2 CLERK US DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 BY: DE 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 DISTRICT OF NEVADA tek ok 6 DOUGLAS HARRY WARENBACK, 7 . Case No. 2:20-cv-01682-KJD-VCF Plaintiff, 8 || vs. 9 ORDER A.G. AARON FORD, 10 Defendant APPLICATION TO PROCEED IN FORMA , PAUPERIS (EFC NO. 1); COMPLAINT (ECF 11 NO. 1-1); MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT (ECF NO. 3); 12 MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT (ECF NO. 5); 13 MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE THIRD 4 AMENDED COMPLAINT (ECF NO. 6)
15 Before the Court are pro se plaintiff Douglas Harry Warenback’s application to proceed in forma 16 pauperis (ECF No. 1); complaint (ECF No. 1-1); and his motions for leave to file a first, second, and 17 third amended complaint (ECF Nos. 3, 5, 6). Warenback’s in forma pauperis application is granted (ECF 18 No. 1); his complaint is dismissed without prejudice with leave to amend (ECF No. 1-1); and his 19 motions (ECF Nos. 3, 5, and 6) are all denied without prejudice.
DISCUSSION 22 Warenback’s application and complaint present two questions: (1) whether Warenback may 23 || proceed in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e) and (2) whether Warenback’s complaint states a 24 |! plausible claim for relief. 25
I. Whether Warenback May Proceed In Forma Pauperis 1 Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1), a plaintiff may bring a civil action “without prepayment of fees or 2 security thereof” if the plaintiff submits a financial affidavit that demonstrates the plaintiff “is unable to 3 4 pay such fees or give security therefor.” Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis includes a 5 declaration under penalty of perjury that plaintiff is unable to pay the costs of these proceedings. (ECF 6 No. 1). Plaintiff’s affidavit states that he has no wages, that he receives $194 per month in assistance, 7 and that he has $175.00 in savings. (Id.) Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis is granted. 8 II. Whether Warenback’s Complaint States a Plausible Claim 9 a. Plaintiff’s Complaint and Filings 10 Warenback brings a civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. Section 1983. (ECF No. 1-1). 11 He filed a complaint on the Court’s approved form, and he also attached additional arguments to the 12 complaint. (Id.) He alleges that NRS 179D.480 is unconstitutional. (Id. at 2). Warenback alleges that the 13 provision that states that a, “sex offender shall appear in person in at least one jurisdiction in which the 14 offender or sex offender resides” violates the United States Constitution because it is an ex post facto 15 law. (Id.) Warenback alleges that the statute is unconstitutional on its face and as applied to him because 16 17 he spent many years as a homeless person which made it difficult for him to comply with the required in 18 person appearances. (Id.) Warenback filed three motions for amended complaints, in which he attempts 19 to add additional arguments to his original complaint and replace certain pages of the original complaint. 20 (i.e., see ECF No. 3 at 1) (“The amended complaint replaces pages 6-12 of document 1-1). 21 b. Legal Standard 22 Because the Court grants Warenback’s application to proceed in forma pauperis, it must review 23 Warenback’s complaint to determine whether the complaint is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a 24 plausible claim. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) provides that a 25 2 complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the [plaintiff] is entitled 1 to relief.” The Supreme Court’s decision in Ashcroft v. Iqbal states that to satisfy Rule 8’s requirements, 2 a complaint’s allegations must cross “the line from conceivable to plausible.” 556 U.S. 662, 680 (2009) 3 4 (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 547, (2007)). 