1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 WAYNE D. WADDELL, Case No.: 1:19-cv-0789 JLT SKO 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO DIMISS WITH LEAVE TO AMEND 13 v. (Doc. 50) 14 CONRAD V. MEYER, Acting Director, Army Board for Correction of Military 15 Records,
16 Defendant. 17 18 I. INTRODUCTION 19 Wayne Waddell initiated this action for judicial review of decisions made by the 20 Department of the Army’s Board for Correction and Military Regards (“ABCMR”), which denied 21 his request for an Air Medal and refused his requests for reconsideration. (See Doc. 2 at 5; Doc. 22 23 at 4; Doc. 42-1.) Before the Court for decision is Defendant’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s 23 first amended complaint. For the reasons set forth below, the motion is GRANTED, but Plaintiff 24 will be afforded leave to amend his complaint. 25 II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY 26 The initial Complaint (Doc. 1) was served upon Defendant (Docs. 18, 19) in October 27 2019. Thereafter, Defendant moved to dismiss the action as time-barred and for failure to state a 28 claim. (Doc. 24.) Defendant argued that pursuant to 28 U.S.C § 2401(a), Plaintiff was required to 1 bring a civil action within six years of the accrual of his claim, and because the decisions Plaintiff 2 sought to challenge from the Board were issued in 2010 and 2011, the action was untimely. (Id. at 3 24-1 at 2-3.) In addition, Defendant asserted Plaintiff failed to state a claim because he did not 4 allege the Board’s decisions were arbitrary and capricious in violation of the Administrative 5 Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 701–706, or allege facts supporting such a conclusion. (Id. at 3.) 6 Plaintiff failed to file a response to the motion to dismiss, and the Court granted the motion 7 “based on plaintiff’s lack of response to the pending motion.” (Doc. 29 at 2.) Noting Plaintiff was 8 proceeding pro se and the complaint included “some suggestion of grounds for contesting 9 defendant’s position,” the Court dismissed the complaint without prejudice on May 4, 2020. (Id. 10 at 2.) 11 On May 6, 2020, the Court received a request from Plaintiff that the Court not dismiss his 12 complaint, but instead wait for further decision by the relevant agency. (See Doc. 32 at 2.) The 13 Court noted the attached exhibits indicated Plaintiff filed an appeal of the decisions with the 14 agency. (Doc. 31.) Therefore, the Court set aside its dismissal order, noting it “was based purely 15 upon [the] failure to respond.” (Doc. 32 at 2.) In addition, the Court provided Defendant fourteen 16 days to respond to the request made by Plaintiff and indicated agreeing to a stay may be done 17 “without waiving any substantive right or argument to the merit of plaintiff’s claim(s).” (Id.) 18 After Defendant indicated there was no objection to a stay, the Court stayed the matter until 19 Plaintiff received a final determination on his motion for reconsideration submitted to ABCMR. 20 (Doc. 35.) 21 On January 10, 2021, Defendant filed a status report, indicating that ABCMR had denied 22 Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration on November 30, 2021. (Doc. 42.) A copy of the written 23 decision was also provided to the Court. (Doc. 42-1.) Thereafter, the Court lifted the stay and 24 ordered Defendant to file a responsive pleading. (Doc. 44.) 25 On February 25, 2022, Defendant filed another motion to dismiss. (Doc. 46.) On March 26 23, 2022, Plaintiff filed his FAC (Doc. 48), which Defendant concedes mooted the February 25 27 motion to dismiss (see Doc. 50-1 at 2). 28 On March 30, 2022, Defendant filed its third motion to dismiss and set that motion for 1 hearing on May 12, 2022. (Doc. 50.) Thereafter, the Court issued a minute order explaining that 2 the matter would be decided on the papers and that the deadlines for filing any opposition or reply 3 would be governed by Local Rule 230. (Doc. 51.) On May 12, 2022, Plaintiff filed an untimely 4 document entitled “Final Brief Amended Complaint Opposition to Motion to Dismiss.” (Doc. 5 52.) Though this document was untimely, the Court has read and considered it in an abundance of 6 caution. 7 III. LEGAL STANDARDS 8 A. General Motion to Dismiss Standard 9 A motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) “tests the legal sufficiency” of the claims 10 asserted in the complaint. Navarro v. Block, 250 F.3d 729, 732 (9th Cir. 2001). The court must 11 accept all factual allegations pleaded in the complaint as true and must construe them, and draw 12 all reasonable inferences from them, in favor of the nonmoving party. Cahill v. Liberty Mut. Ins. 13 Co., 80 F.3d 336, 337–38 (9th Cir. 1996). To avoid a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal, a complaint need 14 not contain detailed factual allegations; rather, it must plead “enough facts to state a claim for 15 relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). “A 16 claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the courts to 17 draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. 