Wachtel v. Western Sizzlin Corp.

986 S.W.2d 2, 1998 Tenn. App. LEXIS 434
CourtCourt of Appeals of Tennessee
DecidedJuly 1, 1998
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 986 S.W.2d 2 (Wachtel v. Western Sizzlin Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Tennessee primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wachtel v. Western Sizzlin Corp., 986 S.W.2d 2, 1998 Tenn. App. LEXIS 434 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinions

OPINION

BEN H. CANTRELL, Judge.

This breach of contract case is before us on a Rule 54.02, Tenn. R. Civ. Proc. appeal. The only question for our decision is whether the trial court erred in granting the defendant’s motion for partial summary judgment on the plaintiffs claim for certain consequential damages arising from the defendant’s breach of contract. We reverse the trial court.

I. Facts and Prior Proceedings

The plaintiff, David K. Waehtel, Jr., is an experienced restaurant executive, who had been the President of Shoney’s, and the President and C.E.O. of the O’Charley’s restaurant chain. Mr. Waehtel was also the sole owner of Restaurant Management Services, Inc. (RMS), a former franchisee of restaurants operated as part of the Western Sizzlin chain of steakhouses. In 1992, Western Siz-[4]*4zlin’s parent company, Western Sizzlin, Inc. (WSI) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Restaurant Management Services was a secured creditor of WSI, and Mr. Wachtel sponsored a reorganization plan that enabled him to settle the claims of RMS for cash plus stock in WSI’s successor corporation. This corporation was initially called Franchisee Acquisition Corporation, but the name was later changed to Western Sizzlin Corporation (WSC).

The reorganization plan involved changes in the structure of the franchisor, designed to enable it to go public within five years. Mr. Wachtel proposed that the company make itself attractive to the financial markets by creating a profitable core of company-operated franchises in geographically concentrated areas, a tactic that he had successfully pursued in toning O’Charley’s into a publicly-owned company.

After extensive negotiations, Mr. Wachtel and Franchisee Acquisition Corporation agreed on an employment contact, which the parties signed on November 11, 1993. The agreement provided that Wachtel was to become the President and CEO of the reorganized company for five years, and to receive a base annual salary, annual cost of living increases, and an annual bonus equaling 3.5% of the corporation’s pretax operating income. On the same day that the employment contract was signed, the Board of Directors instructed Mr. Wachtel to carry out the reorganization plan, with the ultimate goal of offering the company’s stock to the public.

We note that a considerable part of the employment agreement deals with the consequences of its premature termination. Paragraph 7 sets out the company’s financial obligations if David Wachtel were to die or become disabled during the course of the contract. Paragraph 8 provides that aside from death or disability, Mr. Wachtel can only be terminated prior to completion of five years for “cause,” a term that is defined in some detail. Paragraph 9 gives Wachtel the right to terminate his obligations under the contract, and to receive specified compensation, in the event of a change in control of the company.

On February 28, 1995, WSC’s Board of Directors fired Wachtel as President and CEO. They purportedly did not give their reasons at that time, but in a counterclaim they alleged that they were compelled to take this action because of Waehtel’s refusal to abide by the decisions of the Board of Directors, and because he followed a consistent course of action calculated to benefit him personally, but which was detrimental to the company and its other shareholders.

They also claimed that after his termination, Mr. Wachtel, a multi-millionaire in his own right, vowed to destroy the company through litigation. Mr. Wachtel denied that he was acting out of any such motive. While we have no way to evaluate the defendant’s allegation, we note that the record on appeal includes five boxes, containing thirteen volumes of the transcript of the record, and literally hundreds of exhibits, far more documentation than is needed to resolve the single interlocutory issue before us. The Designation of the Record on Appeal, which lists the items Mr. Wachtel asked to be included in the record, itself runs over six legal-sized pages.

On March 13, 1995, David Wachtel filed the instant suit against WSC for breach of the employment contract. Pie later added a claim for $8.5 million in special damages, arguing that the abandonment of the plan to bring WSC public had cost him this sum in potential profits on his stock entitlements.

On March 27, 1997, the defendant filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on the claim for special damages. The defendant advanced three arguments in support of its motion: (1) that the termination of Mr. Wachtel had actually been for cause, and that his recovery therefore had to be limited to the amount specified in Paragraph 8 of the employment contract, (2) that the gravaman of his injury was the loss of the potential increase in value of the WSC stock he owned, and that a derivative shareholder’s suit was therefore his sole legitimate avenue of recovery, and (3) that his damages were so remote and speculative as to be unprovable, and were therefore unrecoverable.

The trial court granted partial summary judgment to the defendant on June 4, 1997, [5]*5and dismissed the claim for special damages. The court did not specify which of the defendant’s three arguments was (or were) persuasive. Finding no just reason for delay, the court subsequently granted the plaintiffs motion for entry of its order as a final judgment pursuant to Rule 54.02 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure, thus setting the stage for this appeal. The Court stayed all further proceedings pending this court’s resolution of the appeal.

II.The “For Cause” Issue

Although one of the grounds on which the company moved for summary judgment in the trial court was that it terminated Mr. Waehtel for cause, that issue is not pressed on appeal. Mr. Waehtel, on the other hand, insists that he was terminated without cause.

About the best we can do on this issue is to recognize that the facts in the record are in dispute. Thus, this question is left open for final resolution in the trial court.

III.The Derivative Suit Issue

The company insists that the trial court could have dismissed the claim for special damages on the ground that Mr. Wach-tel’s claims are identical to those of all the other Western Sizzlin shareholders. It reasons that his damages are only for the loss of the potential increase in value of his shares in the company, and that, therefore, his remedy is to bring a shareholder’s derivative action on behalf of the company and all its shareholders. Mr. Wachtel’s reply is that his claim is based on an employment contract under which the company had a special duty to him, a duty not owed to any other shareholder.

On this issue we think Mr. Waehtel is correct. “Stockholders may bring an action individually to recover for an injury done directly to them distinct from that incurred by the corporation and arising out of a special duty owed to the shareholders by the wrongdoer.” Hadden v. City of Gatlinburg, 746 S.W.2d 687 (Tenn.1988). In this case the wrongdoer is the corporation itself, but that fact does not change the general rule. Nor does the fact that the other shareholders may have suffered the same harm in proportion to the number of shares they owned. The cause of action for the other shareholders would be against the directors for violating their fiduciary duty to take the corporation public.

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Bluebook (online)
986 S.W.2d 2, 1998 Tenn. App. LEXIS 434, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wachtel-v-western-sizzlin-corp-tennctapp-1998.