5 A complaint must be complete in and of itself and not refer to or adopt the prior complaint. 6 Bullen v. De Bretteville, 239 F.2d 824, 833 (9th Cir. 1956). Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil 7 Procedure provides for dismissal of a complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be 8 granted. A complaint should be dismissed under Rule 12(b)(6) "if it appears beyond a doubt that the 9 plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claims that would entitle him to relief." Buckey v. Los 10 Angeles, 968 F.2d 791, 794 (9th Cir. 1992). 11 “[A] pro se complaint, however inartfully pleaded, must be held to less stringent standards than 12 formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (quoting Estelle v. 13 Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976)). If the Court dismisses a complaint under § 1915(e), the plaintiff 14 should be given leave to amend the complaint with directions as to curing its deficiencies, unless it is 15 clear from the face of the complaint that the deficiencies could not be cured by amendment. Cato v. 16 17 United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 1995). 18 The United States Constitution states that, “[n]o Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be 19 passed.” USCS Const. Art. I, § 9, Cl 3. The United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of 20 Alaska’s sex offender registration law, holding that, “registration requirements make a valid regulatory 21 program effective and do not impose punitive restraints in violation of the Ex Post Facto Clause.” Smith 22 v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84, 102, 123 S. Ct. 1140, 1152 (2003). The Ninth Circuit has not considered the 23 constitutionality of Nevada’s sex offender registration statute, but it has considered California’s sex- 24 25 3 offender registration statute1, which, unlike Alaska’s law, also requires offenders to register in person. 1 See Hatton v. Bonner, 356 F.3d 955, 964 (9th Cir. 2003). For example, the Hatton Court noted that: 2 It is true that, unlike the Alaska statute, § 290 requires Petitioner to register in person. Although this fact 3 4 is important, when balanced against the other facts highlighted above, it is simply not enough to turn § 5 290 into an affirmative disability or restraint. Thus, this factor weighs in favor of the state court's 6 conclusion that application of § 290 to Petitioner does not violate the Ex Post Facto Clause. 7 See Hatton, 356 F.3d at 964. The Ninth Circuit stated that, “we must undertake a two-step 8 analysis to determine whether § 290 constitutes retroactive punishment forbidden by the Ex Post Facto 9 Clause.” Id., citing to Smith, 125 S. Ct. at 1146-47; also citing to Young v. Weston, 344 F.3d 973, 977 10 (9th Cir.
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2 CLERK US DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 BY: DE 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 DISTRICT OF NEVADA tek ok 6 DOUGLAS HARRY WARENBACK, 7 . Case No. 2:20-cv-01682-KJD-VCF Plaintiff, 8 || vs. 9 ORDER A.G. AARON FORD, 10 Defendant APPLICATION TO PROCEED IN FORMA , PAUPERIS (EFC NO. 1); COMPLAINT (ECF 11 NO. 1-1); MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT (ECF NO. 3); 12 MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT (ECF NO. 5); 13 MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE THIRD 4 AMENDED COMPLAINT (ECF NO. 6)
15 Before the Court are pro se plaintiff Douglas Harry Warenback’s application to proceed in forma 16 pauperis (ECF No. 1); complaint (ECF No. 1-1); and his motions for leave to file a first, second, and 17 third amended complaint (ECF Nos. 3, 5, 6). Warenback’s in forma pauperis application is granted (ECF 18 No. 1); his complaint is dismissed without prejudice with leave to amend (ECF No. 1-1); and his 19 motions (ECF Nos. 3, 5, and 6) are all denied without prejudice.