18 Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). 19 B. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 20 “A complaint having the factual elements of a cause of action scattered throughout the 21 complaint and not organized into a ‘short and plain statement of the claim’ may be dismissed for 22 failure to satisfy Rule 8(a).” Saunders v. Saunders, No. CV 1–05–0699–RCC, 2009 WL 382922, 23 at *2 (E.D. Cal., Feb. 13, 2009). Thus, a court may dismiss a complaint for failure to comply with 24 Rule 8(a) if it is “verbose, confusing and conclusory.” Nevijel v. N. Coast Life, 651 F.2d 671, 674 25 (9th Cir. 1981). Though a federal court is charged with liberally construing a complaint filed by a 26 pro se litigant to allow the development of a potentially meritorious case, the requirement of 27 liberal construction does not mean that the court can ignore a clear failure to allege facts that set 28 forth a cognizable claim under Rule 8(a)(2). See Segal v. Segel, No. 20-cv-1382, 2022 WL 1 198699, at *6 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 21, 2022). Though the federal pleading standard does not require 2 detailed factual allegations, it “demands more than an unadorned, the defendant-unlawfully- 3 harmed-me accusation.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. This pleading requirement is intended to “give 4 the defendant “fair notice” of what the plaintiff’s claim is and the grounds upon which it rests. 5 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. 6 C. The Administrative Procedure Act 7 Judicial review of a decision of an administrative agency is governed by the APA, 8 pursuant to which a court shall 9 (1) compel agency action unlawfully withheld or unreasonably delayed; and 10 (2) hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and 11 conclusions found to be— 12 (A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; 13 (B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or 14 immunity; 15 (C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short of statutory right; [or] 16 (D) without observance of procedure required by law[.] 17 18 5 U.S.C.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 WAYNE D. WADDELL, Case No.: 1:19-cv-0789 JLT SKO 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO DIMISS WITH LEAVE TO AMEND 13 v. (Doc. 50) 14 CONRAD V. MEYER, Acting Director, Army Board for Correction of Military 15 Records,
16 Defendant. 17 18 I. INTRODUCTION 19 Wayne Waddell initiated this action for judicial review of decisions made by the 20 Department of the Army’s Board for Correction and Military Regards (“ABCMR”), which denied 21 his request for an Air Medal and refused his requests for reconsideration. (See Doc. 2 at 5; Doc. 22 23 at 4; Doc. 42-1.) Before the Court for decision is Defendant’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s 23 first amended complaint. For the reasons set forth below, the motion is GRANTED, but Plaintiff 24 will be afforded leave to amend his complaint. 25 II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY 26 The initial Complaint (Doc. 1) was served upon Defendant (Docs. 18, 19) in October 27 2019. Thereafter, Defendant moved to dismiss the action as time-barred and for failure to state a 28 claim. (Doc. 24.) Defendant argued that pursuant to 28 U.S.C § 2401(a), Plaintiff was required to 1 bring a civil action within six years of the accrual of his claim, and because the decisions Plaintiff 2 sought to challenge from the Board were issued in 2010 and 2011, the action was untimely. (Id. at 3 24-1 at 2-3.) In addition, Defendant asserted Plaintiff failed to state a claim because he did not 4 allege the Board’s decisions were arbitrary and capricious in violation of the Administrative 5 Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 701–706, or allege facts supporting such a conclusion. (Id. at 3.) 6 Plaintiff failed to file a response to the motion to dismiss, and the Court granted the motion 7 “based on plaintiff’s lack of response to the pending motion.” (Doc. 29 at 2.) Noting Plaintiff was 8 proceeding pro se and the complaint included “some suggestion of grounds for contesting 9 defendant’s position,” the Court dismissed the complaint without prejudice on May 4, 2020. (Id. 10 at 2.) 