Mr. Justice Cooke
delivered the opinion of the court:
This is an appeal from a judgment of the county court of Cook county confirming a special assessment against the property of appellants for the cost of constructing a pavement on a system of streets in the village of Oak Park.
Appellee passed an ordinance for paving with brick North boulevard from the east line of Ridgeland avenue to the west line of Lombard avenue, and Cuyler avenue from the south line of Lake street to the north line of North boulevard, and Harvey avenue from the south line of Lake street to a line four feet north of the north line of North boulevard. Appellee filed a petition for the confirmation of a special assessment to defray the cost of the proposed improvement. Legal objections were filed and overruled. On the hearing of the question of benefits the court reduced the assessment against private property and apportioned twenty per cent of the cost as a public benefit, and judgment was entered accordingly.
It is first contended that there is a willful and substantial variance between the first resolution and the ordinance as to the exclusion of the street railway right of way and as to the construction of a combined curb and gutter. The language of the resolution in this respect is as follows: “That the roadways of a system of streets as follows, to-wit: North boulevard from the east line of Ridgeland avenue produced from the north to the west line of Lombard avenue produced from .the north, and Cuyler avenue from the north curb line of North boulevard to the southerly line of Lake street; Harvey avenue from a line four (4) feet north of and parallel with the north line of North boulevard to the southerly line of Lake street, (except the intersection of Harvey avenue and North boulevard and also except street railway rights of way thereon between said points, which rights of way are by the ordinance granting them required to be paved and kept in repair by the companies owning, operating and controlling the same,) be improved by adjusting sewer man-holes, * * * constructing a granite concrete combined curb and gutter on cinders,” etc. Appellants insist that a fair reading of the resolution discloses that it was intended to exclude from the improvement onfy the right of way of the street railway company on Harvey avenue, whereas the ordinance expressly excludes all right of way space on Cuyler avenue, North boulevard and Harvey avenue. This objection is exceedingly technical and without merit. The resolution plainly discloses that it was intended to exclude from the improvement the exact right of way described in the ordinance.
The contention that there is a willful and substantial variance between the resolution and the ordinance with respect to the construction of a combined curb and gutter is more serious. The resolution provides for the construction of a concrete combined curb and gutter throughout the whole line of the improvement, whereas the ordinance provides for the construction of a combined curb and gutter throughout the improvement except along Harvey avenue. It developed on the hearing of the question of benefits that the reason for this exception contained in the ordinance was because there was a good combined curb and gutter on Harvey avenue which could be used in connection with the proposed improvement. Counsel for appellee concedes that there is this variance between the resolution and the ordinance but insists that it is neither willful nor substantial, and contends that anyone interested could take a map and the engineer’s estimate and figure out that it was not contemplated that a combined curb and gutter should be constructed throughout the whole of the improvement and could ascertain the exact extent from the engineer’s estimate of the amount of the combined curb and gutter proposed to be constructed, and by going to the system of streets which it was proposed to improve could see from the condition of the combined curb and gutter on Harvey avenue that it was intended to be' left undisturbed, and that its extent would correspond exactly with the amount of combined curb and gutter omitted from the engineer’s ■ estimate which under the resolution would have been necessary to complete the improvement. The property owner is not required to go to these pains to determine the scope and character of the proposed improvement. This variance must be held to be both willful and substantial. As was said in Smith v. City of Chicago, 214 Ill. 155, the change made in the improvement was not the result of inadvertence but was clearly designed and intentional, and would result in the improvement being substantially different from that, determined upon by the board after those interested had been heard at the public meeting. The court erred in not sustaining this legal objection.
As the judgment must be reversed for the above error it will not be necessary for us to consider all the other points raised, as some of them are not likely to arise again. Some questions raised, however, will come up for determination upon another hearing and those will be decided.
