[Cite as Vella v. Vella, 2011-Ohio-1182.] STATE OF OHIO, JEFFERSON COUNTY
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
SEVENTH DISTRICT
JOHN VELLA ) CASE NO. 10 JE 7 ) PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE ) ) VS. ) OPINION ) MICHELLE L. VELLA ) ) DEFENDANT-APPELLANT )
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS: Civil Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas of Jefferson County, Ohio Case No. 08 DR 56
JUDGMENT: Affirmed.
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee: Atty. Adrian V. Hershey 4110 Sunset Boulevard Steubenville, Ohio 43952
For Defendant-Appellant: Atty. Samuel A. Pate Suite 700 Sinclair Building Steubenville, Ohio 43952
JUDGES:
Hon. Cheryl L. Waite Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich Hon. Mary DeGenaro Dated: March 9, 2011
WAITE, P.J. -2-
{1} Appellant, Michelle L. Vella, appeals the judgment of the Jefferson
County Court of Common Pleas, granting the motion of Appellee, John Vella, to
reallocate parental rights and responsibilities to him over Michael Vella, d.o.b.
2/20/98, and Nicholas Vella, d.o.b. 3/22/01, and denying Appellant’s motion to
reallocate parental rights to her over Dominic Vella, d.o.b. 6/13/1994.
{2} When the parties divorced on June 2, 2008, they entered into a shared
parenting plan. On July 28, 2008, Appellee filed a motion for reallocation of parental
rights and responsibilities over all three of the boys. By agreement of the parties, on
October 7, 2008, Appellee was designated the residential parent of Dominic, and
Appellant was designated the residential parent of Michael and Nicholas.
{3} On June 3, 2009, Appellee filed a second motion for reallocation of
parental rights and responsibilities regarding Michael and Nicholas. On June 15,
2009, Appellant filed her motion for reallocation of parental rights and responsibilities
as to Dominic. An evidentiary hearing was conducted by the magistrate on July 30,
2009.
{4} On August 19, 2009, the magistrate filed her decision granting
Appellee’s motion to be designated the residential parent of Michael and Nicholas,
and denying Appellant’s motion to be designated Dominic’s residential parent. On
August 25, 2009, the magistrate entered a nunc pro tunc decision correcting errors in
the decision unrelated to the matters on appeal.
{5} On August 26, 2009, Appellant filed her written objections to the
decision, and on September 25, 2009, she filed a brief in support of the written -3-
objections. On January 15, 2010, the trial court overruled Appellant’s objections, and
on February 9, 2010, the trial court issued the judgment entry approving the
magistrate’s decision. In this appeal, Appellant challenges the trial court’s
determinations that a change in circumstances occurred with respect to Michael and
Nicholas, and that no change of circumstances occurred with respect to Dominic.
She further argues that the reallocation of parental rights with respect to Michael and
Nicholas were not in the best interests of the children, and that the harm outweighed
the benefit of the change of environment.
{6} The testimony at the hearing established that Appellant leased a
residence with her then boyfriend, Joe Corsi, at some point after the parties had
entered into the shared parenting plan. Appellee testified that Corsi used foul
language in front of the boys, and that he overheard Corsi cursing him while he was
on the phone with his sons. (Tr., pp. 7-8.) During that same conversation, Corsi told
one of the boys to hang up on Appellee. (Tr., p. 8.) Appellee also overheard Corsi
threaten to “punch [Appellant] between the eyes.” (Tr., p. 9.) According to Appellee,
he stopped calling Appellant’s home in October of 2008 in order to prevent Corsi’s
outbursts. (Tr., pp. 8, 10.)
{7} Appellee testified that the boys were upset by Corsi’s behavior and,
more specifically, that Corsi had alienated Dominic from his mother. After Dominic
stole a hockey jersey from her home, Appellant threatened to call the police to report
the theft. (Tr., p. 10.) Although Appellee made Dominic return the jersey, and the
police were never called, Dominic refused to spend any time at his mother’s following -4-
the incident. Appellee testified that he believed Corsi was behind the threats. (Tr., p.
