Warner-Lambert Co. v. Northside Associates, Inc.

922 F. Supp. 840, 37 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1701, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1356, 1996 WL 18845
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. New York
DecidedFebruary 8, 1996
Docket95 Civ. 9157 (SAS)
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 922 F. Supp. 840 (Warner-Lambert Co. v. Northside Associates, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Warner-Lambert Co. v. Northside Associates, Inc., 922 F. Supp. 840, 37 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1701, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1356, 1996 WL 18845 (S.D.N.Y. 1996).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

SCHEINDLIN, District Judge.

I. Introduction

Plaintiffs (collectively, “Warner-Lambert”) manufacture and distribute over-the-counter drugs, including HALLS brand cough drops and HALLS brand cough suppressant tablets. Plaintiffs’ Memorandum at 2-3. Plaintiffs own three registered trademarks for HALLS. Id. at 3. Defendants are wholesale distributors of over-the-counter drugs and health and beauty products. Id. Plaintiffs contend that Defendants “knowingly sold, and continue to sell, products bearing Warner-Lambert trademarks with knowledge that such products are stale and do not comply with the quality control standards of’ Warner-Lambert. Id. at 2. According to Plaintiffs, Defendants sell HALLS to their retailer customers in cartons and shipping trays that do not bear Wamer-Lambert’s freshness date 1 or manufacturing lot codes. *842 Id. at 5-6. Warner-Lambert does not dispute, however, that the product is sold to consumers in its original packaging (individual bags). Warner-Lambert affixes the freshness date to the shipping containers that it sells to wholesalers and retailers. PI. Reply Mem. at 3. On October 25, 1995, Warner-Lambert sued Defendants under the Lanham Act, New York state trademark laws, and New York common law. On October 26, this Court granted a temporary restraining order that enjoined Defendants from continuing to sell HALLS brand products in cartons not bearing Warner-Lambert freshness dates.

Plaintiffs now seek a preliminary injunction enjoining Defendants from the following: selling HALLS past Warner-Lambert’s freshness date; selling HALLS that have been repackaged or relabeled in a manner that omits the freshness date and lot code; selling HALLS that have been repackaged in a way that combines products from different manufacturing lots into a single container; disposing of any HALLS (including the packaging and marks thereon) that have been relabeled, repackaged or will shortly be past their freshness date; disposing of any sales, marketing or promotional materials that were distributed (or prepared for distribution) to customers and relate to HALLS products; and disposing of documents that relate to purchases or sales of HALLS products.

II. Standard

In order to obtain a preliminary injunction in this Circuit, the applicant must demonstrate irreparable harm, and either (1) a likelihood of success on the merits of its case, or (2) sufficiently serious questions going to the merits to make them a fair ground for litigation and a balance of the hardships tipping decidedly in its favor. Polymer Technology Corp. v. Mimran, 37 F.3d 74 (2d Cir.1994) (citing Coca-Cola Co. v. Tropicana Prods., Inc., 690 F.2d 312, 314-15 (2d Cir.1982)). Irreparable injury means “injury for which a monetary award cannot be adequate compensation.” Loveridge v. Pendleton Woolen Mills, Inc., 788 F.2d 914, 917 (2d Cir.1986) (quoting Jackson Dairy, Inc. v. H.P. Hood & Sons, Inc., 596 F.2d 70, 72 (2d Cir.1979) (per curiam)). Consequently, “where money damages are adequate compensation a preliminary injunction should not issue.” JSG Trading Corp. v. Tray-Wrap, Inc., 917 F.2d 75, 79 (2d Cir.1990). A preliminary injunction is an extraordinary remedy, and one that should not be granted as a routine matter. Thus a party seeking such relief must show a likelihood of irreparable injury, not a possibility of irreparable injury. “[Ljikelihood sets, of course, a higher standard than possibility.” Id. at 79-80.

However, if a plaintiff can show that its claim of trademark infringement is likely to succeed, then irreparable harm is presumed. “In the preliminary injunction context, a showing of likelihood of confusion as to source or sponsorship establishes the requisite likelihood of success on the merits as well as risk of irreparable harm.” Standard & Poor’s Corp. v. Commodity Exchange, Inc., 683 F.2d 704, 708 (2d Cir.1982), cited in Home Box Office, Inc. v. Showtime/The Movie Channel Inc., 832 F.2d 1311, 1314 (2d Cir.1987). Therefore, the issue here is whether Warner-Lambert has demonstrated a likelihood of success on the merits.

III. Discussion of the Merits

A. Prevailing on a Trademark Infringement Claim Regarding Quality Control Procedures

The Second Circuit has held that no action for trademark infringement will “arise where the goods being sold are genuine goods bearing a true mark.” Polymer, 37 F.3d at 78. Goods are not considered genuine if they “do not meet the trademark owner’s quality control standards,” and the sale of such goods constitutes trademark infringement. Id. Furthermore, “[f]or this purpose the actual quality of the goods is irrelevant; it is the control of quality that a trademark holder is entitled to maintain.” El Greco Leather Products Co. v. Shoe World, Inc., 806 F.2d 392, 395 (2d Cir.1986). However, in applying this standard, the Polymer court examined the facts before it and decided, for several reasons, that no trademark infringement had occurred.

In Polymer, the plaintiff was a manufacturer of contact lens solutions. In addition *843 to selling solutions to the retail market, Polymer sold solutions to professional eye-care practitioners. The professional solutions did “not always contain the same information on their outer packaging as the retail solutions, nor [did] they always contain [a] tamper-evident seal.” Id. at 77. The defendant in Polymer admitted to obtaining “Polymer’s professional solutions from Polymer’s authorized distributors and then resell[ing] them to wholesalers and retail drug stores.” Id. As in the instant ease, the plaintiff claimed that the defendant violated its trademark rights by selling its products to retailers even though the products did not meet the plaintiff’s quality control standards. Id. Polymer contended that the defendant violated the quality control procedures in three ways: by selling kits of solutions that were mislabeled; by selling kits without tamper-evident seals; and by selling solutions individually after breaking up the kits. Id.

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922 F. Supp. 840, 37 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1701, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1356, 1996 WL 18845, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/warner-lambert-co-v-northside-associates-inc-nysd-1996.