On the hearing of the question of benefits appellants introduced in evidence a switch-track ordinance which granted the right to construct, maintain and operate a switch track in North boulevard to be connected with the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company’s tracks, the rails to be at the grade of North boulevard and the tracks to be made passable at all times and in all directions, provided that if the railway company should elevate its tracks the switch track should also be elevated to conform to the elevation of the main tracks of the company, the elevation to be constructed in such a manner and with such materials as the town should require and in such a manner as to permit carriages and other vehicles and pedestrians to pass and re-pass below the track. One section of the ordinance provided that the grantee of the privilege should pave and keep paved the space between the rails of said track, and for a space of two feet on the outside of each rail of said track, with such material and in such a manner as the town might direct. Since the granting of this privilege the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company’s tracks have been elevated, and the switch track in question has also been elevated in compliance with the terms of this ordinance. The improvement ordinance did not exclude from the pavement on North boulevard the space beneath the elevated switch track, and it is contended that the ordinance is unreasonable, oppressive and void because it included work to be done by the grantee of the switch-track franchise. The terms of this ordinance require that while the switch track remained on the ground and at the grade of North boulevard, the owner of the license must pave between the rails and over the space of two feet on the outside of each rail. While it is true that the terms of a license such as this are construed most strongly in favor of the grantor and all questions of doubt will be resolved in favor of the public, it is apparent that the obligation to pave no longer rests on the grantee or owner of the license after the elevation of the switch track, as it- then became impossible to pave between the rails and the space for two feet outside of each rail. The separation of the grades relieved the owner of the license of the obligation to pave any part of the street. This obligation might easily have been imposed by the ordinance in case of elevation of the tracks, but it was not done.
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Mr. Justice Cooke
delivered the opinion of the court:
This is an appeal from a judgment of the county court of Cook county confirming a special assessment against the property of appellants for the cost of constructing a pavement on a system of streets in the village of Oak Park.
Appellee passed an ordinance for paving with brick North boulevard from the east line of Ridgeland avenue to the west line of Lombard avenue, and Cuyler avenue from the south line of Lake street to the north line of North boulevard, and Harvey avenue from the south line of Lake street to a line four feet north of the north line of North boulevard. Appellee filed a petition for the confirmation of a special assessment to defray the cost of the proposed improvement. Legal objections were filed and overruled. On the hearing of the question of benefits the court reduced the assessment against private property and apportioned twenty per cent of the cost as a public benefit, and judgment was entered accordingly.
It is first contended that there is a willful and substantial variance between the first resolution and the ordinance as to the exclusion of the street railway right of way and as to the construction of a combined curb and gutter. The language of the resolution in this respect is as follows: “That the roadways of a system of streets as follows, to-wit: North boulevard from the east line of Ridgeland avenue produced from the north to the west line of Lombard avenue produced from .the north, and Cuyler avenue from the north curb line of North boulevard to the southerly line of Lake street; Harvey avenue from a line four (4) feet north of and parallel with the north line of North boulevard to the southerly line of Lake street, (except the intersection of Harvey avenue and North boulevard and also except street railway rights of way thereon between said points, which rights of way are by the ordinance granting them required to be paved and kept in repair by the companies owning, operating and controlling the same,) be improved by adjusting sewer man-holes, * * * constructing a granite concrete combined curb and gutter on cinders,” etc. Appellants insist that a fair reading of the resolution discloses that it was intended to exclude from the improvement onfy the right of way of the street railway company on Harvey avenue, whereas the ordinance expressly excludes all right of way space on Cuyler avenue, North boulevard and Harvey avenue. This objection is exceedingly technical and without merit. The resolution plainly discloses that it was intended to exclude from the improvement the exact right of way described in the ordinance.
The contention that there is a willful and substantial variance between the resolution and the ordinance with respect to the construction of a combined curb and gutter is more serious. The resolution provides for the construction of a concrete combined curb and gutter throughout the whole line of the improvement, whereas the ordinance provides for the construction of a combined curb and gutter throughout the improvement except along Harvey avenue. It developed on the hearing of the question of benefits that the reason for this exception contained in the ordinance was because there was a good combined curb and gutter on Harvey avenue which could be used in connection with the proposed improvement. Counsel for appellee concedes that there is this variance between the resolution and the ordinance but insists that it is neither willful nor substantial, and contends that anyone interested could take a map and the engineer’s estimate and figure out that it was not contemplated that a combined curb and gutter should be constructed throughout the whole of the improvement and could ascertain the exact extent from the engineer’s estimate of the amount of the combined curb and gutter proposed to be constructed, and by going to the system of streets which it was proposed to improve could see from the condition of the combined curb and gutter on Harvey avenue that it was intended to be' left undisturbed, and that its extent would correspond exactly with the amount of combined curb and gutter omitted from the engineer’s ■ estimate which under the resolution would have been necessary to complete the improvement. The property owner is not required to go to these pains to determine the scope and character of the proposed improvement. This variance must be held to be both willful and substantial. As was said in Smith v. City of Chicago, 214 Ill. 155, the change made in the improvement was not the result of inadvertence but was clearly designed and intentional, and would result in the improvement being substantially different from that, determined upon by the board after those interested had been heard at the public meeting. The court erred in not sustaining this legal objection.
