appeared on
defendants’ behalf for approximately one year, although he continued to be served with notices
of the hearings. Thus, Tichenor did not simply fail to calendar a single hearing, which occurred
in Rocha, 2012 IL App (1st) 111690, cited by plaintiffs.
¶ 39 Based on our de novo review of the unique, but undisputed, facts contained in the
pleadings with respect to the conduct of the defendants, we conclude defendants did not
personally exercise due diligence to discover the long-standing negligence of their retained
counsel and his repeated failure to present the known meritorious defense to the complaint for
the trial court’s consideration. This is not to say section 2-1401 relief would not be available had
the pleadings demonstrated either Tichenor or counsel for plaintiffs acted fraudulently. While
the section 2-1401 petition implied that counsel for plaintiff acted improperly by failing to alert
defendants concerning Tichenor’s extreme neglect, the trial court rejected this contention. In
fact, the trial court concluded plaintiff’s counsel acted properly in the trial court and could not
have ethically reached out to defendants since they had retained counsel of record. Our review
of the record reveals no improper conduct on the part of plaintiff or its attorney.
13 ¶ 40 Secondly, defendants’ section 2-1401 petition alleges, but does not demonstrate,
Tichenor was disbarred or actually engaged in the unauthorized practice of law with respect to
his clients. See In re Marriage of Roepenack, 2012 IL App (3d) 110198 (this court affirmed the
grant of a section 2-1401 petition to vacate an agreed order where the agreement was procured
by fraud and unconscionable conduct towards the pro se opponent and the court); see also
People v. Dunson, 316 Ill. App. 3d 760 (2000) (the court vacated defendant’s convictions as void
and granted a new trial where the case was tried by an unlicensed assistant State’s Attorney).
Had defendants shown Tichenor was either disbarred or engaged in the unauthorized practice of
law at the time the court entered the default judgment, the instant result may be different.
¶ 41 In short, based on the allegations contained in this section 2-1401 petition, focusing on
the undiscovered negligence of original counsel for a significant amount of time, we conclude
the trial court correctly denied the request for equitable relief and decided the section 2-1401
petition, based on the pleadings alone, as a matter of law.
¶ 42 CONCLUSION
¶ 43 The judgment of the circuit court of Warren County is affirmed.
¶ 44 Affirmed.
¶ 45 JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE, dissenting.
¶ 46 I dissent. I agree with the majority that the defendants did not act with diligence in
presenting their defenses to the trial court. However, in my view, equitable considerations
require us to vacate the default judgment entered in this case notwithstanding the defendants'
lack of diligence. I would therefore reverse the trial court's judgment and remand with
instructions to grant the defendants' section 2-1401 petition to vacate the default judgment.
14 ¶ 47 At the outset, I note that the majority implicitly accepts the defendants' argument that our
supreme court's decision in People v. Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d 1 (2007) does not eliminate a trial
court's discretion to relax the due diligence requirement for equitable reasons under appropriate
circumstances. I agree with this conclusion. Our appellate court decisions after Vincent are split
on the issue. See, e.g., R.M. Lucas Co. v. Peoples Gas Light and Coke Co., 2011 Ill App (1st)
102955 (2011) (interpreting Vincent as removing all discretion from circuit courts in section 2-
1401 cases); but see, e.g., Cavalry Portfolio Services v. Rocha, 2012 IL App (1st) 111690, ¶ 10
(noting that Vincent involved a jurisdictional claim that a trial court's judgment was void,
limiting Vincent to its facts, and ruling that Vincent should not be read as limiting a trial court's
equitable discretion to relax the diligence requirement where justice requires it to do so);
Rockford Financial Systems, Inc. v. Borgetti, 403 Ill. App. 3d 321, 326-27 (2010) (same); In re
Marriage of Roepenack, 2012 IL App 3d (3d) 110198, ¶ 40 (ruling that "[w]hen justice and
fairness require, a judgment may be vacated even though the requirement of due diligence had
not been satisfied"). I believe that the latter cases are better reasoned. The plain language of
section 2-1401 clearly indicates that the equitable relief that was formerly available under the old
common law writs remains available under section 2-1401. See 735 ILCS 5/2-1401(a) (West
2008) ("[a]ll relief heretofore obtainable and the grounds for such relief heretofore available,
whether by any of the foregoing remedies or otherwise, shall be available in every case, by
proceedings hereunder, regardless of the nature of the order or judgment from which relief is
sought or of the proceedings in which it was entered").
¶ 48 Although the majority appears to agree that trial courts still have the discretion to relax
the due diligence requirement for equitable reasons under appropriate circumstances, it finds that
that the facts of this case do not present such circumstances. Specifically, the majority notes that
15 section 2-1401 does not shield a litigant from his own mistakes or his counsel’s negligence, and
that a party must follow the progress of its own case rather than merely assume that his counsel
is doing everything necessary and proper in the conduct thereof. Supra ¶¶ 29, 37. It then faults
the defendants for not following the progress of the case while it languished due to Tichenor’s
inattention and for failing to discover the entry of the default judgment for nearly 14 months.
¶ 49 Although I agree that the defendants have not shown that they followed the progress of
their case with diligence, I do not believe that this should decide the matter. Notwithstanding the
general rule that section 2-1401 will not relieve a party of the consequences of his own neglect or
his attorney's neglect, courts have relaxed the due diligence requirement for equitable reasons
and granted 2-1401 petitions despite the movant's lack of diligence in extraordinary
circumstances where the party's counsel has abruptly and inexplicably abandoned the client or
where there were reasons explaining the party's or its counsel's negligence. See, e.g., Cohen v.