11 On May 6, 2020, the Court received a request from Plaintiff that the Court not dismiss his 12 complaint, but instead wait for further decision by the relevant agency. (See Doc. 32 at 2.) The 13 Court noted the attached exhibits indicated Plaintiff filed an appeal of the decisions with the 14 agency. (Doc. 31.) Therefore, the Court set aside its dismissal order, noting it “was based purely 15 upon [the] failure to respond.” (Doc. 32 at 2.) In addition, the Court provided Defendant fourteen 16 days to respond to the request made by Plaintiff and indicated agreeing to a stay may be done 17 “without waiving any substantive right or argument to the merit of plaintiff’s claim(s).” (Id.) 18 After Defendant indicated there was no objection to a stay, the Court stayed the matter until 19 Plaintiff received a final determination on his motion for reconsideration submitted to ABCMR. 20 (Doc. 35.) 21 On January 10, 2021, Defendant filed a status report, indicating that ABCMR had denied 22 Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration on November 30, 2021. (Doc. 42.) A copy of the written 23 decision was also provided to the Court. (Doc. 42-1.) Thereafter, the Court lifted the stay and 24 ordered Defendant to file a responsive pleading. (Doc. 44.) 25 On February 25, 2022, Defendant filed another motion to dismiss. (Doc. 46.) On March 26 23, 2022, Plaintiff filed his FAC (Doc. 48), which Defendant concedes mooted the February 25 27 motion to dismiss (see Doc. 50-1 at 2). 28 On March 30, 2022, Defendant filed its third motion to dismiss and set that motion for 1 hearing on May 12, 2022. (Doc. 50.) Thereafter, the Court issued a minute order explaining that 2 the matter would be decided on the papers and that the deadlines for filing any opposition or reply 3 would be governed by Local Rule 230. (Doc. 51.) On May 12, 2022, Plaintiff filed an untimely 4 document entitled “Final Brief Amended Complaint Opposition to Motion to Dismiss.” (Doc. 5 52.) Though this document was untimely, the Court has read and considered it in an abundance of 6 caution. 7 III. LEGAL STANDARDS 8 A. General Motion to Dismiss Standard 9 A motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) “tests the legal sufficiency” of the claims 10 asserted in the complaint. Navarro v. Block, 250 F.3d 729, 732 (9th Cir. 2001). The court must 11 accept all factual allegations pleaded in the complaint as true and must construe them, and draw 12 all reasonable inferences from them, in favor of the nonmoving party. Cahill v. Liberty Mut. Ins. 13 Co., 80 F.3d 336, 337–38 (9th Cir. 1996). To avoid a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal, a complaint need 14 not contain detailed factual allegations; rather, it must plead “enough facts to state a claim for 15 relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). “A 16 claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the courts to 17 draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. 18 Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). 19 B. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 20 “A complaint having the factual elements of a cause of action scattered throughout the 21 complaint and not organized into a ‘short and plain statement of the claim’ may be dismissed for 22 failure to satisfy Rule 8(a).” Saunders v. Saunders, No. CV 1–05–0699–RCC, 2009 WL 382922, 23 at *2 (E.D. Cal., Feb. 13, 2009). Thus, a court may dismiss a complaint for failure to comply with 24 Rule 8(a) if it is “verbose, confusing and conclusory.” Nevijel v. N. Coast Life, 651 F.2d 671, 674 25 (9th Cir. 1981). Though a federal court is charged with liberally construing a complaint filed by a 26 pro se litigant to allow the development of a potentially meritorious case, the requirement of 27 liberal construction does not mean that the court can ignore a clear failure to allege facts that set 28 forth a cognizable claim under Rule 8(a)(2). See Segal v. Segel, No. 20-cv-1382, 2022 WL 1 198699, at *6 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 21, 2022). Though the federal pleading standard does not require 2 detailed factual allegations, it “demands more than an unadorned, the defendant-unlawfully- 3 harmed-me accusation.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. This pleading requirement is intended to “give 4 the defendant “fair notice” of what the plaintiff’s claim is and the grounds upon which it rests. 5 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. 6 C. The Administrative Procedure Act 7 Judicial review of a decision of an administrative agency is governed by the APA, 8 pursuant to which a court shall 9 (1) compel agency action unlawfully withheld or unreasonably delayed; and 10 (2) hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and 11 conclusions found to be— 12 (A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; 13 (B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or 14 immunity; 15 (C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short of statutory right; [or] 16 (D) without observance of procedure required by law[.] 