Hiscock, J.
The plaintiffs in this action have attempted to unite in one count of one complaint entirely separate and disconnected causes of action claimed to exist in behalf of entirely separate plaintiffs respectively. .
The complaint purports to set' out as. one cause of action that claimed to- exist in behalf of the plaintiff George H. Gilbert, as administrator, etc., of Justus B.' Pease, under chapter- 314, Laws of 1858, to have set aside certain conveyances made by said Pease of the real estate in question as made in fraud of the rights of creditors.
And said complaint purports to'set forth as another and second. cause of action that claimed to exist in favor of the. above-named other plaintiffs as .children and heirs at law of said . Justus B. Pease, deceased, to have then rights settled and affirmed in said real estate, under sections 1638 to 1650 of the Code of Civil Procedure, as against the. defendants who claim said real estate as children and heirs at law of Harriet' M. Pease, wife of said Justus, under certain conveyances made by him to her.
It is not necessary to consider what the effect would be of thus uniting in one complaint plaintiffs and causes of action so separate and disconnected if such procedure were questioned. Or attacked, for it is not. The only object of referring to- said separate and two-fold causes of action is as preliminary to and bearing upon . the discussion of the grounds of complaint which are urged against plaintiffs’ pleading by way of demurrer.
The defendant Pease upon the argument and by his brief seems to have abandoned the ground of demurrer, urged by him of mis[417]*417joinder or nonjoinder herein as a plaintiff, and I do not regard the demurrer as to be sustained upon that ground; but pass to the other ground of demurrer which is urged by both defendants, viz., that of pendency of another action.
It appeared in substance by the complaint that some time prior to the commencement of this action another action was commenced by the defendant Edgar S. Pease, as plaintiff, against substantially all of the parties to this action as defendants, for partition of the real estate involved in this action, and that in said action the heirs of Harriet' ET. Pease, defendants in that action and in this, did serve an answer which prayed for a partition of said property between the' heirs- of Harriet M. Pease, deceased.
The prior action upon the facts and pleadings as so stated in the complaint in this action would seem to present substantially the same question as to which set of heirs is entitled to said real estate, and the validity of the purported transfer under which the hems at law of the wife claim, as are presented in this action, and there is at least strong foundation in the recent decisions for the proposition here advanced by the demurring defendants, that the court in the action for partition could and would settle adverse interests and claims to the real estate involved. I do not see, however, how the claim of another action pending can be successfully urged as against all that is set out in the complaint herein • As above indicated, this action embraces two entirely distinct causes of action, and although they may be improperly united or although the complaint, as. hereafter suggested, may fail to properly allege those causes of action, I think that plaintiffs are entitled to urge either one of them as against the contention of defendants now being considered. The cause of action attempted to be set up herein in behalf of .the plaintiff Gilbert as administrator, etc., of Justus B, Pease to have certain transfers, of his set aside as fraudulent under the statute above referred to is not in any manner involved in the action pending when this action was commenced. Plaintiffs have a right to rely upon that alleged cause of action for the purpose of defeating this ground of demurrer, and I think it does defeat it.
I now pass to the second ground of demurrer urged by the defendant Howe, namely, that plaintiffs’ complaint fails to state a cause of action.
I think it is very clear that it does fail to state a cause of action in behalf of plaintiff Gilbert.
[418]*418The complaint attacks two conveyances of the land in question, one executed by the deceased Justus B. Pease in 1888, running to the name of the defendant Alida B. Havland, but never delivered down to the time of the death, of said grantor in 1893; the other executed by said same grantor to his wife, Harriet H. Pease, in 1870. It is clear from the allegations of the complaint and prayer for relief that, the first conveyance is and cannot be attacked by the plaintiff Gilbert under the statute above referred to as made in fraud of creditors. The entire basis of the claim against this deed is that it was never by the grantor consummated or delivered at all, but was after his death surreptitioüsly and fraudulently procured by the husband of the grantee named therein and put on. record.
The second deed, as above stated, was executed in 187 6, seventeen years before the death of the grantor. It is alleged that several years after the execution of said deed the defendant Coburn, by virtue of some transactions of the deceased grantor in connection with a trust estate, acquired some lien or other upon the real estate in question; and it is also alleged that there are $1,500 of debts against the estate of said Pease and no personal property with which to pay the same, but there are no allegations any where which indicate any such existence of such debts as would support an inference even, that this conveyance made at. the time it was made was in fraud of the rights of the people now holding such claims.
The sufficiency of the allegations in the complaint of the other cause of action claimed to exist in behalf of the other plaintiffs under section 1638, etc., of the Code, perhaps presents upon the' demurrer thereto a closer question, but it. seems to me that they are not sufficient. . ! !
The complaint alleges under subdivision 1, section 1639, the ,rights of the plaintiffs to the real property in question, and then under subdivision % of said section, in the first instance, their possession thereof in form which very likely would be sufficient, but after making the general allegations intended to comply with the requirements of the section of the Code, the complaint sets forth other facts and details which seem to me to not only impair the first allegations of possession, but to show that at the time when this action was commenced plaintiffs had not such possession for such length of timé as was necessary .to entitle them to maintain the action.