23.)
{8} Appellee testified that Appellant left Corsi at some point prior to the
hearing and moved in with her parents, but he believed that she did so because the
motion to reallocate parental rights and responsibilities was pending. Appellant
testified that she had planned to leave Corsi in March, but her parents could not
facilitate her move until the end of June due to the failing health of her paternal
grandfather. (Tr., p. 57.) Appellee testified that Appellant still talks to Corsi on the
phone, and that he could not rule out the possibility that she would reunite with Corsi
after the motions pending before the trial court had been resolved. (Tr., p. 16.)
{9} Appellee testified that his work schedule at the mill alternates every
other week: he works 6 a.m. to 2 p.m. the first week, and 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. the
second week. However, his mother’s residence is next door and he stated that she
would take care of the boys in his absence. (Tr., p. 20.) Appellee was laid off from
the mill at the time of the hearing, but was expecting to get called back before the
end of the year.
{10} Appellee stated that Dominic has always performed poorly at school.
(Tr., p. 19.) Appellant allowed Dominic to transfer to a new school for the coming
school year in hopes that the move would motivate Dominic to work harder on
academics. Dominic had a “D” average the year that he lived with Appellee. (Tr., p.
24.) Appellee conceded that he had at least twice allowed Dominic to taste beer.
(Tr., p. 18.) -5-
{11} At the close of Appellee’s direct testimony, Appellant’s counsel moved
for a directed verdict predicated on Appellee’s failure to demonstrate that a change in
circumstances had occurred with respect to Michael and Nicholas. Appellee’s
counsel expressed Appellee’s frustration over the fact that he could not recount the
many stories he was told by his sons about Corsi’s behavior, and asked the trial court
to interview the boys before ruling on the motion. (Tr., pp. 21-22.) The magistrate
denied the motion for directed verdict “because of [Appellant’s] relationship with Mr.
Corsi and how that posed an abusive environment for the children.” (Tr., p. 22.)
{12} On cross examination, Appellee defended his decision not to force
Dominic to spend time at Appellant’s house because he wanted to spare Dominic
“[t]he grief from Mr. Corsi” that included “vulgar language, looks,” and “things [his]
son would tell [Appellee] when he got home.” (Tr., p. 23.) With respect to Dominic’s
grades, Appellee conceded that Michael and Nicholas received “A’s and B’s” in
school but he argued that it had little to do with the fact that they were living with
Appellant. (Tr., p. 27.) Later in the hearing, Appellant admitted that Michael and
Nicholas were “naturals” when it came to academics. (Tr., p. 55.)
{13} With respect to extra curricular activities, Appellee defended his
decision to take Michael out of a baseball game to attend a fish fry because
Appellee’s work schedule limited their time together. (Tr., p. 37.) Appellant testified
that Michael missed six basketball games during his visitation with Appellee. (Tr., p.
67.) Appellee also permitted Dominic to skip his eighth grade graduation ceremony,
unbeknownst to Appellant and her parents, who attended the ceremony. -6-
{14} Appellant testified that she is currently living with her parents, and that
her relationship with Corsi is over. She further testified that she entered a two year
physical therapy program at Kent State University, and would probably continue to
live with her parents until she could finish school and get a job. When asked if she
anticipated living with Corsi again, she responded, “[a]bsolutely not.” (Tr., p. 68.)
{15} She flatly denied Appellee’s assertion that Corsi threatened to hit her.
(Tr., p. 69.) She refused to admit that Cori was abusive, testifying instead that she
and Corsi “had [their] occasional fight like every couple that’s in a relationship.” (Tr.,
p. 68.) However, she conceded that the arguments and the children “not being
happy” about the arguments contributed to the breakup. (Tr., pp. 69-70.)