DISCUSSION 22 Warenback’s application and complaint present two questions: (1) whether Warenback may 23 || proceed in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e) and (2) whether Warenback’s complaint states a 24 |! plausible claim for relief. 25
I. Whether Warenback May Proceed In Forma Pauperis 1 Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1), a plaintiff may bring a civil action “without prepayment of fees or 2 security thereof” if the plaintiff submits a financial affidavit that demonstrates the plaintiff “is unable to 3 4 pay such fees or give security therefor.” Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis includes a 5 declaration under penalty of perjury that plaintiff is unable to pay the costs of these proceedings. (ECF 6 No. 1). Plaintiff’s affidavit states that he has no wages, that he receives $194 per month in assistance, 7 and that he has $175.00 in savings. (Id.) Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis is granted. 8 II. Whether Warenback’s Complaint States a Plausible Claim 9 a. Plaintiff’s Complaint and Filings 10 Warenback brings a civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. Section 1983. (ECF No. 1-1). 11 He filed a complaint on the Court’s approved form, and he also attached additional arguments to the 12 complaint. (Id.) He alleges that NRS 179D.480 is unconstitutional. (Id. at 2). Warenback alleges that the 13 provision that states that a, “sex offender shall appear in person in at least one jurisdiction in which the 14 offender or sex offender resides” violates the United States Constitution because it is an ex post facto 15 law. (Id.) Warenback alleges that the statute is unconstitutional on its face and as applied to him because 16 17 he spent many years as a homeless person which made it difficult for him to comply with the required in 18 person appearances. (Id.) Warenback filed three motions for amended complaints, in which he attempts 19 to add additional arguments to his original complaint and replace certain pages of the original complaint. 20 (i.e., see ECF No. 3 at 1) (“The amended complaint replaces pages 6-12 of document 1-1). 21 b. Legal Standard 22 Because the Court grants Warenback’s application to proceed in forma pauperis, it must review 23 Warenback’s complaint to determine whether the complaint is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a 24 plausible claim. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) provides that a 25 2 complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the [plaintiff] is entitled 1 to relief.” The Supreme Court’s decision in Ashcroft v. Iqbal states that to satisfy Rule 8’s requirements, 2 a complaint’s allegations must cross “the line from conceivable to plausible.” 556 U.S. 662, 680 (2009) 3 4 (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 547, (2007)). 5 A complaint must be complete in and of itself and not refer to or adopt the prior complaint. 6 Bullen v. De Bretteville, 239 F.2d 824, 833 (9th Cir. 1956). Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil 7 Procedure provides for dismissal of a complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be 8 granted. A complaint should be dismissed under Rule 12(b)(6) "if it appears beyond a doubt that the 9 plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claims that would entitle him to relief." Buckey v. Los 10 Angeles, 968 F.2d 791, 794 (9th Cir. 1992). 11 “[A] pro se complaint, however inartfully pleaded, must be held to less stringent standards than 12 formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (quoting Estelle v. 13 Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976)). If the Court dismisses a complaint under § 1915(e), the plaintiff 14 should be given leave to amend the complaint with directions as to curing its deficiencies, unless it is 15 clear from the face of the complaint that the deficiencies could not be cured by amendment. Cato v. 16 17 United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 1995). 18 The United States Constitution states that, “[n]o Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be 19 passed.” USCS Const. Art. I, § 9, Cl 3. The United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of 20 Alaska’s sex offender registration law, holding that, “registration requirements make a valid regulatory 21 program effective and do not impose punitive restraints in violation of the Ex Post Facto Clause.” Smith 22 v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84, 102, 123 S. Ct. 1140, 1152 (2003). The Ninth Circuit has not considered the 23 constitutionality of Nevada’s sex offender registration statute, but it has considered California’s sex- 24 25 3 offender registration statute1, which, unlike Alaska’s law, also requires offenders to register in person. 1 See Hatton v. Bonner, 356 F.3d 955, 964 (9th Cir. 2003). For example, the Hatton Court noted that: 2 It is true that, unlike the Alaska statute, § 290 requires Petitioner to register in person. Although this fact 3 4 is important, when balanced against the other facts highlighted above, it is simply not enough to turn § 5 290 into an affirmative disability or restraint. Thus, this factor weighs in favor of the state court's 6 conclusion that application of § 290 to Petitioner does not violate the Ex Post Facto Clause. 