AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed August 4, 2022
S In the Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-20-01088-CV
VIVIAN O. TAYLOR, Appellant V. CHARLES E. TAYLOR, Appellee
On Appeal from the 330th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DF-19-21619
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Myers, Carlyle, and Goldstein Opinion by Justice Carlyle Appellant Vivian Taylor challenges the trial court’s judgment granting a
divorce to appellee and petitioner below Charles Taylor. Both parties appeared pro
se below and before this court, and only appellant has filed a brief in this court.1 We
affirm. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
Appellant first filed a brief on September 20, 2021, pursuant to this court’s
order, granting a third extension for doing so. On September 24, 2021, the Clerk of
1 When an appellee fails to file an appellate brief, we review the merits of appellant’s issues to determine whether reversal is appropriate. An appellee’s failure to file a brief does not entitle appellant to automatic reversal. See Yeater v. H-Town Towing LLC, 605 S.W.3d 729, 731 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2020, no pet.). the Court sent appellant a letter, informing appellant that the brief failed to comply
with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure in several specific respects, including
failing to appropriately cite either the record or authorities. See TEX. R. APP. P.
38.1(i). Appellant filed a corrected brief, but added little in the way of record citation
or reference to applicable legal authorities. We then ordered the case submitted
without oral argument.
Texas law recognizes the right for civil litigants to proceed on their own behalf
in court, pro se. Bolling v. Farmers Branch ISD, 315 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex. App.—
Dallas 2010, no pet.). That said, we hold pro se litigants to the same standards for
pleading, briefing, and procedure as we do lawyers. See Mansfield State Bank v.
Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184–85 (Tex. 1978); Washington v. Bank of N.Y., 362
S.W.3d 853, 854 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.). This includes following the
appellate rules for briefing appeals to this court, and though we do not require rigid
adherence regarding the form of a brief, we examine briefs closely for compliance
with rules governing briefs’ contents. Hammonds v. Dallas Cty., No. 05-18-01433-
CV, 2020 WL 948383, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 27, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.).
To do otherwise would give pro se litigants an unfair advantage over litigants
represented by counsel. We liberally construe pro se pleadings and briefs.
Washington, 362 S.W.3d at 854.
Appellant first claims she did not receive “proper notice regarding hearings”
or access to “virtual hearings and documents timely.” The appellate record consists
–2– of one Reporter’s Record volume of the final trial hearing, at which both parties were
present; a Clerk’s Record; and a Supplemental Clerk’s Record. This court informed
appellant, in its September 14, 2021 order granting her third motion for extension of
time to file the brief, that she could move to supplement the reporter’s record with
transcripts for additional hearings—something she claimed to have been trying to do
in each of her motions for extension of time to file the opening brief. Appellant did
not move to supplement the record with transcripts, nor has she provided any
indication that a court reporter was present to transcribe a hearing other than the final
trial. See generally TEX. R. APP. P. 34.6. The record includes the court’s May 3, 2021
order directing the 330th Judicial District Court’s Official Court Reporter “to file the
reporter’s record.” The reporter subsequently filed the single volume reporter’s
record with a standard certification.2
Further, appellant’s factual statement and argument as to this issue rely almost
entirely on documents she has attached to her brief that are not otherwise in the
appellate record, and we may not consider them. Burke v. Insurance Auto Auctions
Corp., 169 S.W.3d 771, 775 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, pet. denied). Also, Appellant
2 When filing the record, the court reporter certified as follows: I, Francheska Duffey, Official Court Reporter in and for the 330th District Court of Dallas County, State of Texas, do hereby certify that the above and foregoing contains a true and correct transcription of all portions of evidence and other proceedings requested in writing by counsel for the parties to be included in this volume of the Reporter’s Record, in the above-styled and -numbered cause, all of which occurred in open court or in chambers and were reported by me. I further certify that this Reporter’s Record of the proceedings truly and correctly reflects the exhibits, if any, admitted by the respective parties. –3– has provided no record support for the allegations regarding electronic access. And
as noted, appellant’s corrected brief includes reference to scant relevant legal
authorities. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i) (appellant’s brief “must contain a clear and
concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities
and to the record”). The brief still fails to meet even the basic requirements for citing
relevant legal authority. For these reasons, we conclude appellant presents nothing
for our review by the first issue. See Burke, 169 S.W.3d at 775; Hammonds, 2020
WL 948383, at *2.
We consider appellant’s issue in the interests of justice. The appellate record
does not support appellant’s allegations that she was not present for two of the eight
hearings in this case, nor does it support her allegation that she was not given
reasonable notice to hearings or access to virtual proceedings.3 Appellant fails to
explain why, assuming she was only present or got notice for two of eight pretrial
hearings, this prejudiced her or how it affected the trial court’s decision to grant the
divorce and split the community property the way it did. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1
(“No judgment may be reversed on appeal on the ground that the trial court made an
error of law unless the court of appeals concludes that the error complained of: (1)
probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment; or (2) probably prevented
the appellant from properly presenting the case to the court of appeals.”).