{16} She testified that the boys never told her that they were upset by her
arguments with Corsi, but that Appellee told her they were upset. (Tr., p. 70.) She
further testified that Corsi offered to leave when Dominic came to visit her. (Tr., p.
64.)
{17} Appellant criticized Appellee’s failure to encourage Dominic to play
sports because of her belief that sports teach children responsibility. (Tr., pp. 54, 61.)
She testified that playing sports motivated Dominic to get better grades, because he
had to maintain a “C” average to remain on the various sports teams. (Tr., p. 53.)
She admitted that Dominic spends more time with her now that she is living with her
parents. (Tr., p. 66.)
{18} She expressed concern that the boys want to live with Appellant
because he buys them material things. (Tr., pp. 61-62.) She also challenged -7-
Appellee’s contention that he only allowed Dominic to taste beer. She claims that he
permitted Dominic to drink “a whole beer” on two or three different occasions. (Tr., p.
56.)
{19} Appellant’s parents both testified that they enjoy having Michael and
Nicholas living with them, and that they have space for Dominic as well. (Tr., pp. 71,
75-76.) Appellant’s father is retired and explained that he would be available to care
for the boys while Appellant is attending Kent State. (Tr., pp. 68, 75.) Appellee
conceded that Appellant’s parents are “good grandparents.” (Tr., p. 11.)
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1
{20} “The trial court committed reversible error when it failed to vacate the
Magistrate’s Decision granting Appellee’s Motion for the Reallocation of Parental
Rights and Responsibilities when the same was not supported by the evidence, was
contrary to law and abuse [sic] of discretion.”
{21} Custody orders are reviewed for abuse of the trial court’s discretion.
Davis v. Flickinger (1997), 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 416, 674 N.E.2d 1159; Miller v. Miller
(1988), 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 523 N.E.2d 846. An abuse of discretion refers to an
order that is unreasonable, unconscionable or arbitrary. Blakemore v. Blakemore
(1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140.
{22} The Supreme Court of Ohio has recognized that domestic relations
courts have broad discretion in matters related to the allocation of parental rights and
responsibilities and has cautioned that appellate courts must accord “the utmost
respect” to this discretion. Miller v. Miller (1988), 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 523 N.E.2d -8-
846. In Miller, the Supreme Court of Ohio noted that “[t]he knowledge a trial court
gains through observing the witnesses and the parties in a custody proceeding
cannot be conveyed to a reviewing court by a printed record.” Id., citing Trickey v.
Trickey (1952), 158 Ohio St. 9, 13, 106 N.E.2d 772. Consequently, “the reviewing
court in such proceedings should be guided by the presumption that the trial court’s
findings were indeed correct.” Id., citing Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland (1984), 10
Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273.
{23} In order for a court to reallocate parental rights and responsibilities and
change the residential parent, a court is required to find that a change in
circumstances has occurred since the prior custody order; that the change in custody
is in the best interests of the child; and that the benefits of the change in custody
outweigh the harm caused by the change. These requirements are found in R.C.
3109.04(E)(1), which states:
{24} “(E)(1)(a) The court shall not modify a prior decree allocating parental
rights and responsibilities for the care of children unless it finds, based on facts that
have arisen since the prior decree or that were unknown to the court at the time of
the prior decree, that a change has occurred in the circumstances of the child, the
child's residential parent, or either of the parents subject to a shared parenting
decree, and that the modification is necessary to serve the best interest of the child.
In applying these standards, the court shall retain the residential parent designated
by the prior decree or the prior shared parenting decree, unless a modification is in
the best interest of the child and one of the following applies: -9-
{25} “(i) The residential parent agrees to a change in the residential parent
or both parents under a shared parenting decree agree to a change in the
designation of residential parent.
{26} “(ii) The child, with the consent of the residential parent or of both
parents under a shared parenting decree, has been integrated into the family of the
person seeking to become the residential parent.
{27} “(iii) The harm likely to be caused by a change of environment is
outweighed by the advantages of the change of environment to the child.”