7 See Hatton, 356 F.3d at 964. The Ninth Circuit stated that, “we must undertake a two-step 8 analysis to determine whether § 290 constitutes retroactive punishment forbidden by the Ex Post Facto 9 Clause.” Id., citing to Smith, 125 S. Ct. at 1146-47; also citing to Young v. Weston, 344 F.3d 973, 977 10 (9th Cir. 2003) (applying two-step test under civil commitment statute); and Russell v. Gregoire, 124 11 F.3d 1079, 1086-87 (9th Cir. 1997) (evaluating Washington's sex-offender registration statute using the 12 same two-part analysis). “First, we must decide whether the intent of the California legislature in 13 enacting § 290 was to impose punishment on sex offenders….If the answer is ‘yes,’ our analysis ends 14 because retroactive application of the statute would constitute an ex post facto violation.” Hatton 356 15 F.3d at 964, citing to Smith, 125 S. Ct. at 1146-47. “If, however, the intent of the California legislature 16 17 was to enact a nonpunitive and civil regulatory regime, we move to the second step of the analysis to 18 decide whether § 290 is ‘so punitive either in purpose or effect as to negate [the State's] intention to 19 deem it civil.’” Hatton 356 F.3d at 964, citing to Smith, 125 S. Ct. at 1146-47. 20 c. Discussion 21 To dismiss a complaint at the screening stage, the complaint must be frivolous, malicious, or fail 22 to state a plausible claim. The plaintiff claims that the Nevada Statute violates his rights and the ex post 23 24
25 1 Cal Pen Code § 290. 4 facto clause, but even reading the complaint liberally, plaintiff does not state a plausible claim pursuant 1 to the Ninth Circuit’s two-step approach. For example, the plaintiff does not allege that the Nevada 2 legislature intended to impose punishment on sex offenders in enacting the statute or that the in-person 3 4 reporting requirement is so punitive that it negates the legislature’s intention. 5 The Court still dismisses plaintiff’s complaint without prejudice, with leave to amend. The 6 plaintiff has moved to amend the complaint several times, but his amendment attempts are each lengthy 7 addendums to the original complaint, wherein he refers to the original complaint. Thus, the Court 8 denies plaintiff’s three motions to amend. The first amended complaint that plaintiff files must also 9 conform to the requirements of Rule 8, which provides that a complaint must contain “a short and plain 10 statement of the claim showing that the [plaintiff] is entitled to relief.” Plaintiff may file a first amended 11 complaint, that is complete in and of itself (i.e. does not reference the original complaint). 12 ACCORDINGLY, 13 IT IS ORDERED that Warenback’s application to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 1) is 14 GRANTED. 15 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of Court shall file the Complaint (ECF No. 1-1). 16 17 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Warenback’s complaint (ECF No. 1-1) is DISMISSED 18 WITHOUT PREJUDICE. 19 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiffs’ motions to file amended complaints (ECF Nos. 3, 5, 20 and 6) are all DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. 21 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Warenback has until Monday, November 9, 2020 to file an 22 amended complaint addressing the issues discussed above. Failure to timely file an amended complaint 23 that addresses the deficiencies noted in this Order may result in a recommendation for dismissal with 24 prejudice. 25 5 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that if an amended complaint is later filed, the Clerk of the Court is
5 directed NOT to issue summons on the amended complaint. The Court will issue a screening order on
3 || the amended complaint and address the issuance of summons at that time, if applicable. See 28 U.S.C. § 4 || 1915¢e)(2). 5 NOTICE 6 Pursuant to Local Rules IB 3-1 and IB 3-2, a party may object to orders and reports and 7 |! recommendations issued by the magistrate judge. Objections must be in writing and filed with the Clerk 8 |! of the Court within fourteen days. LR IB 3-1, 3-2. The Supreme Court has held that the courts of appeal ° may determine that an appeal has been waived due to the failure to file objections within the specified time. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 142 (1985). This circuit has also held that (1) failure to file objections within the specified time and (2) failure to properly address and brief the objectionable issues waives the right to appeal the District Court's order and/or appeal factual issues from the order of the
4 District Court. Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153, 1157 (9th Cir. 1991); Britt v. Simi Valley United Sch.
15 Dist., 708 F.2d 452, 454 (9th Cir. 1983). Pursuant to LR IA 3-1, the plaintiff must immediately file
16 || Written notification with the court of any change of address. The notification must include proof of 17 || Service upon each opposing party’s attorney, or upon the opposing party if the party is unrepresented by 18 || counsel. Failure to comply with this rule may result in dismissal of the action. 19 IT IS SO ORDERED. 20 DATED this 13th day of October 2020.
0 CAM FERENBACH UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 23 24 25