3 Again, to the extent any of the documents appellant attached to her brief that are not otherwise in the record support these allegations, we may not consider them. See Burke, 169 S.W.3d at 775. –4– The appellate record in this case demonstrates that both appellant and appellee
appeared pro se virtually before the court for final bench trial pursuant to the
COVID-19 orders in effect at the time of trial. At trial, the court first questioned
appellee, the petitioner in this divorce, going through the basic predicate questions
that would support a divorce under Texas law. The court then asked appellant if her
answers to these basic questions would be different, and she said they would. The
court inquired further, asking appellant how and giving appellant ample leeway to
answer. The court did not stop appellant from answering the questions, and indeed,
the court’s follow-up questions demonstrate the court engaged appellant
appropriately. We overrule appellant’s first issue.
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AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed August 4, 2022
S In the Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-20-01088-CV
VIVIAN O. TAYLOR, Appellant V. CHARLES E. TAYLOR, Appellee
On Appeal from the 330th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DF-19-21619
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Myers, Carlyle, and Goldstein Opinion by Justice Carlyle Appellant Vivian Taylor challenges the trial court’s judgment granting a
divorce to appellee and petitioner below Charles Taylor. Both parties appeared pro
se below and before this court, and only appellant has filed a brief in this court.1 We
affirm. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
Appellant first filed a brief on September 20, 2021, pursuant to this court’s
order, granting a third extension for doing so. On September 24, 2021, the Clerk of
1 When an appellee fails to file an appellate brief, we review the merits of appellant’s issues to determine whether reversal is appropriate. An appellee’s failure to file a brief does not entitle appellant to automatic reversal. See Yeater v. H-Town Towing LLC, 605 S.W.3d 729, 731 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2020, no pet.). the Court sent appellant a letter, informing appellant that the brief failed to comply
with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure in several specific respects, including
failing to appropriately cite either the record or authorities. See TEX. R. APP. P.
38.1(i). Appellant filed a corrected brief, but added little in the way of record citation
or reference to applicable legal authorities. We then ordered the case submitted
without oral argument.
Texas law recognizes the right for civil litigants to proceed on their own behalf
in court, pro se. Bolling v. Farmers Branch ISD, 315 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex. App.—
Dallas 2010, no pet.). That said, we hold pro se litigants to the same standards for
pleading, briefing, and procedure as we do lawyers. See Mansfield State Bank v.
Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184–85 (Tex. 1978); Washington v. Bank of N.Y., 362
S.W.3d 853, 854 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.). This includes following the
appellate rules for briefing appeals to this court, and though we do not require rigid
adherence regarding the form of a brief, we examine briefs closely for compliance
with rules governing briefs’ contents. Hammonds v. Dallas Cty., No. 05-18-01433-
CV, 2020 WL 948383, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 27, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.).
To do otherwise would give pro se litigants an unfair advantage over litigants
represented by counsel. We liberally construe pro se pleadings and briefs.
Washington, 362 S.W.3d at 854.
Appellant first claims she did not receive “proper notice regarding hearings”
or access to “virtual hearings and documents timely.” The appellate record consists
–2– of one Reporter’s Record volume of the final trial hearing, at which both parties were
present; a Clerk’s Record; and a Supplemental Clerk’s Record. This court informed
appellant, in its September 14, 2021 order granting her third motion for extension of
time to file the brief, that she could move to supplement the reporter’s record with
transcripts for additional hearings—something she claimed to have been trying to do
in each of her motions for extension of time to file the opening brief. Appellant did
not move to supplement the record with transcripts, nor has she provided any
indication that a court reporter was present to transcribe a hearing other than the final
trial. See generally TEX. R. APP. P. 34.6. The record includes the court’s May 3, 2021
order directing the 330th Judicial District Court’s Official Court Reporter “to file the
reporter’s record.” The reporter subsequently filed the single volume reporter’s
record with a standard certification.2
Further, appellant’s factual statement and argument as to this issue rely almost
entirely on documents she has attached to her brief that are not otherwise in the
appellate record, and we may not consider them. Burke v. Insurance Auto Auctions
Corp., 169 S.W.3d 771, 775 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, pet. denied). Also, Appellant
2 When filing the record, the court reporter certified as follows: I, Francheska Duffey, Official Court Reporter in and for the 330th District Court of Dallas County, State of Texas, do hereby certify that the above and foregoing contains a true and correct transcription of all portions of evidence and other proceedings requested in writing by counsel for the parties to be included in this volume of the Reporter’s Record, in the above-styled and -numbered cause, all of which occurred in open court or in chambers and were reported by me. I further certify that this Reporter’s Record of the proceedings truly and correctly reflects the exhibits, if any, admitted by the respective parties. –3– has provided no record support for the allegations regarding electronic access. And
as noted, appellant’s corrected brief includes reference to scant relevant legal
authorities. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i) (appellant’s brief “must contain a clear and
concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities
and to the record”). The brief still fails to meet even the basic requirements for citing
relevant legal authority. For these reasons, we conclude appellant presents nothing
for our review by the first issue. See Burke, 169 S.W.3d at 775; Hammonds, 2020
WL 948383, at *2.