17 18 5 U.S.C. § 706. “A district court reviews an ABCMR decision to determine if it is arbitrary, 19 capricious or unsupported by substantial evidence.” Burns v. Marsh, 820 F.2d 1108, 1110 (9th 20 Cir. 1987); see also, e.g., Dibble v. Fenimore, 545 F.3d 208, 216 (2d Cir. 2008) (“[R]ulings of a 21 Board for the Correction of Military Records can be set aside only if they are arbitrary, 22 capricious, or unsupported by substantial evidence.”) (citations omitted). In determining whether 23 an ABCMR decision was arbitrary or capricious, “a court may not assess the wisdom of an 24 agency’s choice; inquiry is limited instead to whether the Board has made a clear error of 25 judgment.” Dibble, 545 F.3d at 216 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). “An agency 26 decision is arbitrary and capricious ‘if the agency has relied on factors which Congress has not 27 intended it to consider, entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem, offered an 28 explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence before the agency, or is so 1 implausible that it could not be ascribed to a difference in view or the product of agency 2 expertise.’ ” Nw. Envt’l Defense Ctr. v. Bonneville Power Admin., 477 F.3d 668, 687 (9th Cir. 3 2007) (quoting Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 4 (1983)). “The deference that courts must show the agency’s decision increases when . . . the 5 decision involves a military context.” Dibble, 545 F.3d at 216. Decisions of a military correction 6 board are reviewed under an “unusually deferential application of the ‘arbitrary and capricious' 7 standard” of the APA. Musengo v. White, 286 F.3d 535, 538 (D.C. Cir. 2002)). “All that is 8 required is that the Board’s decision minimally contain a rational connection between the facts 9 found and the choice made.” Frizelle v. Slater, 111 F.3d 172, 176 (D.C. Cir. 1997). 10 IV. DISCUSSION 11 Defendant argues generally that the FAC fails to contain a “short and plain” statement of 12 the case as is required by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8. (Doc. 50 at 4.) More specifically, 13 Defendant argues that the Complaint “consists of a confusing and unnumbered narrative” that 14 fails to explain “why the [ABCMR’s] November 30, 2022 order denying [Plaintiff’s] motion for 15 reconsideration is arbitrary and capricious.” (Id.) 16 The Court agrees with Defendant. The FAC, while not overly lengthy or complex, does 17 not make plain exactly which aspects of the ABCMR’s decision Plaintiff contends are unlawful 18 and why. As set forth above, in light of the standards set forth in the APA, this Court must apply 19 a deferential standard of review to any ABCMR decision. The Court can glean some 20 understanding of Plaintiff’s concerns about the ABCMR’s reasoning from the FAC and other 21 parts of the record. For example, the ABCMR decision concludes that there was “no evidence in 22 the available records that provides an accounting of [Plaintiff’s] flying time and missions” and as 23 a result “it would be purely speculative to conclude that the applicant met the criteria for an Air 24 Medal.” (Doc. 42-1 at 8 (AR20200006433).) Yet, as the FAC points out, there appear to be 25 declarations in the record that provide specific information indicating that Plaintiff accrued a 26 significant number of flight hours. (Doc. 48 at 5 (FAC lines 95–105).) But there are many aspects 27 of Plaintiff’s apparent APA claim that remain confusing. He refers to missing records, but it is 28 unclear how the absence of these records relates to any possible APA claim against the ABCMR. 1 | Cd. at 3.) He further suggests that his immediate command failed to properly supervise him and 2 | committed “administration crimes” possibly in relation to his missing records. (/d.) Again, it is 3 | not clear how any such failures demonstrate why the ABCMR’s decision was arbitrary and 4 | capricious. Accordingly, the Court will grant Defendants’ motion to dismiss the FAC for failure 5 | to comply with Rule 8. However, the Court is unable to conclude at this time that amendment 6 | would be futile, so Plaintiff will be afforded one final opportunity to amend his complaint. 7 | Before doing so, Plaintiff should carefully consider the legal authorities the Court has provided 8 | above. Any amended complaint should attempt to plainly and directly explain the basis for 9 | Plaintiff's challenge to the ABCMR’s decision. 10 V. CONCLUSION AND ORDER 11 For the reasons set forth above: 12 (1) Defendant’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 50) is GRANTED. 13 (2) On or before November 2, 2022, Plaintiff may file an amended complaint 14 that complies with the instructions herein. Plaintiff is warned that failure to 15 timely file an amended complaint may result in summary dismissal of this 16 case further notice. 17 18 IT IS SO ORDERED. 19 | Dated: _September 4, 2022 Charis [Tourn TED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28