VFH Captive Insurance v. Cielinski

581 S.E.2d 335, 260 Ga. App. 807, 2003 Fulton County D. Rep. 1347, 2003 Ga. App. LEXIS 426
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedMarch 26, 2003
DocketA02A2406
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 581 S.E.2d 335 (VFH Captive Insurance v. Cielinski) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
VFH Captive Insurance v. Cielinski, 581 S.E.2d 335, 260 Ga. App. 807, 2003 Fulton County D. Rep. 1347, 2003 Ga. App. LEXIS 426 (Ga. Ct. App. 2003).

Opinion

Phipps, Judge.

Michael P. Cielinski, as trustee in bankruptcy for Gregory Gray, sued VFH Captive Insurance Company for damages arising out of VFH’s alleged bad faith failure to settle a bodily injury claim against Gray. A jury found for Cielinski and returned a verdict against VFH for $725,000. VFH appeals, claiming that the trial court erred in denying its motions for a directed verdict, judgment notwithstanding the verdict, and a new trial. VFH also claims the trial court erred in allowing an admission in its answer to be used as evidence and erred in its jury charge. Finding no error, we affirm.

Litigation arose from an automobile collision between a vehicle driven by Johnny Elias and a taxi driven by William Hancock. The taxi was owned by Gray d/b/a American Cab Company. Elias sued Hancock for damages arising out of the collision, and then added Gray as a defendant. Gray forwarded Elias’s complaint to insurer Rapid Group, Inc., the predecessor of VFH. Rapid Group assumed defense of the action, and its attorney, Sidney L. Moore, asked for a jury trial on the question of damages only. Elias made an offer to [808]*808Moore to settle his claim against Gray for $15,000. VFH, which by that time had assumed the obligations of Rapid Group, did not agree to the offer during the demand period. A jury awarded Elias $300,000 in damages.1

On September 16, 1999, Gray filed for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and Cielinski was appointed as his trustee in bankruptcy. Cielinski, as trustee for Gray, then sued VFH for bad faith in defending Elias’s claim against Gray.

1. VFH contends that the trial court erred in failing to grant its motions for directed verdict and j.n.o.v. because Gray had no insurance contract with Rapid Group. We disagree.

A judgment n.o.v. is properly granted only when there can be but one reasonable conclusion as to the proper judgment; if there is any evidentiary basis for the jury’s verdict, viewing the evidence most favorably to the party who secured the verdict, it is not error to deny the motion.2

(a) VFH points to testimony by Gray in which he contends that he had an oral insurance contract with Rapid Group. VFH contends that an insurance policy must be in writing and that Gray never produced a written policy.3

To make out a case, . . . the party seeking to set up a parol contract, which the law requires to be in writing, must show that he has done some act in performance of the contract upon his side, which act of performance has put him in a new position, so as that it would be a fraud upon him to permit the other party who has accepted this part performance to repudiate it.4

Although Gray did not produce a written insurance contract, the evidence was sufficient for a jury to conclude that Gray performed his part of an insurance agreement with Rapid Group, that Rapid Group caused Gray to rely on the existence of an insurance agreement, and that to allow Rapid Group to repudiate the insurance agreement would be a fraud on Gray. Gray testified that he paid insurance premiums to Rapid Group; that he operated taxis within Fort Benning [809]*809and that he provided authorities there with a “cover sheet” showing the insurance policy information on those vehicles; that he had insurance cards which he kept in his taxis; and that these “cover sheets” and insurance cards were provided to him by Rapid Group and iden-. tified Rapid Group as the insurer. Gray also testified that every month he gave Rapid Group a list of insured drivers which included his own name.

(b) VFH contends that even though there may have been evidence that Rapid Group insured Gray in his capacity as a driver or with respect to activities within Fort Benning, there was no evidence that Rapid Group issued a policy which provided coverage to Gray for the collision between Hancock and Elias. But the jury was authorized to find that VFH was estopped from denying coverage. Evidence shows that Rapid Group assumed control of Gray’s defense to Elias’s action, including settlement discussions, but did not inform Gray that the representation was undertaken with a reservation of rights as to coverage until the time of trial.

[R]isks not covered by the terms of an insurance policy, or risks excluded therefrom, while normally not subject to the doctrine of waiver and estoppel, [cits.], may be subject to the doctrine where the insurer, without reserving its rights, assumes the defense of an action or continues such defense with knowledge, actual or constructive, of noncoverage. [Cits.]5

We conclude that VFH was not entitled to a directed verdict on the grounds that there was no written insurance contract or that the insurance contract did not cover the collision between Hancock and Elias.

2. In its answer, VFH admitted Paragraph 14 of Gray’s complaint, which asserted that Elias had made an offer to “settle the case for $15,000.00, which was the policy limits of Gregory Gray.” VFH contends that the trial court erred in treating the answer as an admission against interest on the question of whether Rapid Group insured Gray and in allowing the pleadings to be submitted to the jury as evidence.

The trial court did not err in allowing the jury to consider the answer as evidence. “Where matter is contained in pleadings from which inferences may be drawn beneficial to the opposite party, it may be considered as evidence in his favor.”6 Gray was entitled to [810]*810argue that VFH’s admission showed that an insurance policy was in effect as to him. VFH explained the admission by arguing to the jury that its admission to Paragraph 14 of the complaint was a mistake in drafting. The jury was entitled to accept or reject the explanation.

VFH further contends that its pleading was not an admission on the question of insured status because insured status is a legal conclusion and not a statement of fact.7 VFH refers us to Conaway v. American Guarantee &c. Ins. Co.8 for the principle that an insurance company may not, by admitting an allegation in a complaint, be deemed to have made an admission against interest with respect to a question regarding policy limits. And here, VFH shows, the admission referred to a $15,000 policy limit. But even if we were to accept VFH’s interpretation of Conaway, the dispute between the parties is not about the exact dollar amount of the policy limits. The admission speaks to the factual question of whether an insurance contract existed which covered Gray.

3. VFH contends that the trial court erred in denying it a new trial to consider newly discovered evidence. OCGA § 5-5-23 provides:

A new trial may be granted in any case where any material evidence, not merely cumulative or impeaching in its character but relating to new and material facts, is discovered by the applicant after the rendition of a verdict against him and is brought to the notice of the court within the time allowed by law for entertaining a motion for a new trial.

VFH did not meet these statutory requirements. The newly discovered evidence that VFH wished to introduce was Gray’s bankruptcy records.

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581 S.E.2d 335, 260 Ga. App. 807, 2003 Fulton County D. Rep. 1347, 2003 Ga. App. LEXIS 426, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/vfh-captive-insurance-v-cielinski-gactapp-2003.