Wang Zong Xiao v. Reno

930 F. Supp. 1377, 1996 WL 396180
CourtDistrict Court, N.D. California
DecidedJune 17, 1996
DocketNo. C-90-0350 WHO
StatusPublished

This text of 930 F. Supp. 1377 (Wang Zong Xiao v. Reno) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. California primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wang Zong Xiao v. Reno, 930 F. Supp. 1377, 1996 WL 396180 (N.D. Cal. 1996).

Opinion

ORDER SETTING CONDITIONS OF RELEASE

ORRICK, District Judge.

In an order filed May 3, 1996, in Wang v. Reno, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled: “The appellee’s motion for release is granted pending completion of proceedings in the Court of Appeals. Appellant [sic] shall be released upon conditions to be established by the district court.”

“Appellee,” known to this Court as plaintiff Wang Zong Xiao (‘Wang”), comes now before the Court for the purpose of having the Court comply with the Ninth Circuit’s order by establishing the conditions under which he is to be released. The Court has had the benefit of a United States Pretrial Services Agency (“Pretrial Services”) Memorandum containing its research of alternatives to the detention of Wang and recommending certain conditions. In addition, the parties have provided the Court with comments, both oral and written, addressing the nature and types of conditions to be established.

I.

This case has had a long and shameful history, of which the parties are well aware and which the Court will not here repeat. The essential facts of the case are described at length in the Court’s opinion in Xiao v. Reno, 837 F.Supp. 1506 (N.D.Cal.1993), aff'd, 81 F.3d 808 (9th Cir.1996).1 On October 6, 1993, the Court issued its Opinion and Order permanently enjoining the INS and any other government entity from attempting to remove Wang from the United States or to return him to the custody of the People’s Republic of China. Id. at 1564.

II.

With respect to the conditions of Wang’s release, Wang is essentially in agreement with the recommendations of Pretrial Services. In addition, Wang has requested that the Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”) be ordered to provide him with the appropriate documentation reflecting his legal presence in the country and his right to be employed here.

The government vigorously disputes the propriety of, and the Court’s authority in, ordering the production of such documentation for Wang. In addition, the government urges the Court to place much more stringent restrictions upon Wang.

A.

Contending that Wang is a flight risk and poses a danger to the community, the government asks the Court to confine Wang to a halfway house, so that Wang is unable to leave at any time, during the first two months following his “release” from custody.

This the Court refuses to do. Such confinement would not, of course, comply with the Ninth Circuit’s direction that Wang be released. The Court of Appeals has allowed this Court to place conditions on Wang’s release, but those conditions cannot be so restrictive that they deprive Wang of his freedom to the same extent as being in the custody of the United States Marshals Service. To comply with the government’s request would be to flout the Ninth Circuit’s order. Moreover, given the fact that Wang has already been kept in custody, not charged with any crime, since 1988, the Court is astonished that the government would propose such an arrangement.

B.

Wang asks that the Court order the INS to provide him with a completed and ap[1379]*1379proved Form 1-94 (arrival/departure record) and Form I-668B (employment authorization card). The 1-94 will establish that Wang is lawfully present in the United States, and the I-668B will allow him to work.

The government is strongly opposed to what it characterizes as an “end run around normal immigration procedures.” At the hearing, the government’s counsel also contended that Wang cannot now argue that this Court has jurisdiction to order the issuance of immigration papers, because Wang has already argued successfully, both to this Court and to the Court of Appeals, that this case does not fall within the jurisdiction of the Immigration and Nationality Act (the “INA”).

The government is correct that this case does not fall under the jurisdiction of the INA. Rather, the Ninth Circuit affirmed that this Court has jurisdiction over Wang’s constitutional claims pursuant to both 28 U.S.C. § 1381 and the Court’s inherent supervisory power to protect government witnesses. Wang v. Reno, 81 F.3d at 820.

The government errs, however, by arguing that the absence of INA jurisdiction prevents the Court from ordering the issuance of immigration documentation. The Court’s inherent power to act as a court of equity, as it did in issuing the permanent injunction in this ease, also provides the basis for the relief here sought by Wang.

“[W]here, as here, the equitable jurisdiction of the court has properly been invoked for injunctive purposes, the court has the power to decide all relevant matters in dispute and to award complete relief....” Porter v. Warner Holding Co., 328 U.S. 395, 399, 66 S.Ct. 1086, 1090, 90 L.Ed. 1332 (1946) (emphasis added). The power to award complete relief includes the power to award ‘“ancillary relief necessary to accomplish complete justice.’” Reebok Int’l, Ltd. v. Mamatech Enter., Inc., 970 F.2d 552, 560 (9th Cir.1992) (quoting FTC v. H.N. Singer, Inc., 668 F.2d 1107, 1113 (9th Cir.1982)).

Lester v. Parker, 235 F.2d 787 (9th Cir.1956) (per curiam), is closely analogous to this case. There, the district court had found that certain Coast Guard regulations had denied the plaintiffs, merchant seamen, of their constitutional right “to seek and obtain private employment in one of the common walks of life.” Id. at 788. Accordingly, the court had issued an injunction enjoining the defendants, Coast Guard officers, “from interfering with the employment of these plaintiffs, and from declining or refusing to take steps to advise shipping companies and unions that these seamen are entitled to employment.” Id. In addition, and pertinent to Wang’s situation, the court’s injunction “direct[ed] the defendants- to issue to these seamen documents showing they may be employed.” Id. at 789.

On appeal, the defendants argued that the portion of the injunction requiring the issuance of emergency employment documents was unenforceable because it (1) granted mandamus relief beyond the district court’s authority, and (2) called for “a validation of documents for emergency service which only the Commandant may grant” and that such relief could not be ordered unless the Commandant were joined as a defendant. Id.

The Ninth Circuit rejected the defendants’ arguments and upheld the district court’s injunction. In so holding, the Ninth Circuit explained:

The court here has done no more than to follow the recognized power of courts of equity in issuing injunctions, to make those injunctions effective by ancillary provisions, in aid of the injunction, which may require the defendant to do something....

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Related

Porter v. Warner Holding Co.
328 U.S. 395 (Supreme Court, 1946)
Lester v. Parker
235 F.2d 787 (Ninth Circuit, 1956)
Wang Zong Xiao v. Reno
837 F. Supp. 1506 (N.D. California, 1993)

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Bluebook (online)
930 F. Supp. 1377, 1996 WL 396180, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wang-zong-xiao-v-reno-cand-1996.