{28} “The clear intent of [R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a)] is to spare children from a
constant tug of war between their parents who would file a motion for change of
custody each time the parent out of custody thought he or she could provide the
children a ‘better’ environment. The statute is an attempt to provide some stability to
the custodial status of children, even though the parent out of custody may be able to
prove that he or she can provide a better environment.” Wyss v. Wyss (1982), 3
Ohio App.3d 412, 416, 445 N.E.2d 1153.
{29} In determining the best interests of the child in a change of custody
dispute, the court is also required to consider the factors listed in R.C. 3109.04(F)
before changing custody:
{30} “(F)(1) In determining the best interest of a child pursuant to this
section, whether on an original decree allocating parental rights and responsibilities
for the care of children or a modification of a decree allocating those rights and -10-
responsibilities, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited
to:
{31} “(a) The wishes of the child’s parents regarding the child’s care;
{32} “(b) If the court has interviewed the child in chambers pursuant to
division (B) of this section regarding the child's wishes and concerns as to the
allocation of parental rights and responsibilities concerning the child, the wishes and
concerns of the child, as expressed to the court;
{33} “(c) The child’s interaction and interrelationship with the child’s parents,
siblings, and any other person who may significantly affect the child's best interest;
{34} “(d) The child’s adjustment to the child’s home, school, and community;
{35} “(e) The mental and physical health of all persons involved in the
situation;
{36} “(f) The parent more likely to honor and facilitate court-approved
parenting time rights or visitation and companionship rights;
{37} “(g) Whether either parent has failed to make all child support
payments, including all arrearages, that are required of that parent pursuant to a child
support order under which that parent is an obligor;
{38} “(h) Whether either parent or any member of the household of either
parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any criminal offense
involving any act that resulted in a child being an abused child or a neglected child;
whether either parent, in a case in which a child has been adjudicated an abused
child or a neglected child, previously has been determined to be the perpetrator of -11-
the abusive or neglectful act that is the basis of an adjudication; whether either
parent or any member of the household of either parent previously has been
convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of section 2919.25 of the Revised Code
or a sexually oriented offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of
the offense was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the current
proceeding; whether either parent or any member of the household of either parent
previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any offense involving a victim
who at the time of the commission of the offense was a member of the family or
household that is the subject of the current proceeding and caused physical harm to
the victim in the commission of the offense; and whether there is reason to believe
that either parent has acted in a manner resulting in a child being an abused child or
a neglected child;
{39} “(i) Whether the residential parent or one of the parents subject to a
shared parenting decree has continuously and willfully denied the other parent’s right
to parenting time in accordance with an order of the court;
{40} “(j) Whether either parent has established a residence, or is planning to
establish a residence, outside this state.”
{41} The starting point in a modification of custody action is whether there
was a change in circumstances since the prior final custody order that supports the
court’s intervention. Davis, supra. The Supreme Court of Ohio has explained that a
change in circumstances does not have to be “substantial,” but “the change must be
a change of substance, not a slight or inconsequential change.” Id. at 418. The -12-
phrase, “change in circumstances,” is generally “intended to denote an event
occurrence, or situation which has had a material and adverse effect upon a child.”
Rohrbaugh v. Rohrbaugh (2000), 136 Ohio App.3d 599, 604-605, 737 N.E.2d 551.
In addition to an actual change in circumstances, a trial court may reallocate parental
rights based on facts that were unknown to the court at the time of the prior decree.
R.C. 3109.04(E)(1).
{42} The trial court did not abuse its discretion when it concluded that a
change of circumstances had occurred with respect to Michael and Nicholas. In In re
Brayden James, 113 Ohio St.3d 420, 2007-Ohio-2335, 866 N.E.2d 467, ¶18, the
Ohio Supreme Court recognized that “Ohio courts have considered a variety of
factors that are relevant to the change-in-circumstances requirement of R.C.