We consider appellant’s issue in the interests of justice. The appellate record
does not support appellant’s allegations that she was not present for two of the eight
hearings in this case, nor does it support her allegation that she was not given
reasonable notice to hearings or access to virtual proceedings.3 Appellant fails to
explain why, assuming she was only present or got notice for two of eight pretrial
hearings, this prejudiced her or how it affected the trial court’s decision to grant the
divorce and split the community property the way it did. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1
(“No judgment may be reversed on appeal on the ground that the trial court made an
error of law unless the court of appeals concludes that the error complained of: (1)
probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment; or (2) probably prevented
the appellant from properly presenting the case to the court of appeals.”).
3 Again, to the extent any of the documents appellant attached to her brief that are not otherwise in the record support these allegations, we may not consider them. See Burke, 169 S.W.3d at 775. –4– The appellate record in this case demonstrates that both appellant and appellee
appeared pro se virtually before the court for final bench trial pursuant to the
COVID-19 orders in effect at the time of trial. At trial, the court first questioned
appellee, the petitioner in this divorce, going through the basic predicate questions
that would support a divorce under Texas law. The court then asked appellant if her
answers to these basic questions would be different, and she said they would. The
court inquired further, asking appellant how and giving appellant ample leeway to
answer. The court did not stop appellant from answering the questions, and indeed,
the court’s follow-up questions demonstrate the court engaged appellant
appropriately. We overrule appellant’s first issue.
We come to a similar conclusion as to appellant’s fourth issue: “Did the
Court’s office express continued bias and assistance for Appellee?” Appellant’s
statement of facts and argument as to this issue rely on documents attached to her
brief that are not in the appellate record, which we may not consider. See Burke, 169
S.W.3d at 775. Nothing in the appellate record supports the assertion that the court’s
office expressed bias, and nothing in the record supports reversal. See TEX. R. APP.
P. 44.1. We overrule appellant’s fourth issue.
Finally, we consider appellant’s second and third issues, challenging the
sufficiency of the evidence to support the judgment granting divorce and dividing
community property. Appellant has provided no briefing or argument as to why the
–5– court should not have granted the divorce, and thus this portion of the second issue
presents nothing for this court’s review. See Hammonds, 2020 WL 948383, at *2.4
Regarding the community property division, appellant claims there is no
evidence to support the trial court’s decision, but gives no further argument, and this
issue too presents nothing for our review. See Hammonds, 2020 WL 948383, at *2.
In the interests of justice, we review these issues as well. The court awarded
appellee a Chevy Silverado and appellant a Nissan Armada. The court also awarded
appellee his pest control business, which he stated without contradiction that he
owned “way before” the marriage. The division was otherwise identical, though the
court awarded appellant her wedding bands, an HP computer, a French room divider,
a washer and dryer, and embroidery software and designs on appellee’s computer.
The court awarded appellee $600 in debt additional to what it required of appellant.
Neither party requested findings of fact or conclusions of law. See TEX. FAM. CODE
§ 6.711.
On the record before this court, and indulging every reasonable presumption
in favor of the trial court’s proper exercise of discretion in dividing marital property
as we must, we can discern no clear abuse of discretion in this division or that any
error materially affected the just and right division of the community estate. See
Mandell v. Mandell, 310 S.W.3d 531, 538 (Tex. App.—Ft. Worth 2010, pet. denied)
4 In any event, the record amply supports granting the divorce on the ground of insupportability. See TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.001. –6– (reciting the appellate standard for community property division); TEX. FAM. CODE
§ 7.001 (“General Rule of Property Division”).
To the extent appellant complains the trial court erred by asking appellant
leading questions during the final hearing, the only hearing transcribed in our record,
we find no error. As an initial matter, appellant lodged no objection to the trial court
questioning appellee and thus has preserved no error for our review. See TEX. R.
APP. P. 33.1. In any event, a trial court has broad discretion over the conduct of a
trial and may properly intervene to maintain control in the courtroom, to expedite
the trial, and to prevent what it considers to be a waste of time. Dow Chem. Co. v.
Francis, 46 S.W.3d 237, 240 (Tex. 2001) (per curiam). And in a bench trial, a judge
may question witnesses to clarify facts on issues the judge must decide in fulfilling
her role as factfinder. See Sklar v. Sklar, 598 S.W.3d 810, 824–25 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2020, no pet.). The court asked leading and non-leading
questions of both parties, and none of the questioning in this record constituted an
abuse of discretion. See id.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.5
/Cory L. Carlyle/ CORY L. CARLYLE JUSTICE 201088F.P05
5 To the extent appellant complains in her brief that appellee failed to follow the trial court’s orders regarding returning her property and allowing her access to it, those complaints present nothing for our review because they are properly addressed to the trial court, not this court. –7– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
VIVIAN O. TAYLOR, Appellant On Appeal from the 330th Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-20-01088-CV V. Trial Court Cause No. DF-19-21619. Opinion delivered by Justice Carlyle. CHARLES E. TAYLOR, Appellee Justices Myers and Goldstein participating.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered August 4, 2022
–8–