[419]*419After making the general allegation of possession above referred to the complaint alleges in folio 21, “ That said defendant James ' Spencer is the person in occupancy at the present time of said premises and is a tenant at sufferance thereof,” there being no allegation as to who is to be deemed his landlord.
The complaint then further alleges in substance at folio 24, etc., that in the prior action, brought by the defendant Edgar S. Pease for the partition of the real estate in question and hereinbefore referred to, “ a temporary receiver has been appointed pursuant to section 114 of the Code of Civil Procedure by an order of said court in said action on an ex parte
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Hiscock, J.
The plaintiffs in this action have attempted to unite in one count of one complaint entirely separate and disconnected causes of action claimed to exist in behalf of entirely separate plaintiffs respectively. .
The complaint purports to set' out as. one cause of action that claimed to- exist in behalf of the plaintiff George H. Gilbert, as administrator, etc., of Justus B.' Pease, under chapter- 314, Laws of 1858, to have set aside certain conveyances made by said Pease of the real estate in question as made in fraud of the rights of creditors.
And said complaint purports to'set forth as another and second. cause of action that claimed to exist in favor of the. above-named other plaintiffs as .children and heirs at law of said . Justus B. Pease, deceased, to have then rights settled and affirmed in said real estate, under sections 1638 to 1650 of the Code of Civil Procedure, as against the. defendants who claim said real estate as children and heirs at law of Harriet' M. Pease, wife of said Justus, under certain conveyances made by him to her.
It is not necessary to consider what the effect would be of thus uniting in one complaint plaintiffs and causes of action so separate and disconnected if such procedure were questioned. Or attacked, for it is not. The only object of referring to- said separate and two-fold causes of action is as preliminary to and bearing upon . the discussion of the grounds of complaint which are urged against plaintiffs’ pleading by way of demurrer.
The defendant Pease upon the argument and by his brief seems to have abandoned the ground of demurrer, urged by him of mis[417]*417joinder or nonjoinder herein as a plaintiff, and I do not regard the demurrer as to be sustained upon that ground; but pass to the other ground of demurrer which is urged by both defendants, viz., that of pendency of another action.
It appeared in substance by the complaint that some time prior to the commencement of this action another action was commenced by the defendant Edgar S. Pease, as plaintiff, against substantially all of the parties to this action as defendants, for partition of the real estate involved in this action, and that in said action the heirs of Harriet' ET. Pease, defendants in that action and in this, did serve an answer which prayed for a partition of said property between the' heirs- of Harriet M. Pease, deceased.
The prior action upon the facts and pleadings as so stated in the complaint in this action would seem to present substantially the same question as to which set of heirs is entitled to said real estate, and the validity of the purported transfer under which the hems at law of the wife claim, as are presented in this action, and there is at least strong foundation in the recent decisions for the proposition here advanced by the demurring defendants, that the court in the action for partition could and would settle adverse interests and claims to the real estate involved. I do not see, however, how the claim of another action pending can be successfully urged as against all that is set out in the complaint herein • As above indicated, this action embraces two entirely distinct causes of action, and although they may be improperly united or although the complaint, as. hereafter suggested, may fail to properly allege those causes of action, I think that plaintiffs are entitled to urge either one of them as against the contention of defendants now being considered. The cause of action attempted to be set up herein in behalf of .the plaintiff Gilbert as administrator, etc., of Justus B, Pease to have certain transfers, of his set aside as fraudulent under the statute above referred to is not in any manner involved in the action pending when this action was commenced. Plaintiffs have a right to rely upon that alleged cause of action for the purpose of defeating this ground of demurrer, and I think it does defeat it.
I now pass to the second ground of demurrer urged by the defendant Howe, namely, that plaintiffs’ complaint fails to state a cause of action.
I think it is very clear that it does fail to state a cause of action in behalf of plaintiff Gilbert.
[418]*418The complaint attacks two conveyances of the land in question, one executed by the deceased Justus B. Pease in 1888, running to the name of the defendant Alida B. Havland, but never delivered down to the time of the death, of said grantor in 1893; the other executed by said same grantor to his wife, Harriet H. Pease, in 1870. It is clear from the allegations of the complaint and prayer for relief that, the first conveyance is and cannot be attacked by the plaintiff Gilbert under the statute above referred to as made in fraud of creditors. The entire basis of the claim against this deed is that it was never by the grantor consummated or delivered at all, but was after his death surreptitioüsly and fraudulently procured by the husband of the grantee named therein and put on. record.
The second deed, as above stated, was executed in 187 6, seventeen years before the death of the grantor. It is alleged that several years after the execution of said deed the defendant Coburn, by virtue of some transactions of the deceased grantor in connection with a trust estate, acquired some lien or other upon the real estate in question; and it is also alleged that there are $1,500 of debts against the estate of said Pease and no personal property with which to pay the same, but there are no allegations any where which indicate any such existence of such debts as would support an inference even, that this conveyance made at. the time it was made was in fraud of the rights of the people now holding such claims.