3109.04(E)(1)(a),” including a new marriage that creates hostility by the residential
parent and spouse toward the nonresidential parent, frustrating attempts at visitation,
Davis, 77 Ohio St.3d at 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159; the advancement of a child from
infancy to adolescence, Perz v. Perz (1993), 85 Ohio App.3d 374, 377, 619 N.E.2d
1094; unruly behavior of the residential parent involving the police, Butler v. Butler
(1995), 107 Ohio App.3d 633, 669 N.E.2d 291; and fights between the residential
parent and a new spouse that required police intervention, along with the fact that the
residential parent had moved six times in two years, Dedic v. Dedic (Jan. 27, 1999),
9th Dist. No. 98CA0008, 1999 WL 33445. Here, the record establishes that
Appellant began cohabitating with Corsi at some point after the parties entered into
the shared parenting agreement, and that Appellant’s cohabitation with Corsi proved -13-
to be a polarizing force in the family dynamic. Appellant conceded as much when
she testified that Corsi offered to leave their home when Dominic was scheduled to
stay with her. Therefore, the testimony at trial established that a change of
circumstances occurred.
{43} Turning to the best interest analysis, the record reflects that the mental
health of the children, as well as their interaction with their parents, is best served by
the reallocation of parental rights in this case. Corsi’s presence interfered with the
children’s relationship with both of their parents and Dominic. Appellee testified that
he stopped calling the boys in October of 2008 for fear of upsetting Corsi, as he was
concerned that the boys would suffer the consequences. He further testified that
Dominic refused to go to Appellant’s house due to the “grief” that he would suffer at
Corsi’s hands. Although Appellee was unable to communicate the details of the
boys’ problems with Corsi, the children were given the opportunity to do so when the
magistrate interviewed them pursuant to R.C. 3109.04(B)(1).
{44} Finally, the harm likely to be caused by a change of environment is
outweighed by the advantages of the change of environment to the children.
Appellant’s testimony that she does not intend to reconcile with Corsi is undercut by
her refusal to admit to the deleterious effect that he had on her relationship with her
children and her continuing communication with him.
{45} Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it concluded
that a change of circumstances had occurred with respect to Michael and Nicholas,
that it was in the best interest of the children to reallocate parental rights in this case, -14-
and that the harm caused by the change of environment is outweighed by the
advantages of the change of environment. Accordingly, Appellant’s first assignment
of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2
{46} “The trial court committed reversible error when it failed to vacate the
Magistrate’s Decision denying Appellant’s Motion for the Reallocation of Parental
Rights and Responsibilities when the same was supported by substantial, credible
evidence adduced at the evidentiary hearing.”
{47} Appellant contends that the trial court ignored several facts adduced at
the hearing when it concluded that there had been no change in circumstances with
respect to Dominic. Appellant cites Dominic’s “D” grade point average and the fact
that Appellee permitted Dominic to drink beer as evidence ignored by the trial court.
To the contrary, the magistrate considered the foregoing facts, stating, “[i]n weighing
the situations of poor judgments against the estranged relationship of Defendant,
Michelle Vella, and the minor child, more harm is likely to result in changing the
designation of the residential parent.” (Mag. Decision, p. 3.) In other words, the
magistrate considered the “poor judgments” of Appellee raised by Appellant in this
appeal, but did not conclude that they constituted a change in circumstances
sufficient to warrant a reallocation of parental rights. Therefore, Appellant’s second
assignment of error is overruled.
{48} In conclusion, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it
concluded that a change of circumstances had occurred with respect to Michael and -15-
Nicholas, but that no such change had occurred with respect to Dominic. Likewise,
no abuse of discretion is apparent in the trial court’s conclusion that the best interests
of Michael and Nicholas are served by the reallocation of parental rights and that the
harm caused by the change of environment is outweighed by the advantages of the
change of environment. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Vukovich, J., concurs.
DeGenaro, J., concurs.