As the judgment must be reversed for the above error it will not be necessary for us to consider all the other points raised, as some of them are not likely to arise again. Some questions raised, however, will come up for determination upon another hearing and those will be decided.
On the hearing of the question of benefits appellants introduced in evidence a switch-track ordinance which granted the right to construct, maintain and operate a switch track in North boulevard to be connected with the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company’s tracks, the rails to be at the grade of North boulevard and the tracks to be made passable at all times and in all directions, provided that if the railway company should elevate its tracks the switch track should also be elevated to conform to the elevation of the main tracks of the company, the elevation to be constructed in such a manner and with such materials as the town should require and in such a manner as to permit carriages and other vehicles and pedestrians to pass and re-pass below the track. One section of the ordinance provided that the grantee of the privilege should pave and keep paved the space between the rails of said track, and for a space of two feet on the outside of each rail of said track, with such material and in such a manner as the town might direct. Since the granting of this privilege the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company’s tracks have been elevated, and the switch track in question has also been elevated in compliance with the terms of this ordinance. The improvement ordinance did not exclude from the pavement on North boulevard the space beneath the elevated switch track, and it is contended that the ordinance is unreasonable, oppressive and void because it included work to be done by the grantee of the switch-track franchise. The terms of this ordinance require that while the switch track remained on the ground and at the grade of North boulevard, the owner of the license must pave between the rails and over the space of two feet on the outside of each rail. While it is true that the terms of a license such as this are construed most strongly in favor of the grantor and all questions of doubt will be resolved in favor of the public, it is apparent that the obligation to pave no longer rests on the grantee or owner of the license after the elevation of the switch track, as it- then became impossible to pave between the rails and the space for two feet outside of each rail. The separation of the grades relieved the owner of the license of the obligation to pave any part of the street. This obligation might easily have been imposed by the ordinance in case of elevation of the tracks, but it was not done. This portion of the street was properly provided to be paved at the expense of the parties benefited by the improvement.
It is also contended that under the circumstances shown by the record the ordinance is in other respects unreasonable, oppressive and void, in that it provides for a roadway thirty feet in width along North boulevard, which is a street only fifty feet wide and with a stone retaining wall of the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company extending fourteen feet in height along the south line of the roadway. Cuyler avenue and Harvey avenue are each eighty feet in width, and the ordinance provides for a roadway in these streets also of thirty feet in width. The mere fact that North boulevard is a street of less width than the other streets of this system does not, of itself, signify that the roadway in this street should be of any less width than that of other streets. The question of the necessity for a roadway of this width is one of fact and is not necessarily governed by the width of the street itself.
The Chicago and West Towns Railway Company owned lots abutting on Cuyler and Harvey avenues and North boulevard which were assessed benefits. This ground is occupied with car-barns, offices, a power plant and storage yards of the street railway company. Tracks lead into this property from the street car lines on Harvey avenue and North boulevard and also from Cuyler avenue. It is contended that as the testimony disclosed that this property of the street railway company is used exclusively for street railway purposes and is restricted by law to a particular use, benefits must be measured in relation to such use, and that under the holding in City of Chicago v. Chicago Railways Co. 282 Ill. 383, this property cannot be assessed. It was held in that case that the terminal property of a street railway company could not be assessed for public benefits on the theory that it was benefited because it could be disposed of and devoted to some other use. There is no such question in this case. Each witness testified that the property was benefited for the use that was then being made of it. In the case relied on the judgment was reversed, not because it was not possible to prove any benefits measured in relation to the use which was being made of the property, but because it was evident that the court found that the property was benefited in twice the amount testified to by the witnesses. It is proper, if it can be done, to show that by reason of this improvement the property of the street railway company is benefited for the use it is making of the property.
For the error indicated the judgment of t(ie county court is reversed and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.