The sufficiency of the allegations in the complaint of the other cause of action claimed to exist in behalf of the other plaintiffs under section 1638, etc., of the Code, perhaps presents upon the' demurrer thereto a closer question, but it. seems to me that they are not sufficient. . ! !
The complaint alleges under subdivision 1, section 1639, the ,rights of the plaintiffs to the real property in question, and then under subdivision % of said section, in the first instance, their possession thereof in form which very likely would be sufficient, but after making the general allegations intended to comply with the requirements of the section of the Code, the complaint sets forth other facts and details which seem to me to not only impair the first allegations of possession, but to show that at the time when this action was commenced plaintiffs had not such possession for such length of timé as was necessary .to entitle them to maintain the action.
[419]*419After making the general allegation of possession above referred to the complaint alleges in folio 21, “ That said defendant James ' Spencer is the person in occupancy at the present time of said premises and is a tenant at sufferance thereof,” there being no allegation as to who is to be deemed his landlord.
The complaint then further alleges in substance at folio 24, etc., that in the prior action, brought by the defendant Edgar S. Pease for the partition of the real estate in question and hereinbefore referred to, “ a temporary receiver has been appointed pursuant to section 114 of the Code of Civil Procedure by an order of said court in said action on an ex parte application of the plaintiffs therein and without notice to any of the defendants therein, to collect the rents and income of said real estate; ” and in the.prayer for judgment asks that it be provided “that said receiver appointed-in said action account and pay over to the receiver appointed in this action all money and property of every name and nature so held by him as such receiver.” We have it, therefore, appearing by this complaint in opposition to and contradiction of the genera] allegations of possession by plaintiffs, that at the time when this action was commenced the premises were in the actual occupation of a tenant, his landlord not being stated; that also prior to the time when this action was commenced a receiver had been appointed in said other action to collect the rents of said property, and as inference certainly from the prayer thereof that he account, that he had been and was collecting said rents.
The complaint is specific in alleging that such receiver was appointed under section 114, which by relation to section 113 permits the appointment of such receiver only where the property in question is in the possession of an adverse party. In the action brought by Pease, in view of the answer served by the heirs of the wife alleging their rights, it would not be a violent presumption to assume that they were and could be the only adverse parties in that suit, and that, therefore, the appointment of this receiver was presumably upon' the ground that the property in question was in their possession. But independent of pursuing the reasoning to - that extent, it does fairly appear from the allegations of the complaint that a receiver in such prior action is in possession of this property for the purpose of collecting its rents and income. ' He is there as the officer of the court for the benefit undoubtedly of whoever shall ultimately become entitled to- the property coming into his possession. . But at the present time he certainly cannot be • [420]*420said to be in such'possession as the tenant or representative, or agent of these plaintiffs. He is not in any way subject to their control. They cannot dictate to him what he shall "do or "compel. him tó alter his possession or rights by discharging one tenant, for instance, and taking another one; ' Under these circumstances I do not think that it can be said that the plaintiffs when they.brought this action had that possession of the lands which was' contemplated and required by the • provisions under which they are attempting to proceed., It is too well settled to permit discussion that when plaintiffs seek to avail themselves of a statutory action like this, .they must strictly and substantially comply with the provisions of the statute ■ under which they are seeking to act, and there is no question but what the provisions of the section in ques- . tion imposed upon plaintiffs the necessity of clearly, strictly and fully showing a possession such as is provided for and specified by section 103 9.
It is true that this section has been so amended ás to substitute for the words formerly employed, “ actual possession,” the. word “possession,” but I do not believe that such amendment helps plaintiffs in this action. The object and intent of that change has-been adjudicated in King v. Townshend, 78 Hun, 380, 387. It was there held that Such object was to permit a party to bring a suit of tliis nature where he was in possession by a tenant rather than in the actual physical possession himself. If I am- right in my View that there is a receiver in possession of this property, and that he cannot be said to be the tenant of plaintiffs, this amendment does not help them.
It is true that plaintiffs allege in connection- with the appointment of this receiver that it was without júrisdiction, etc. But. those allegations seem to be in'the nature of mere conclusions which will not overturn actual facts stated in the complaint, and the ordinary presumption iii favor of the jurisdiction and legality of action of a court of record.. " .
■ As indicated by that already said,. I do" not regard the demurrer to the complaint upon the ground cf ánother action pending as inconsistent with and destructive of the other ground of demurrer U-rgod, the insufficiency of the complaint.
In accordance with these views, the demurrer of the defendant Pease should be overruled and disallowed, and, that of the defendant Howe sustained upon the ground last stated, and formal de- . cisión and interlocutory judgment may be prepared and signed m [421]*421accordance therewith,' and in the usual form provide that the demurrer of the defendant Pease be overruled, with $25 costs to plaintiffs, and with the privilege to said defendant of .answering herein within twenty days after service of notice of entry of' said judgment upon payment of such costs; and that the demurrer of the defendant Howe be allowed and sustained upon the" ground that said complaint does not state facts, sufficient to constitute a cause of action, with $25 costs, and with leave to plaintiffs at any time within twenty days. after service of notice of entry of said judgment and upon payment of said costs to serve an amended complaint herein..
Ordered accordingly.