Ware v. Industrial Commission

743 N.E.2d 579, 318 Ill. App. 3d 1117, 252 Ill. Dec. 711, 2000 Ill. App. LEXIS 998
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedDecember 28, 2000
DocketNo. 1-00-1279WC
StatusPublished
Cited by21 cases

This text of 743 N.E.2d 579 (Ware v. Industrial Commission) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ware v. Industrial Commission, 743 N.E.2d 579, 318 Ill. App. 3d 1117, 252 Ill. Dec. 711, 2000 Ill. App. LEXIS 998 (Ill. Ct. App. 2000).

Opinion

JUSTICE COLWELL

delivered the opinion of the court:

Claimant, William Ware, appeals a decision of the circuit court of Cook County confirming a decision of the Industrial Commission (Commission). The Commission reversed the decision of the arbitrator awarding benefits under the Workers’ Compensation Act (Act) (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West 1994)). The Commission found that claimant failed to prove that an employer-employee relationship existed between him and respondent, Superior Carriers (Superior). We reverse.

BACKGROUND

Ware was an over-the-road truck driver who owned his own semi-tractor. Superior was a company engaged in the business of delivering freight for various customers. Superior provided tank trailers to Ware. On October 1, 1992, Superior dispatched Ware to deliver a load of methanol to a facility in Michigan owned by Shell Chemical (Shell). A pump, which was used for unloading, was leaking and Ware attempted to tighten the packaging on the pump. Ware’s jacket became entangled in the pump’s drive shaft, and he was severely injured. The pump was located on the tractor. Superior required that the tractor be equipped with the pump.

At the time of the accident, Ware was operating under an agreement with Superior titled “Equipment Lease Agreement Between Independent Contractor And Carrier.” The lease referred to Ware as an independent contractor. The agreement provided that Ware would lease his tractor to Superior, giving it “exclusive possession, control, and use for the limited purpose of complying with state and federal transportation law.” Under the lease, Superior was required to pay for insurance to cover the vehicle when it was being operated in Superior’s service. Superior also was to acquire “bobtail” insurance to cover the vehicle when it was not operated in its service. This insurance was charged to Ware. Ware was paid a percentage of the gross revenue from each particular job. The lease required Ware to submit several documents in order to be paid. The lease also provided that the cost of tank cleaning was to be split between the parties and that Ware was responsible for inspecting the tanks. One of the documents Ware had to turn in to be paid was a “tank cleaning check off list.” The lease allowed Ware to hire other individuals to operate the truck, but required his hiring decisions to be approved by Superior. Ware was responsible for all costs of operation. The lease also prohibited Ware from using his tractor to haul freight for other companies without Superior’s approval. The lease could be terminated at anytime, after 30 days from its effective date, if either party gave notice by certified mail. Superior could also terminate the lease immediately under various circumstances, including failure to provide a competent driver. This was not the first lease between the parties; rather, Superior would terminate a lease and issue a new one when necessary to comply with applicable local or federal regulations. The lease the parties were operating under at the time of the accident was signed January 14, 1991. Ware stated that he understood the lease and entered into it voluntarily.

Ware was paid a percentage of the gross revenue, except when hauling for Shell, where he was paid by the mile. He did not receive any form of a benefit package. Superior did not withhold income or social security taxes from Ware’s compensation. Ware received a federal 1099 form rather than a W-2 form.

Ware had been employed by D&L Transport when Superior acquired that company in 1987. Ware was working under a lease agreement, and Superior canceled that lease and issued a new one. Since that time, Ware has worked exclusively for Superior. He quit in 1989, but he returned after two weeks. While working for Superior, Ware did not have any other customers and did not advertise as a separate business. He was, however, incorporated. Ware did have another driver operating his truck for an undetermined amount of time in 1991 and 1992.

Individual assignments were initiated by Superior through a travel order. Ware did not make arrangements with Superior’s customers. The order would tell a driver what load he was carrying, where to deliver it, what times he had to pick up and deliver it, and what equipment he needed to unload. The order also provided some routing information. Timetables reflected the requests of Superior’s customers. Generally, drivers were not required to follow the suggested route, but if hazardous materials were being hauled, the route was mandatory in some areas.

Superior provided instructions to Ware regarding the operation and maintenance of his truck. Superior prohibited Ware from carrying unauthorized passengers in his truck. It required Ware to notify Superior if an accident occurred. Superior forbade Ware to operate more hours than allowed by federal law and threatened to terminate him if he received three speeding tickets in one year. Superior set forth procedures for operating in cold weather. These procedures included how to clean the vehicle, where to park, what kind of fuel to purchase, and when to check the trailer for condensation. Superior instructed Ware to remove all hoses from the trailer he was using and place them on a cleaning rack at the end of a shift. Superior required Ware to take a physical every two years. The results of the physicals were sent directly to Superior. Superior’s company logo was displayed on Ware’s tractor. Many of the requirements Superior mandated originated in federal regulations governing the trucking industry.

In 1989 and 1990, Ware was a part of a portion of Superior’s fleet which was dedicated to serving Shell. Shell imposed additional requirements on this fleet. Ware was required to display the Shell logo, as well as the Superior logo, on his tractor. He was required to wear a uniform, bearing both companies’ logos, and to shave his beard. OSHA required drivers to be clean shaven so that an oxygen mask would fit, if necessary. Because Shell required instant communication with these drivers, Superior installed a cellular telephone in Ware’s truck. Ware was required to attend safety meetings while part of this fleet.

Ware’s truck was registered in Superior’s name. This was required by federal regulations. The cost of the license was deducted from Ware’s compensation. The “bobtail” insurance Superior selected for Ware’s truck listed both parties as insureds. The cost of this insurance was also deducted from Ware’s compensation.

Ware was allowed to purchase his own workers’ compensation insurance policy under the lease. In 1990, Superior put together an “occupational accident plan” through CIGNA. This was not a true workers’ compensation plan. If a driver successfully made a workers’ compensation claim against Superior, the benefits of this policy would be paid to Superior. All drivers were required to either procure their own workers’ compensation insurance or enroll in the CIGNA plan at their own expense. Ware initially declined to participate in the CIGNA plan, despite not having his own insurance at the time. In May 1991, Superior told Ware he would no longer be dispatched unless he enrobed in the CIGNA policy, and Ware complied. Ware had provided his own workers’ compensation insurance in the past.

FoUowing his accident, Ware was unable to make payments on his truck. He sold it on February 1, 1993.

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Bluebook (online)
743 N.E.2d 579, 318 Ill. App. 3d 1117, 252 Ill. Dec. 711, 2000 Ill. App. LEXIS 998, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ware-v-industrial-commission-illappct-2000.