Wood Brothers Steel Stamping Co., 227 Ill. App. 3d 354, 360 (1992); Yates v. Barnaby's of
Northbrook, 218 Ill. App. 3d 128 (1991); Zee Jay, Inc. v. Illinois Insurance Guaranty Fund, 194
Ill. App. 3d 1098 (1990). 3 Here, Tichenor totally abandoned the case with no notice to the
defendants due (at least in part) to personal issues relating to the illness and death of his father.
3 In R.M. Lucas, the Fist District of our appellate court held that Vincent had effectively
overruled Cohen because it interpreted Vincent as removing all equitable discretion from trial
courts in Rule 2-1401 cases. As noted above, subsequent decisions of our appellate court,
including a First District case (Rocha, 2012 IL App (1st) 111690, ¶ 10) and a Third District case
(Marriage of Roepenack, 2012 IL App 3d (3d) 110198, ¶ 40), have interpreted Vincent more
narrowly. Accordingly, in my view, Cohen, Yates, Zee Jay, and other pre-Vincent cases
affirming a trial court's exercise of discretion in 2-1401 cases remain good law.
16 The defendants, who had diligently pursued settlement negotiations prior to the litigation,
reasonably believed that they were being defended by Tichenor while any issues between
Warren County and Biederbeck were being resolved, and that they did not learn of Tichenor's
neglect until the circuit court removed him from the case.
¶ 50 Moreover, "a trial court ruling denying section 2–1401 relief can be vacated even in the
absence of diligence where the defendant has a meritorious defense and actively seeks to vacate
the judgment." Rocha, 2012 IL App (1st) 111690, ¶ 18; see also Fiala v. Schulenberg, 256 Ill.
App. 3d 922, 929 (1993). "More important than the due diligence requirement is the requirement
that substantial justice be achieved." Rocha, 2012 IL App (1st) 111690, ¶ 18. As our supreme
court has ruled:
"One of the guiding principles * * * of section 2–1401 relief is that the petition
invokes the equitable powers of the circuit court, which should prevent
enforcement of a default judgment when it would be unfair, unjust, or
unconscionable. [Citations.] *** Because a section 2–1401 petition is addressed
to equitable powers, courts have not considered themselves strictly bound by
precedent, and where justice and good conscience may require it a default
judgment may be vacated even though the requirement of due diligence has not
been satisfied." Smith v. Airoom, Inc., 114 Ill. 2d 209, 225 (1986) (internal
quotation marks omitted).
Accordingly, where the defendant has meritorious defenses and promptly files a 2-1401 petition
to vacate a judgment, the petition may be granted in the interest of justice even without any
showing that the defendant was diligent in presenting its defenses to the trial court. Rocha, 2012
IL App (1st) 111690, ¶ 18; see also Fiala, 256 Ill.App.3d at 930. Contrary to the majority's
17 suggestion, the diligence requirement may be relaxed under such circumstances even without a
showing of fraud and without a showing that the movant's attorney had been disbarred or was
engaging in the unauthorized practice of law. See, e.g., Rocha, 2012 IL App (1st) 111690.
¶ 51 Here, the trial court ruled that the defendants had meritorious defenses because the deeds
and plat seemed to indicate that Biederbeck owned the property where the logging occurred and
O'Dell took no action that would subject him to liability under the complaint. It also found that
the defendants had been diligent in filing their section 2-1401 petition once they learned of the
default judgment. Nevertheless, the trial court denied the defendants' petition because: (1) the
defendants were not diligent in presenting their defenses to the circuit court (due, at least in large
part, to Tichenor's neglect), and (2) the trial court concluded, wrongly, that Vincent deprived it of
the discretion to relax the diligence requirement in the interest of justice. The court noted that, if
it "had the ability to use discretion as was the law before Vincent," it "clearly" "would have
lessened the due diligence standard and granted the defendants' petition in the interest of justice."
Indeed, the court stated that "[i]t is difficult to think of a more unjust fact scenario to the
defendants" than the facts presented in this case.
¶ 52 I agree that the default judgment in this case imposes a substantial injustice on the
defendants. Even under a de novo standard of review, the defendant's defenses appear to have
merit. The defendants presented affidavits (including the notarized deeds and plat) which were
not effectively countered by the plaintiff. 4 Moreover, based on the arguments presented by the
4 The "legal description" that the plaintiff presented to refute the notarized deeds and plat
presented by the defendants was prepared on a word processor and contained no official seals,
signatures, notarization, file stamps, or any indicia of recording or authenticity. When later
18 parties thus far, it seems that Walters Logging was a good faith purchaser, and there does not
appear to be any basis for imposing liability against Steve Walters or O'Dell. Accordingly, it
appears that the plaintiff has obtained a judgment against the defendants in excess of $68,000 for
the removal of trees from land that the plaintiff apparently does not own. In my view, the
enforcement of this judgment would be "unfair, unjust, [and] unconscionable." Airoom, 114 Ill.
2d at 225. At a minimum, the defendants should have an opportunity to test the plaintiff's claims
through motion practice or at trial. Accordingly, I would reverse and remand with directions to
grant the defendants' 2-1401 petition to vacate the default judgment.
given the opportunity to present affidavits or further documents during the 2-1401 hearing, the
plaintiff provided none.